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1.
夏季强降雨对胶州湾浮游硅藻群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究强降水对胶州湾浮游硅藻群落的影响及作用机制,作者利用2012年夏季暴雨前(7月17日)和暴雨后(8月5日)采集的浮游植物样品,对暴雨前后胶州湾海域浮游硅藻的种类组成、丰度和群落结构特征等进行了分析,探讨了台风导致的强降雨天气对浮游硅藻群落结构的影响。结果表明,暴雨前胶州湾海域共记录到硅藻22属54种,暴雨后,共记录到出硅藻18属39种,浮游硅藻种类数显著下降。暴雨前浮游硅藻的平均丰度为2 953.9×104个/m3,优势种有浮动弯角藻(Eucampia zoodiacus)、星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、拟旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)和劳氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus);暴雨后浮游硅藻平均丰度为111.4×104个/m3,比暴雨前降低了1个数量级,优势种组成也发生变化,有浮动弯角藻、星脐圆筛藻、大洋角管藻(Cerataulina pelagica)和波状石丝藻(Lithodesmium undulatum)。暴雨前后胶州湾海域浮游硅藻平面分布也发生变化,暴雨前在湾西部丰度值较高,暴雨后浮游硅藻平面分布相比暴雨前更加均匀。本研究可为深入探讨海洋环境异常变化对浮游硅藻乃至浮游植物群落的影响提供重要依据。 相似文献
2.
长江口海域春季浮游植物的年际变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于2014年5月在长江口海域采集海水样品,分析了浮游植物种类组成、细胞丰度、优势种等群落结构特征。共鉴定浮游植物105种,其中硅藻30属56种,甲藻19属41种,以及隶属于金藻、蓝藻等的8个种。浮游硅藻以近岸半咸水种为主,优势种类是中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum);浮游甲藻以沿岸广布种为主,典型代表是东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)。为了更好地了解长江口海域浮游植物的年际变化趋势,本文收集整理了该海域1986—2014年间的春季数据,分析了浮游硅藻、浮游甲藻主要群落特征的年际变化,以及浮游硅藻优势种类细胞粒径的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)浮游硅藻、浮游甲藻的种类数均呈现不同程度的上升趋势,浮游甲藻的上升幅度更为明显;(2)浮游甲藻种类数在浮游植物种类数中的占有比例呈上升趋势,而浮游硅藻所占比例呈下降趋势;(3)浮游硅藻优势种类的细胞粒径呈现小型化趋势。 相似文献
3.
夏季强降雨对胶州湾浮游硅藻群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究强降水对胶州湾浮游硅藻群落的影响及其作用机制,本文利用2012年夏季暴雨前(7月17日)和暴雨后(8月5日)采集的浮游植物样品,对胶州湾海域在暴雨前后浮游硅藻的种类组成、丰度和群落结构特征等进行了分析,探讨了台风导致的强降雨天气对浮游硅藻群落结构的影响。结果表明：暴雨前胶州湾共记录到硅藻22属54种,暴雨后,共记录到出硅藻18属39种,浮游硅藻种类数显著下降。暴雨前浮游硅藻的平均丰度为2953.9 104 cells/m3,优势种有浮动弯角藻(Eucampia zoodiacus)、星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、拟旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)和劳氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus);暴雨后浮游硅藻平均丰度为111.4104cells/m3,比暴雨前降低了1个数量级,优势种组成也发生变化,有浮动弯角藻、星脐圆筛藻、大洋角管藻(Cerataulina pelagica)和波状石丝藻(Lithodesmium undulatum)。暴雨前后浮游硅藻平面分布也发生变化,暴雨前在湾西部丰度值较高,暴雨后浮游硅藻平面分布相比暴雨前更加均匀。本研究可为深入探讨海洋环境异常变化对浮游硅藻乃至浮游植物群落的影响提供重要依据。 相似文献
4.
