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1.
根据2006年8月、2007年1、5、11月在舟山渔场及邻近海域(29°30′—32°00′N,127°E以西)开展海洋生态系统综合调查所获得的游泳动物调查资料,用渔获率作为鱼类资源分布的数量指标,对舟山渔场及邻近海域的鱼类种类组成、数量分布、季节变化趋势作了定量分析。结果表明,舟山渔场及邻近海域鱼类种类约有139种,隶属14目、56科、105属,其中日本红娘鱼、绿鳍鱼、六丝矛尾虎鱼、细条天竺鱼、海鳗、黑、星康吉鳗、小黄鱼、前肛鳗、短吻舌鳎、棘头梅童鱼等25种鱼类占鱼类总渔获量的84.18%,是调查海域桁杆拖网的主要捕捞鱼类,而其它种类的渔获量较少。不同季节的经济鱼类渔获物组成相差较大,而优势种种类组成变化较少。渔获量高峰期主要出现在夏季,从不同区域的渔获率分布趋势来看,春、夏、秋季的鱼类渔获率都以江外渔场最高,其次是长江口渔场,舟山渔场居第三,而杭州湾河口区的鱼类渔获率明显偏低。冬季鱼类渔获率分布趋势与春夏秋季不同,以长江口渔场为最高,其次是舟山渔场,而江外渔场和杭州湾河口区渔获率明显偏低。与以往(20世纪60年代初)调查结果相比,舟山渔场及邻近海域鱼类种数组成、种群动态及群落结构都发生了很大的变化。 相似文献
2.
南海头足类资源丰富 ,文献报道的种类有 89种。在水深 40m以浅海域分布数量较多的种类为杜氏枪乌贼Loligoduvaucelii(Orbigny) ,在水深 40m以深海域分布数量较多的种类为中国枪乌贼L .chinensis(Gray)。渔汛期为夏、秋季。统计历年生产资料表明 ,头足类的年产量和占渔获物比例有逐年上升的趋势。随着底拖网捕捞技术的提高 ,头足类的密度指数有所增加 ,但并不说明头足类的资源就很丰富。若不注意合理开发利用 ,将导致头足类资源的衰退。限制和废除损害头足类资源的渔具十分重要。 相似文献
3.
东海头足类的数量分布与可持续利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1994年6月～1996年5月和2004～2006年对东海大陆架25°30′N～33°30′N,128°00′E以西海域调查资料,对头足类的数量分布进行研究.结果表明:头足类数量分布高峰期出现在夏季,渔获率为26.9 kg·h-1,其次是秋季,为16. 5 kg·h-1,春季最低,只有8.7 kg·h-1.其渔获量分布以6～12月密度较高,密集中心出现在舟山渔场东南部和鱼山渔场、温台渔场外侧水深80～100 m海域.东海实施伏季底拖网休渔制度后,头足类产卵场得到保护,但头足类夏季高峰失去利用,渔获率下降了14. 7%.建议调整作业结构,调整捕捞季节,在夏季高峰季节发展光诱作业和鱿钓作业,上半年进行养护,集中在下半年进行利用,以提高头足类资源的产业效益. 相似文献
4.
根据2019年4、5、8和10月在葫芦岛沿岸海域获取的4个航次的渔业资源调查数据，研究了葫芦岛沿岸海域渔业资源的群落结构和资源丰度的时空分布特征。结果表明：2019年调查共获得渔业资源种类42种，其中鱼类隶属于5目13科共21种，均属于硬骨鱼类，头足类4种，甲壳类17种。渔业资源优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)。全年渔业资源多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)和物种丰富度指数(D)平均值分别为1.96、0.62和1.01,多样性指数以10月最高，其次为5月和4月，8月最低。调查海域渔获种类组成主要为虾类和鱼类，头足类和蟹类所占比例较小。渔业资源丰度月变化明显，8月最大为27 772 g/h,其次10月为7 856 g/h, 4月和5月最小，分别为1 164 g/h和1 542 g/h。渔业资源丰度随月份不同呈现不同的空间变化，从春季到秋季，资源丰度高值呈现由北部沿岸向南部移动的特点。本研究旨在为葫芦岛近岸水域渔业资源的合理开发和保护提供科学... 相似文献
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6.
