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1.
在海水pH(7—8)条件下,硫主要呈HS~-离子存在。海水中硫化物的测定方法有比色法、离子选择性电极法和阴极溶出伏安法等。比色法测定的灵敏度较低,离子选择性电极可直接测定1×10~(-6)M的硫化物浓度,若与预富集法相结合测定的硫化物的最低浓度为10~(-9)M。近年来,冯建兴等人应用微库仑计测定了淡水水体中超痕重的硫化物’检出下限可达0.2ppb。但尚未见到用微库仑计测定海水硫化物的报 相似文献
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对臭氧总残留氧化物(TRO)常用3种检测方法(碘化钾-N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺(KI-DPD)分光光度法、硼酸碘化钾(H3BO3-KI)比色法、靛蓝二磺酸钠(IDS)分光光度法)进行了比较研究。结果表明:在0~0.5 mg/L的TRO浓度范围内,KI-DPD分光光度法和H3BO3-KI比色法线性关系良好,检出限分别为0.040 mg/L和0.034 mg/L,并且这两种测定方法的准确性和重复性较佳,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%,低于传统碘量法;而IDS分光光度法只有在高浓度臭氧海水样品(0.6~1.2 mg/L)检测时,RSD才小于5.0%,且测定浓度明显低于另外两种方法。故对于海水养殖水体中的TRO检测,KI-DPD分光光度法和H3BO3-KI比色法均准确有效,并且H3BO3-KI比色法在检测操作上更为简便快捷。 相似文献
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海岸带盐度过渡区域水体中氮、磷的准确测定对陆海统筹及海岸带管理起着至关重要的作用。为探究盐度对氮、磷测定准确度的影响,进而明确河口海岸带淡水-咸水盐度过渡区不同形式氮、磷测定方法的选择依据,分别采用淡水和海水的相关国家标准方法,测定不同盐度下不同质量浓度氮、磷的人工海水和天然海水水样中氨氮、亚硝氮、总氮、活性磷酸盐和总磷的质量浓度。结果表明,盐度对某些氮、磷的淡水法和海水法测定结果有一定程度的影响。对氨氮的测定,当S≤4.0时淡水法或海水法均可准确测定水体中的氨氮,S>4.0时应对水样进行pH 调整预处理后用海水法进行测定;对亚硝氮的测定,淡水法和海水法的测定结果无明显差异;对总氮的测定,当S≤5.0时应采用操作简单、测定准确的淡水法测定,S>5.0时应采用海水法。对水体中的活性磷酸盐的测定,在低盐低磷(S≤35.0且ρPO3-4 ≤0.2mg·L-1)的情况下盐度对淡水法和海水法测定结果的影响微乎其微,而对于高盐高磷(S>35.0且ρPO3-4 > 0.2mg·L-1)的水样选择灵敏度更高的海水法测定更准确;对总磷的测定,选取海水法测定准确度更高。研究结果为海岸带水体不同形式氮、磷质量浓度的准确测定与方法选择提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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王勇强 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(4)
探讨次氯酸钙和二氯异氰尿酸钠两种代表性含氯消毒药物,为含氯消毒剂应用于细菌性虾病的防治提供理论依据。实验表明:有效氯在海水中的丧失随温度上升、pH值下降而加速。常见对虾病原菌对有效氯非常敏感,有机物增加、pH值上升使杀菌率下降。两种药物对实验中国对虾的48h半致死浓度为2.74～2.88mg/L有效氯。长期施以高于安全浓度的药物对实验虾之存活率、增长率等指标无不良影响,施药组发病率远远低于对照组。 相似文献
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南海东北部海水中N2O分布与产生机制的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2004年9月18—10月4日调查了南海东北部海水中氧化亚氮(N2O)浓度。表层海水中的N2O浓度平均值为8.40±0.79 nmol.L-1,饱和度平均为123%±11.6%,是大气N2O的源。不同区域表层海水中的N2O浓度存在明显差异,在水深200m层呈现南高、北低的分布特征。各层次海水中的N2O浓度均处于过饱和状态,N2O浓度由海水表层到底层呈上升趋势。ΔN2O与AOU间有显著的正线性相关性,说明海洋内部的硝化作用是产生N2O的主要机制。N2O的海-气通量平均值为0.72±0.36μmol.(m2.d)-1。 相似文献