浮游藻类对溶解态氮的吸收同化是湖泊氮生物循环和水体富营养化发生机制探讨的关键环节。本文通过~(15)N稳定同位素添加实验以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)、卡德藻(Tetraselmis sp.)、剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)以及盐水隐藻(Rhodomonas salina)为研究对象,从浮游藻类氮素吸收时间、营养盐基质以及藻种差异三个方面研究五种藻类对铵氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝氮(NO_3~--N)、尿素氮(Urea-N)三种形态氮的吸收特征。研究发现:(1)浮游藻类对三种形态氮的吸收均在1h时吸收速率最高,其氮素吸收过程为快速吸收。(2)浮游藻类优先吸收还原态氮,其中NH_4~+-N吸收速率最高,当培养周期为1d和4d时浮游藻类对NH_4~+-N吸收速率的均值分别为4.05和4.15μmol/(L·h);浮游藻类对Urea-N吸收相对偏好系数为25.18—713.42,表现出对小分子溶解态有机氮的特定偏好性。(3)不同藻种对氮素吸收具有不同特征,其中,剧毒卡尔藻对三种形态氮的吸收速率均为最高,而铜绿微囊藻的吸收速率均为最低;不同藻种不同培养时间氮素吸收速率差异与浮游藻类生长周期等特性有关。不同浮游藻类对不同形态氮素表现出吸收特异性,对水体氮负荷和浮游藻类水华优势种形成将产生重要影响。 相似文献
5.
通过2008年8月南海北部浮游有孔虫拖网调查,对12号台风“鹦鹉”过境前后南海北部水体中的活体浮游有孔虫群落进行了对比分析,结合海洋环境参数,初步探讨了台风对水体浮游有孔虫群落分布的影响,以增加对浮游有孔虫群落的环境生态的了解,为古环境重建积累基础资料.结果显示,台风过境后的浮游有孔虫丰度较台风来临前有明显降低,优势属种Globigerinoides sacculifer的相对百分含量在台风过境后有明显的降低,而生活在次表层水体中的Globigerina calida和Globigerinella aequilateralis的相对百分含量则在台风过境后明显上升.研究认为台风过境造成的水体垂直混合增强可能是导致浮游有孔虫群落变化的主要因素. 相似文献
6.
通过荧光染色、稀释培养、生理生化和16SrRNA基因鉴定等方法,研究了北极黄河站附近海域海水中浮游细菌的丰度、可培养浮游细菌形态学特征及多样性;采用高通量测序技术研究了黄河站附近采样站点(BJ2)的不可培养浮游细菌群落结构。可培养研究结果表明:(1)9个站点(BJ1-BJ9)水样平均含菌数为2.88×108个/L;(2)21株可培养浮游细菌中,仅AB08、AB09和AB17三株细菌为革兰氏阳性菌;(3)细菌主要包括放线菌纲(Actinobacteria),黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteriia)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria),其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为优势菌(占71%)。高通量测序结果显示:在得到的1 467个不可培养浮游细菌OTU中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势菌群,所占比例分别为49.71%和41.61%,还有少量的浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia);其中变形菌门中以α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)为主要类群。 相似文献
7.
海洋浮游植物群落结构的改变与营养盐结构有关,不同形态氮可能会影响优势种生长从而改变浮游植物群落结构。本文针对莱州湾硅藻向甲藻潜在的种群演替问题,通过船基围隔生态系现场氮加富培养实验,研究NO3-N、NH4-N、陆源有机氮(DONts)和藻源有机氮(DONss)对海洋浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,在NO3-N、NH4-N和DONts加富培养条件下,舟形藻(Navicula spp.,优势度60.4%)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicusm,56.6%)和密连角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus,57.4%)等硅藻是优势种,在DONss加富培养条件下,春膝沟藻(Gonyaulax verior,60.2%)等甲藻为优势种,说明硅藻主要吸收无机态营养盐成为优势种,而甲藻能够吸收DON成为优势藻。动力学过程分析发现,春膝沟藻(G.verior)等甲藻可以直接吸收利用DONss,而DONts可能是通过矿化转化为无机氮,再被密连角毛藻(C.densus)等硅藻吸收与利用。本文研究成果,有助于对硅藻向甲藻演替的营养盐动力学控制机制的认识。 相似文献
8.