2006年7月—2007年11月对广东湛江、大亚湾和汕头海域角毛藻的种类多样性、优势种群构成、细胞丰度、地理分布及其季节动态进行了4个季节的调查分析。调查期间,在上述海域共发现角毛藻40种(含变种、变型、2个未知角毛藻种),其中扁面角毛藻(Chaetoceros compressus)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus)、拟旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)和窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)等为优势种,且均为赤潮种。湛江海域角毛藻细胞丰度夏季远高于其他3个季节,而种类数则以冬季为多。大亚湾和汕头海域角毛藻的种类数和细胞丰度则是春季最高,冬季最低。湛江、大亚湾和汕头海域角毛藻细胞丰度的年平均值分别为602.31×106个/m3、49.89×106个/m3和1 032.11×106个/m3。各海域细胞丰度的地理分布因季节而异。整体而言,大亚湾海域的角毛藻是种类数较多,而细胞丰度较低;而湛江和汕头海域的角毛藻则种类数较少,但是细胞丰度很高,表明其群落结构不稳定。 相似文献
7.
采用底层拖网方法,以渔获率作为鱼类资源分布的数量指标,进行了南麂列岛岛礁区域2011年4月、8月、11月和2012年3月4个季节的鱼类种类组成、数量分布以及时空变化研究。结果表明:(1)调查海域鱼类有69种,鱼类种数夏季>秋季>冬季>春季;(2)六指马鲅、海鳗、棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、白姑鱼、、中颌棱鳀、六丝钝尾虎鱼等15种鱼占鱼类总渔获量的89.13%,是调查海域底层拖网的主要捕捞鱼类;(3)不同季节的鱼类渔获量组成相差较大,优势种季节演替现象明显;(4)渔获率的季节变化明显,渔获率夏秋季明显高于冬春季,夏秋季渔获率较高的区域一般在调查海域西北方向的开阔海域。 相似文献
8.
本研究以1986—2016年珠江口海域游泳动物调查资料为基础,统计分析了近30年珠江口海域游泳动物经济物种群落结构变化特征及主要经济物种渔获率之间的相关性分析。结果表明:2000年以前和2000年以后珠江口海域游泳动物经济物种群落结构差异明显,2000年以前游泳动物经济物种种类数量显著高于2000年以后(F=6.711,n=1,p=0.0170.05)。2000年以前主要游泳动物经济物种有蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)、蛇鲻(Saurida filamentosa)、金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus)、鲐(Scomber japonicus)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)、灰鲳(Pampus cinereus)以及头足类,其中蓝圆鲹、蛇鲻、金线鱼等10种物种渔获率之间表现为显著相关(p0.05); 2000年以后的主要经济物种有周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri)、脊尾白虾(Palaemon carinicauda)、日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)、直额蟳(Charybdist runcata)、凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、锐齿蟳(Charybdis acuta)、亨氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hungerfordi)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria),主要渔获率均表现为显著相关(p0.05)。2000年以前与2000年以后仅有4种优势经济物种相同,游泳动物经济物种群落结构发生了明显变化。 相似文献
9.
根据2006～2007年南海北部海区4季的调查资料，分析该海区软骨鱼类的种类组成和资源密度的分布．结果表明，软骨鱼类有32种，分隶于9目17科，优势种为斑鳐、曾氏兔银鲛、褐黄扁缸、橙黄鲨；渔获率D断面最高（10．19kg／h），B断面最低（4．52kg／h）；渔获率有明显的季节变动，夏季最高（12．16kg／h），秋季最低（3．71kg／h），平均渔获率为7．05kg／h；密集分布于180m和140m水深处；其年均资源密度为94．00kg／km^2．文中并讨论合理利用和保护该类群的措施． 相似文献
10.
