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全国海洋环境监测每年获得大量的生物多样性监测数据,其中生物种类名记录存在书写不规范、格式不统一、同物异名、学名和中文名缺失、拼写错误等情况,对数据的质量和使用产生很大影响.为了对这些分类数据进行质量控制,构建质控数据库.以2011、2012年全国海洋环境监测实测生物分类数据为原始分类数据,以《中国海洋物种多样性》、《海洋生物分类代码》、《中国海洋生物名录》中的物种数据为标准生物名称,采用计算机程序匹配与人工匹配相结合的方法,建立原始分类数据与标准生物名称的对应关系,完成匹配分类数据的标准化处理并入库,形成质控数据库.基于质控数据库,结合质量控制程序,使得需要进行质控的生物名数据与质控数据库中＂实测中文名＂或＂实测学名＂相匹配,返回质控数据库中的＂标准中文名＂、＂标准学名＂、＂标准类群＂的值以及＂记录处理＂,并作为新增列插入到原数据中,从而实现对分类数据的一站式批量质控.基于质控数据库的生物名质控方法为生物分类数据的质量控制提供了一个简单、有效且易于推广的新方法. 相似文献
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通过研究在中国近海海域鉴定出25种裸甲藻,但发现其中许多种的中文名在国内文献中不统一,不规范,有些甚至曲解了有效拉丁名的原意。该研究对中文名使用不规范、争议较多或者在国内尚未报道过的共13种裸甲藻的发现历史,拉丁属名与种名的确立以及修定过程做出描述,结合有效拉丁名的中文释义和物种的形态特征,按照具体的中文名修订与命名原则,给出一个科学的、能准确表明其分类地位的中文种名。另外12种裸甲藻的中文名在国内的使用相对准确且较统一,最后将25种中国近海裸甲藻的有效拉丁名以及中文名进行了汇总。 相似文献
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物种中文名,即物种学名的中文译名,在生物专业领域和科学普及等方面起着重要的作用。然而,长期以来对海洋浮游甲藻中文名的重视程度不够且拟定时缺乏统一的标准,导致现有海洋浮游甲藻的中文名比较混乱,甚至很多属缺少中文译名,不利于国内同行科研交流、管理部门决策处置及科普宣传等。本文以AlgaeBase藻类数据库中收录的海洋浮游甲藻的有效拉丁名为基础,系统梳理了中文浮游植物文献书籍中的海洋浮游甲藻中文属名,参照已报道的中文拟名规则,通过溯源考证、参考形态学特征等方式规范了部分浮游甲藻的中文属名。结果显示,海洋浮游甲藻共计152个属,其中有77个属有唯一的中文名报道,且被广泛应用,予以保留;有12个属有两个及以上的中文名,且使用比较混乱,结合文献及这些属的形态特征,为之拟定了比较合理的中文名;有63个属暂无中文名,依据其建立时的文献资料,详细考证其拉丁属名的来源、原始含义及其形态特征描述,为其拟定了较为合理的中文属名,以供参考。 相似文献
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为规范水声环境资料质量检核评估工作,开展了水声环境资料质量检核评估标准规范研究,参照水声环境数据后期处理一般程序,梳理分析了原始数据、处理算法、模型运用及处理流程等数据质量误差来源;结合标准化水声环境资料处理程序及成果形式,研究了数据及数据处理全流程检核评估方法,给出数据文件、处理代码及配套文档资料应包含的内容及检查方法;研判了数据质量检核评估要求,给出三级验收制度、检核评估形式及提交的资料清单要求,对开展水声环境资料验收汇交规程及相关标准规范的制定、修订工作,具有较强的参考价值。 相似文献
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2016年5月在天津渤海湾近岸海域采集甲壳类、鱼类及软体类动物等生物样品。采用无火焰原子吸收分光光度法检测了生物样品内的铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)和镉(Cd);采用原子荧光法检测了生物样品中的砷(As)和汞(Hg);采用荧光分光光度法检测了生物样品中的石油烃。结果表明,该区生物体内重金属含量符合《全国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查简明规范》中的"海洋生物质量评价标准"和《海洋生物质量》评价标准,且石油烃含量较低。但是在部分样品中铜、锌和镉的含量较高。 相似文献
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国内外有关海洋生物重金属的报告很多,但一般所涉及的生物种类与测定的样次都非常有限,很难达到统计学处理的数量要求。因此,要比较科学地探明重金属在海洋生物中的含量变化规律是困难的。我们对南海海洋生物的重金属含量进行了长期而广泛的调查,从种类与数量上看,据不完全统计,取得了包括67科171种鱼类、8科21种甲壳类、23科60种软体动物以及棘皮动物中的海参和海洋植物中的紫菜等1496个生物样品的调查数据,本文将对这些调查资料进行统计学处理,并在此基础上提出初步的分析结果与应用意见。 相似文献
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中国海洋生物多样性研究取得了丰硕的成果。目前,生物多样性科研管理被视作行政管理的一个部分,主要采用课题负责制,以科研项目为单位进行统一管理。该管理模式已不能满足科研管理的专业需求,造成了海洋生物多样性科研管理的不连续性,不仅不利于科研人员把握生物多样性的研究现状,更不利于科研材料、数据和成果的后续利用及延续。文章将生物多样性科研管理的内容分为项目进程资料、数据资料、图像资料、样品及标本、成果资料,对每部分的内容和管理方法进行了阐述。建议建立一个以生物多样性专业为单位的科研管理队伍、管理机制和管理系统,通过管理系统存储和管理本研究队伍中现行和历史的各项目的项目进程资料、图像、数据、样品及标本、成果资料,打破单一科研项目的束缚,实现海洋生物多样性科研的横向、纵向全覆盖管理,并实现科研团队的资源共享。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献