南海北部表层沉积物中浮游有孔虫分布特征与环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南海北部12°以北海域表层沉积物中的浮游有孔虫丰度、属种数量与组合、碳酸盐含量以及硅质生物相对丰度等进行了分析和鉴定,结果表明:随水深的增加,浮游有孔虫的丰度降低、属种数量减少,碳酸盐含量降低,硅质生物相对丰度升高,浮游有孔虫优势种由易溶种转变为抗溶种。浮游有孔虫以及碳酸盐含量等的这些变化与深海碳酸盐的溶解作用密切相关,同时,浊流沉积作用和水团等环境因素也是影响浮游有孔虫丰度与组合以及碳酸盐含量变化的重要因子。 相似文献
9.
为研究沙尘沉降和营养盐输入对中国陆架海域浮游植物群落结构的影响,于2017年3—4月在中国黄、东海进行沙尘和不同营养盐(NO-3、PO-4、尿素)添加的船基围隔培养实验。结果表明,与对照组相比,沙尘(2 mg/L)和尿素添加实验组的浮游植物群落细胞密度及群落结构变化不显著,叶绿素a含量差异不显著,优势种均为海链藻属 (Thalassiosira)。不同比值的氮、磷无机营养盐添加对水体中叶绿素a含量和细胞密度的影响不同,其中氮磷比为64∶1的实验组叶绿素a含量和细胞密度最高,分别为18.20 μg/L和7.86×105cells/L。沙尘和营养盐添加对浮游植物群落的影响主要表现为叶绿素a含量、细胞密度峰值及不同优势种所占比例的差异,而各个实验组的种类组成及优势种具有一定的相似性。 相似文献
10.
研究了热带西太平洋雅浦Y3海山冬季和马里亚纳M2海山春季网采浮游植物群落结构,对调查区浮游植物的物种组成、优势种类、细胞丰度以及多样性指数进行了分析。结果表明,两个海山区共鉴定浮游植物4门50属219种,其中硅藻门30属106种,甲藻门17属112种,蓝藻门1属2种,金藻门2属3种。两个航次研究区浮游植物优势种均以链状硅藻如根管藻(Rhizosolenia)、半管藻(Hemiaulus)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros)等属的种类为主,此外太阳漂流藻(Planktoniella sol)、铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)以及部分角藻(Ceratium)物种优势度也比较明显。Y3海山区浮游植物细胞丰度介于1.60～16.61 cells/L,平均值为5.02 cells/L; M2海山区浮游植物细胞丰度介于1.36～10.20 cells/L,平均值为4.12cells/L。两个海山区浮游植物细胞丰度的分布趋势均受硅藻影响较大,甲藻细胞丰度相对较低。在属的水平上,角毛藻、根管藻、角藻和半管藻等属的细胞丰度对两个海山区浮游植物总细胞丰度的贡献较大。多样性指数方面, Y3海山区浮游植物群落香农-威纳指数H′(shannon-wiener index)介于3.95～4.69,平均值为4.30; M2海山区浮游植物群落香农-威纳指数介于3.23～4.46,平均值为3.83。两个海山区浮游植物群落多样性指数均处于较高水平,但站位间的变化不明显。目前,关于热带西太平洋海山区浮游植物群落结构的研究还非常缺乏,亟需后续研究的补充。 相似文献
11.