南海头足类资源开发利用研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
蝻海头足类资源丰富,献报道的种类有８９种。在水深４０ｍ以浅海域分布数量较多的种类为杜氏枪乌贼Ｌｏｌｉｇｏ ｄｕｕａｕｃｅｌｉｉ（Ｏｒｂｉｇｎｙ）,在水深４０ｍ以深海域分布数量较多的种类为中国枪乌贼Ｌ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｇｒａｙ）。渔讯期为夏、科季。统计历年生产资料表明,头足类的年产量和占渔获物比例有逐年上升的趋势。随着底拖网捕捞技术的提高,头足类的密度指数有所增加,但并不说明头足类的资料就很丰 相似文献
11.
We report the results from a 250 km long transect, from the Danish coast to the North Sea at 55°30′ N, which was sampled every
32 km in order to study the composition and distribution of phytoplankton, and their dependence on the distance from the coast,
depth and other environmental factors. Altogether 144 species of algae were identified by light, epifluorescence and electron
microscopy. Some ecological preferences were found on the basis of measured environmental parameters and compared with the
literature. Possible controlling mechanisms for the distribution patterns of the plankton algae were analyzed by multivariate
statistics. Only distance from the coast was found to be a significant factor for algal distribution along the transect. Three
main areas of the transect were found: the coastal, middle and oceanic areas. Diatoms, mainly the centric ones, were the most
abundant group of algae. The other less abundant groups were Dinophyceae, Dictyochophyceae, Prasinophyceae and Chlorophyceae.
The pattern of distribution of diatoms and dinophytes along the transect was more or less similar, with larger numbers of
cells found close to both the eastern and western parts of the transect, although the species composition was different. Some
species were found to prefer coastal waters, other species were characterized as oceanic, and several species were found at
all stations. Porosira glacialis showed an atypical distribution along the transect, with highest abundances at both coastal and oceanic stations. 相似文献
12.
Spatial variability of intertidal rocky shore assemblages in the northwest coast of Portugal 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. Araújo I. Brbara I. Sousa-Pinto V. Quintino 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,64(4):658-670
The spatial variability of rocky shore assemblages of the northwest Portuguese coast was studied in a total of 12 transects, visited twice between March and August 2003. Each transect was positioned from the upper to the lower shore and four replicate samples (50 × 50 cm) were taken at each visually identified assemblage. Multivariate analysis was used to test the null hypothesis of no significant differences among assemblages located on different heights along the transect and among assemblages located at the same height on different transects. The distribution pattern of organisms along the height was not consistent across transects and significant variability could be found in assemblages located at the same height on the shore. Globally, the variability from the lower to the upper shore (vertical axis) was larger than from transect to transect (horizontal axis) but the distribution pattern along height was clearer in sheltered transects than in exposed ones. The heterogeneity in composition between the visually identified assemblages, within the same transect, was, however, the major source of variability in the study area. In the rocky intertidal northwest coast of Portugal, where tidal amplitude is broad and extremely wave-exposed sites are scarce, height above chart datum was the most important factor determining the distribution and species composition of the assemblages. However, variability along the horizontal axis was also significant and should be considered in studies of spatial patterns of distribution of organisms within this area. 相似文献
13.
《Oceanologica Acta》2003,26(3):255-268
Data collected during cruises of the Former Soviet Union (in 1963–1989) and the British Atlantic meridional transect program (in 1995–1999) were used to analyse macroscale patterns in phyto- and zooplankton biomass, size structure, species diversity, chlorophyll a, and plankton bioluminescence in the macroscale anticyclonic gyre of the South Atlantic Ocean. The spatial pattern of bioluminescence intensity was in good agreement with that of remotely sensed (CZCS) chlorophyll a, phosphate, salinity, and copepod species diversity index distributions especially in terms of geographic inclinations of the isolines, both associated with the north-westward pattern off the South equatorial current. Among the 416 copepod species recorded in samples, 51 species were noted throughout the whole gyre. On the other hand, there were a number of species found only in one of the currents. The mesozooplankton biomass size spectra (calculated in carbon units), exhibited a fairly stable slope of the curve from the eastern periphery of the gyre to its centre. The British Atlantic meridional transect program meridional transect through the western part of the gyre showed mesozooplankton size spectra in greater detail between the equator and 50° S. Although the spectra change slowly along the transect as far as 36° S, there is a general trend toward increasing slopes from the equatorial region to the oligotrophic central gyre. The calculated phyto-to-zooplankton ratio indicated that for the tropical anticyclonic gyres, the mesozooplankton carbon biomass could be represented as the exponential function of the phytoplankton carbon. 相似文献
14.