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控释海水植物肥中氮、磷的测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评价控释肥的肥效，探讨、建立了相应的氮、磷测定方法。用硫酸作消解剂，消解液可以同时被用来测定氮、磷。钼锑抗坏血酸络合物作为显色剂，用紫外可见分光光度计测定磷的浓度；用改良式微量凯氏定氮蒸馏滴定法测定氮的含量。该方法灵敏、准确，易操作。用海水浸泡自制的控释海水植物肥样品(编号：MRF-0201．中速型)，运用建立的氮、磷测定方法测定浸取液中的氮、磷含量，实验证明该方法可以用于研究控释海水植物肥在海水中的氮、磷的化学动力学行为。 相似文献
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物质海 -气通量计算新建议中将物质海 -气通量计算公式 F=K(CL- b Cg)中的 CL 用CL ( SML ) 代替。本文着重于对公式中质量迁移系数 K的讨论。在测定了海水微表层、次表层水粘度并同时测定了其它一些化学参量基础上 ,得出如下结论 :海水粘度与盐度、碱度有一定相关性 ;微表层与次表层海水的粘度变化小于 3%。因此 ,海水微表层效应影响 K值 ,与海水微表层效应影响物质浓度相比 ,可以不考虑。 相似文献
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本文选择酒石酸消除海水基体对铜信号的干扰,用塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定海水中的铜。从Cu的原子化曲线可知,加入酒石酸后,背景值减小,Cu原子吸收信号增强,且出现时间提前,表明酒石酸是有效的海水基体改进剂。用P.E.Z3030光谱仪测得双蒸水及海水中的元素Cu的特征质量(m。)分别为12.5pg及12.7pg;检测限分别为0.18μg/L和0.19μg/L,表明基体效应已消除,符合海洋监测要求。可用纯Cu标准溶液作校正曲线,以国家海洋局的两个标准海水样品中的Cu评定本法的准确度,相对偏差为0及-4.6%,与经典的经富集后的FAAS法的结果相比,相对偏差在3.0—6.5％范围内。用不同类型的光谱仪测定了30个海水样品,回收率在89—104％范围内。本法操作简便、快速。 相似文献
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本文首次采用 Nafion和 Co(salen) /Nafion修饰铂电极测定海水中的 NO,对实验条件进行了选择 ,确定了最佳实验条件 ,即反应池通氮除氧 30 min,富集时间为 4min。同时用线性扫描法对海水中的 NO进行测定 ,测得海水中 NO的浓度与氧化峰电流之间有一定线性关系。对 Nafion修饰电极而言 ,线性范围 1～ 76.9μmol/L,R2 =0 .991 6,检出限为 1 μmol/L。同时对 2种方法修饰的铂电极进行了比较 ,即当 NO浓度在 1 0 -6mol/L数量级时 2种电极基本上无差别 ,而在 1 0 -7mol/L数量级时 Co(salen) /Nafion修饰电极要明显优于 Nafion修饰电极 相似文献
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海水苦卤中可溶性糖的测定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
建立了一种海水苦卤中可溶性糖的测定方法。研究确定了苯酚-硫酸法测定海水苦卤样品中可溶性糖的最佳实验条件。在加入苯酚60mg、90℃水浴加热20min的条件下,显色体系在490nm处的吸光度达到最佳值,糖的浓度在1—100μg.ml-1范围内符合比尔定律,线性相关系数为0.999 7。该方法具有简便、快速、稳定性好、干扰因素少的特点,且样品基本无需预处理。用所拟方法对广东省徐闻县盐场制盐苦卤中的可溶性糖进行测定,相对标准偏差为1.73%(n=6),加标回收率在94.80%—102.70%之间,结果满意。应用该方法还成功测定了生态型人工海水添加剂———苦卤提取物中糖的含量。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献