Residues of UV filters used as ultraviolet absorbers in sunscreens, cosmetics and in light protection have been found in surface water and fish. Recently some of them were shown bearing estrogenic activity, however, very little is known about possible adverse effects to aquatic life. Here we investigate whether two UV filters, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and 3-benzylidene camphor (3-BC), interfere with the thyroid and sex hormone system during frog metamorphosis. Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed to 1, 5 and 50 μg/L of 4-MBC and 3-BC, respectively, for 35 days (NF stage 52–66). The rate of metamorphosis was not affected, and no obvious differences in body and tail length compared to controls were observed. Neither 4-MBC, nor 3-BC led to effects on the sex ratio or gross gonad morphology of X. laevis at stage 66. Our results indicate that these UV filters do not negatively affect the thyroid system and sex ratio of frogs at environmental concentrations. 相似文献
12.
In aquatic environments extracellular enzymes are bound to microbial cells or exist in a free and adsorbed state. Various
filters have been used to fractionate these enzymatic activities, but enzymes may be readily adsorbed onto some materials,
and such adsorption can induce errors in the estimation of enzymatic activity. In this study we examined three filters to
determine the most suitable filter for fractionation when estimating proteolytic enzyme activity in seawater. We found that
the polycarbonate Nuclepore membrane, widely used for size fractionation because of its pore-size accuracy, was the most favorable
for this purpose, even though it adsorbed slightly more enzymes than the low-protein-binding polyethersulfone membrane. We
also found that trypsin-and chymotrypsin-type enzymes were more easily adsorbed than aminopeptidases. 相似文献
13.
The removal of turbidity, particles, phytoplankton and zooplankton in water by crumb rubber filtration was investigated. A substantial reduction was achieved. Of the three variables, filter depth, media size and filtration rate, media size had the most significant influence. Smaller media size favored higher removal efficiency of all targeted matter. There was no apparent relationship between removal efficiency and filter depth. Higher filtration rate resulted in lower removal efficiency and higher head loss. Compared with conventional granular media filters, crumb rubber filters required less backwash, and developed lower head loss. Consequently crumb rubber filters could be run for a longer time or allow a higher filtration rate. The results also indicate that the crumb rubber filtration alone did not achieve the target removal of invasive species. However, crumb rubber filtration could potentially be used as a primary treatment technology to enhance the efficiency of a secondary treatment process (e.g., disinfection). 相似文献
14.
L. G. Bolshakova 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(6):770-778
The requirements imposed on the spectral characteristics of optical filters for portable optical ozonometers are analyzed;
when satisfied, they make it possible to determine the total atmospheric ozone to an accuracy no lower than the accuracy achieved
by complex spectral slit instruments. Considered is the dependence of the calculated ozone absorption coefficients on the
spectral characteristic of the filters and total ozone for the nonmonochromatic radiation measured with two optical filters.
Estimates of the role of contrast and permissible values of the background transmittance of filters in the range of 294.8–400
nm are presented. With these estimates taken into account, it is recommended in two-filter ozonometers to use interference
filters with a transmission maxima at 305.5–307 and 326–330 nm with a spectral width of their bands at half of the height
of the maximum transmission of 2–5 nm. 相似文献
15.
Twenty-seven samples of suspended sediments collected on Millipore filters from the St. Lawrence estuary were directly analysed for Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr and Zn by X-ray fluorescence using standards prepared from suspended matter collected by continuous flow centrifugation. Calibration curves prepared from the analysis of these standards could be directly used in calculating the weight percent of elements for the unknown samples, if the weight of the total suspended matter on the filters did not exceed 25 mg. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of steerable filters as a method of delineating the boundaries of subsurface geological structures. Steerable filters, generally used for edge detection on 2-D images, have the properties of band pass filters with certain directions and are applied to many image processing problems. We first tested the method on synthetic data and then applied it to the aeromagnetic data of İskenderun Basin and adjacent areas.İskenderun Basin is located in the Northeastern Mediterranean where African–Arabian and Anatolian plates are actively interacting. The basin fill records a complex tectonic evolution since the Early Miocene, involving ophiolite emplacement, diachronous collision of Eurasian and Arabian plates and subsequent tectonic escape related structures and associated basin formation. Geophysical investigations of the tectonic framework of İskenderun Basin of Turkey provide important insights on the regional tectonics of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. In this study we show geological structures, which are responsible for the magnetic anomalies in İskenderun Basin and enlighten the structural setting of the Northeastern Mediterranean triple junction using steerable filters. We obtained a magnetic anomaly map of the region from the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration as raw data and then evaluated this by steerable filters. We determined the magnetic anomaly boundaries for İskenderun Basin by using various types of steerable filters and correlated these to drilling data and seismic profiles from the Turkish Petroleum Corporation. The result of the steerable filter analysis was a clarified aeromagnetic anomaly map of İskenderun Basin. The tectonic structure of İskenderun Basin is divided into regions by an N–S trending oblique-slip fault defined by the steerable filter outputs. We propose a new tectonic structure model of İskenderun Basin and modify the direction of the East Anatolian Fault Zone. In our model, East Anatolian Fault Zone cross-cuts the basin as a narrow fault zone and continues towards the Cyprus arc. 相似文献
17.