Michael G. Simpson 《Marine environmental research》1992,34(1-4)
As part of a joint workshop organised by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) on biological effects monitoring techniques. dad (Limanda limanda) were examined from six spaced stations along a 200 km transect extending from near the mouth of the Elbe River out to the Dogger Bank in the North Sea. Based on historical data, differences in contaminant concentrations in sediments exist along the transect (lipophilic organic xenobiotics at the inshore sites and heavy metals offshore over the Dogger Bank). The most contaminated site sampled was the most inshore, the least contaminated was approximately midway along the transect, with contamination building up again over the farthest point along the transect, over the Dogger Bank. Multiple organs and tissues were examined for full pathology from each fish sampled. Only liver data are presented here (11–20 livers per station). The most significant lesions were considered to be well-developed foci of cellular alteration, high mitotic activity and high neutral lipid accumulation in livers from dab sampled from the most inshore site examined. Livers from the least-contaminated station showed minimal evidence of such changes. Foci of cellular alteration and neutral lipid accumulation were also seen in dab liver sampled from fish from the Dogger Bank site. Thus far, the hepatic changes seen correlate well with the most contaminated sites along the transect. The value of comprehensively examining the histopathology of an organ of toxicological significance, such as the liver in a European species of flatfish, is demonstrated. 相似文献
15.
Stefania Puce Giorgio Bavestrello Cristina Gioia Di Camillo & Ferdinando Boero 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(3):313-326
Marine hydroids are markedly seasonal in temperate seas, being extremely sensitive to climatic changes disrupting seasonal patterns. Modifications in the composition, seasonality, bathymetric distribution and reproductive period of hydroid assemblages are useful to evaluate the influence of global warming on the marine ecosystem. The hydroids on the rocky cliff of the Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea, Italy) were carefully studied between 1976 and 1983; in particular, in 1980 the study was carried out along a vertical transect. The hydroids were sampled again throughout 2004, with the same techniques and along the same transect. Species diversity decreased slightly in the 2004 survey. Some species present in 1980 had disappeared in 2004, but other species with southern affinity, never recorded from the area, became abundant in 2004. Species that were present in summer in the first period were also present in winter in the second one. Furthermore, shallow summer species widened their bathymetric distribution, reaching deeper levels. These data strongly suggest that the Portofino hydroid assemblage reacted to the water temperature increase found in the Mediterranean Sea. 相似文献
16.
Suzan S. Pool Richard D. Brodeur N. Lynn Goodman Elizabeth A. Daly 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
The Juan de Fuca Eddy is a seasonal, counter-clockwise gyre off the mouth of the Strait of Juan de Fuca between Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada that may provide favorable feeding habitat for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during their early marine existence. In late September 2002, physical and biological sampling was conducted along two transects of the eddy region. Surface rope trawling was conducted to capture juvenile salmon and other nekton, along with bongo and neuston net tows to examine potential mesozooplanktonic salmon prey. Presence of the Juan de Fuca Eddy was confirmed with vertical water profiles. In addition, nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations collected from 3-m depth were within the range observed in previous studies within the eddy region. In the mesozooplankton community, euphausiids, chaetognaths, and decapod megalopae were common. In the diet of juvenile coho salmon, euphausiids and decapod megalopae were dominant by percent number, and larval and juvenile fish were dominant by percent weight. Feeding intensity (percent body weight) based on stomach contents was variable, but not significantly different among stations. To compare the Juan de Fuca Eddy region with an upwelling area, we sampled along a transect off La Push (LP), Washington, USA which is south of the eddy. The eddy region was found to be less productive than the LP transect. Nutrients were lower, chlorophyll a concentrations were higher, and zooplankton abundance was generally higher along the LP transect than in the eddy region. In addition, more juvenile coho salmon were captured from the LP transect than the eddy region. Prey items in stomachs of salmon from the LP transect were heterogeneous compared to those from the eddy region. Feeding intensity along the LP transect was slightly lower and more variable than in the eddy region, and differences in feeding intensity among LP stations were significant. In addition, feeding intensities among stations nested within regions were significantly different. 相似文献
17.
