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1.
林婉妮  王诺  吴暖 《海洋科学》2018,42(3):46-52
不同海域所面对的污染风险及各自生态系统服务价值均不相同,因而在环保资金有限的情况下,应制定更有针对性的管理优先级和环境保护策略。文中以我国渤海为例,分别对渤海内各不同海湾的污染风险和海洋生态系统服务价值进行了评估。研究结果表明,辽东湾的管理优先级最高,其余依次是莱州湾和渤海湾。在此基础上,提出了针对不同海湾特点的管理策略。文中提出的方法和思路对于如何有效制定海洋环境保护策略具有重要的应用价值和借鉴意义。  相似文献   

2.
晁晖  刘欣 《海洋预报》2013,30(3):86-91
归纳了海洋生态系统及其服务功能的概念内涵,针对近海生态系统提供的功能进行了讨论。总结了关于海洋生态系统服务的价值评价方法并对其进行分类汇总,按照千年生态系统评估报告的分类标准,将生态系统功能分成四大类,分别为:供给功能、调节功能、文化功能和支持功能,在此基础上得出海洋生态系统综合评价的指标并将各类生态系统价值化,为以后的海洋生态价值评估工作提供科学依据和数据支持。  相似文献   

3.
加拿大是世界上最早进行海洋综合立法的国家,也是最早制定国家行动计划来保护海洋环境陆源活动污染的国家。在联邦环境保护法和海洋法的基础上,形成了联邦和地方政府密切合作的海洋环境保护规制与政策实施体系,以海洋可持续发展为目标,预防性方法为原则,协调联邦与地方政府的管理职责,通过"海洋环境质量"计划与海洋保护区网络发展计划,实现海洋资源开发与海洋环境保护的协调发展。  相似文献   

4.
加拿大是世界上最早进行海洋综合立法的国家,也是最早制定国家行动计划来保护海洋环境陆源活动污染的国家.在联邦环境保护法和海洋法的基础上,形成了联邦和地方政府密切合作的海洋环境保护规制与政策实施体系,以海洋可持续发展为目标,预防性方法为原则,协调联邦与地方政府的管理职责,通过"海洋环境质量"计划与海洋保护区网络发展计划,实现海洋资源开发与海洋环境保护的协调发展.  相似文献   

5.
区域海洋生态系统服务功能价值及其贡献率   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文以大连市为例,将大连市的城市生态系统划分为绿地、城市"黄色"用地和海洋3大类,并对其服务功能价值及其贡献率进行研究。结果显示:2003年大连市海洋生态系统服务功能价值达2366.17亿元,贡献率为94.40%,说明大连市海洋生态系统的服务功能价值最大。  相似文献   

6.
为推动我国国土空间规划新视角下的海洋空间规划实践,提升我国海洋综合管理水平,文章概述基于生态系统的挪威海海洋环境综合管理计划的主要内容,并重点分析挪威海的海洋环境空间管理措施。研究结果表明:挪威海海洋环境综合管理计划是基于生态系统的海洋空间规划,建立在良好的海洋环境状况和海洋生物多样性与其栖息地的保护基础之上,以可持续利用海洋资源来实现海洋产业的价值创造与生态系统服务供给;该管理计划制定一系列海洋环境保护措施和人类活动空间管理措施,以实现挪威海海洋环境的有效保护和海洋经济产业的有效管理;挪威海海洋空间规划的发展可为我国国土空间规划涉海内容的编制、海洋资源的可持续利用与海洋产业的快速健康发展提供重要参考。  相似文献   

7.
文章着重构建了广东省海洋生态环境质量评价的指标体系和模糊综合评价模型,提出评价标准,指出制约因子,并从污染源头控制、综合整治、执法监管和公民环境保护意识等4个方面提出了一系列广东省海洋生态环境保护的措施和建议,以期为决策层提供参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
采用单因子指数法及模糊综合评价方法对2011年天津疏浚物海洋倾倒区的水质数据进行评价,得出结论:天津疏浚物海洋倾倒区水质总体符合第一类海水水质标准,Pb、石油类为该海域主要污染物,倾倒区各污染物指标满足天津市海洋环境保护规划对倾倒区水质的相关规定。通过比较发现:单因子指数法适用于对单个污染因子的污染程度进行统计,模糊综合评价法则适用于对整体监测结果进行评价。  相似文献   

9.
从介绍以生态系统为基础的海洋管理模式的概念及由来出发,浅谈了对海洋环境保护的生态伦理观、海洋生态系统单行法及尊重海洋生态系统制定海洋环境保护管理体制的看法.  相似文献   

10.
近几年海洋溢油事件频发,对滨海地区旅游环境造成了严重的污染。针对滨海旅游区的溢油现象进行定量评价,寻求合理的评价方案是当前相关领域专家学者普遍关注的问题。本文根据滨海旅游区生态系统的特性,以滨海旅游区的海水水质、岸滩环境和溢油危害为评价内容,构建滨海旅游区溢油污染评价指标体系和滨海旅游区溢油污染综合评价模型,并且基于GIS技术进行了系统架构设计与实现。通过模拟海洋溢油事件,对该系统进行了测试。测试结果表明:该系统能够对溢油区的污染等级做出快速评价。本研究为滨海旅游区的溢油污染评价提供了新的方法,该系统能够辅助相关部门管理溢油相关的综合信息,在溢油发生时快速反应,采取应急措施。  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

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18.
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

20.
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