The response of an array of sensors to coherent undesired noise interfering with the measurement of a desired signal can be optimized if special filters are applied to the outputs of the sensors. In this paper, we derive analytic expressions for filters which minimize the power spectrum of the array response to the undesired coherent signal while simultaneously providing an all-pass condition for the desired signal. These filters are shown to yield an array rejection response which has zero-width main lobes and no sidelobes. An example illustrating the results is also presented. 相似文献
18.
A procedure is presented for designing Kalman filters to measure linear and angular ship motion parameters using realistic models of the ship motion dynamics. The design is based on the state space modeling of ship motion dynamics. The designed filters exhibited significant accuracy improvement (order of magnitude) over filters which do not model ship dynamics. The sensitivity of the filter mechanization to mismodeling of dynamics is investigated. Bounding filter design techniques are used to minimize the effects of mismodeling. The particular measurement system investigated consisted of linear and angular accelerometers in a strapdown mode. The design techniques are also applicable to inertial instruments in a stable inertial platform mode. 相似文献
19.
Controlling the resolution in adaptive beamformers is often crucial. A simple method that works for both narrow-band and broad-band arrays is presented. This method is based on the normalized leaky LMS algorithm in conjunction with a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure, where the GSC is designed using a spatial filtering approach. In essence, the suppression of the spatial filters and the implicit noise of the leaky LMS algorithm together determine the adaptive beamformer. Analytical expressions are given for the Wiener filters and the output spectrum versus frequency and point source location. These expressions are employed in the design specification of the spatial filters and to obtain conditions for a controlled quiescent beamformer response. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the behavior of the array 相似文献
20.
Deterministic sea-wave prediction (DSWP) models are appearing in the literature designed for quiescent interval prediction in marine applications dominated by large swell seas. The approach has focused upon spectral methods which are straightforward and intuitively attractive. However, such methods have the disadvantage that while the sea is aperiodic in nature, the standard discrete spectral processing techniques force an absolutely periodic structure onto the resulting sea surface prediction models. As it is the shape of the sea surface that is important in such applications, particularly near the end of the domain which is important, the standard windowing techniques used in signal processing work to reduce leakage artifacts cannot be employed. This has necessitated the use of end matching methods that can be both inconvenient and may reduce the fraction of the time for which legitimate predictions are available. As a result, an investigation has been undertaken of the use of finite impulse response prediction filters to provide the necessary dispersive phase shifting required in DSWP systems. The present work examines the theoretical basis for such filters and explores their properties together with their application to both long and short crested swell seas. It is shown that wide band forms of such filters are only convergent in the sense of distributions having both infinite duration impulse responses and asymptotically divergent first derivatives. However, appropriate band limitation can produce useful finite impulse responses allowing implementation via standard discrete convolution methods. It is demonstrated that despite the prediction filters having a non-causal impulse response such filters can be used in practice due to a combination of the asymmetric nature of the impulse response and the fundamental nature of the prediction process. The findings are confirmed against actual sea-wave data. 相似文献