Abstract. The community structure of hard and soft corals, with an emphasis on hard corals, was determined by means of line-transects on 9 on-and off-shore reefs of different type and different wave exposure in the Northern Red Sea near Hurghada in Egypt. Coral communities were found to differentiate along a horizontal wind- and wave-exposure gradient. Exposed communities were dominated by Acropora species, sheltered communities by Porites species, and semi-exposed communities by Millepora species. Also, vertical within-reef zonations following a depth gradient were observed; these were unique for each exposure-determined community type. Average transect diversity was highest on semi-exposed reefs, lowest on sheltered reefs. Reef slopes were more diverse than other reef zones. The observed community structure was compared with data from the literature, and widely distributed, roughly comparable hard and soft coral communities were identified. 相似文献
18.
Nicole A. Dijkman Henricus T.S. Boschker Lucas J. Stal Jacco C. Kromkamp 《Journal of Sea Research》2010,63(1):62-70
The beaches of the North Sea barrier island Schiermonnikoog (The Netherlands) are covered by microbial mats. Five types of microbial mats were distinguished based on a variety of characteristics, located along a transect perpendicular to the coast. Biomass abundance and composition of the microbial community were analyzed in these mats using pigments and phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA) as biomarkers. Biomass per gram sediment increased more than six-fold from the mats at the low water mark to mats found at the edge of the dunes. Microscopic analysis revealed that the increase in biomass was accompanied by a change in species composition. Pigment- and PLFA composition reflected the changes in species composition. The PLFA data could be used to estimate the relative group abundance using the matrix factorization program CHEMTAX., whereas the pigment data were found not to be suitable for this purpose. 相似文献
19.
海草床是海岸带最富生产力的生态系统之一，支撑着各种各样的伴生生物。热带的印度和太平洋地区被认为拥有海草植物种类多样性最高，且分布面积最广，然而，这个区域的海草床大型底栖生物我们知之甚少。为了填补认知的空白，我们在该区域开展了一项生态调查，旨在描述该区热带海草床大型底栖生物的丰度和多样性，以及确定大型底栖生物丰度、物种丰富度和群落结构是否明显存在断面内的站间变化和样地间变化。2014年5月和2015年10月我们分别在北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸开展野外工作，使用柱状取样器采集海草床大型底栖生物样品。所得样品共计鉴定14大类149种底栖生物，种类最为丰富的类别为多毛类（56种，占26%的总个体数），十足类（20种，占9%的总个体数）和端足类（18种，占35%的总个体数）。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物表现出不同的空间分布模式。在东海岸，同一断面的大型底栖生物和端足类的丰度存在显著的站间差异；而在西海岸，大型底栖生物和多毛类的种类丰富度和丰度都表现出明显的站间变化，这可能归结于同一断面底质不均所造成。单因素ANOSIM以及MDS排序表明了北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落结构存在显著不同，正好对应于将海草床分成两大类型的栖息地，即西海岸的红树林-海草床-珊瑚连续体和东海岸的海草床-珊瑚连续体。与在热带海区开展的其他研究相比，本研究的大型底栖生物丰度和多样性处于中等水平。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落存在显著区别，其原因可能源于多方面，包括了沉积物模式，海草床结构和时间变化。 相似文献
20.
西沙群岛造礁石珊瑚群落结构的再分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
近几年来,我们多次对西沙群岛珊瑚礁作了生态调查,对西沙群岛的岛、礁有了一定的认识,对造礁石珊瑚群落结构也进行了概括的报导[1],为了进一步认识和了解西沙群岛,我们又于1976年4—5月选择处于西沙群岛西南隅的沙岛——中建岛,和位于西沙群岛东北面绿树成林的赵树岛作重点解剖,对造礁石珊瑚群落结构做了进一步的分析,以期为发展和利用珊瑚礁做一点有用的工作。 相似文献