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1.
为了获得海洋温差下朗肯循环系统的最高净输出,对27℃温海水、5℃冷海水条件下,25~23℃蒸发温度、5~9℃冷凝温度之间各工况的朗肯循环进行了理论分析和数值模拟,得到了系统效率与蒸发温度、冷凝温度之间的变化规律,以及不同温差和换热端差下净输出、循环海水流量、换热器换热面积等因素的变化规律,结果表明随着蒸发温度的下降和冷凝温度的升高系统的效率相应的得到了提高,在一定的温差下系统有最佳的净输出。上述研究对温差能发电系统的工况选取及优化具有良好的实用性和指导意义。  相似文献   

2.
受专利保护和技术封锁的制约,海洋温差能发电关键技术及设备国产化问题亟待解决。以建造大型温差能发电平台为背景,通过建立朗肯循环OTEC发电系统仿真模型,对比分析R717、R13a和R600工质发电系统性能参数,探索装机规模对热效率和单位换热面积发电量的影响,为大型OTEC发电系统建造提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明:R717系统在蒸发器和冷凝器热负荷以及工质方面均优于R134a和R600系统。相同装机功率下,R717工质的循环和系统热效率均最大。增加装机规模有助于提升系统的热效率和单位换热面积发电量。R717系统热效率最大,单位换热面积发电量在合适的范围内,是海洋温差发电系统较为理想的循环工质。  相似文献   

3.
实密度是影响轮机获能特性的关键因素之一。文中以卧式轮机实密度为基变量,以其获能系数为主要考察点,对3种实密度卧式轮机进行水槽实验方案设计和水动力性能研究。实验分别对水流流速、轮机旋转角速度、主轴转矩以及功率进行测量,并对其对主轴的扭矩、轮机的获能系数以及叶片的旋转特性进行定量分析,最终证实了该卧式轮机的单一运行特性。通过绘制基于实密度的轮机转矩—转角曲线、获能系数—尖速比曲线和轮机功率—尖速比曲线,阐明了实密度影响卧式轮机获能水动力性能的规律,即其获能系数和发电功率都随着工况速比呈先增后降趋势。实密度较低轮机因浪流流失而获得能量小,但实密度过高轮机会导致叶片间湍流涌动,加速叶片失速特性而影响轮机获能。这为卧式浪流轮机结构优化提供了可靠依据和借鉴。  相似文献   

4.
构建海洋温差能发电系统仿真平台,对于开展该领域的技术研究具有重要意义。本文介绍了海洋温差能发电系统仿真平台研发技术,包括仿真系统热力循环模型和海水输送模型的构建、仿真平台的技术框架、仿真系统的特点及功能等,详细介绍朗肯循环各热力学过程的仿真计算模型,并利用该仿真平台分别计算了朗肯循环下9 种不同工质在海洋温差能发电系统中的运行效率,比较了它们之间的性能差异,给出了不同装机容量下的工质流量、温海水流量、冷海水流量及蒸发器、冷凝器的热负荷计算值。该成果为海洋温差能研究提供了一个有价值的仿真试验研究平台。  相似文献   

5.
在冰脊的固结过程中,由于接触面积与温差的大幅提升,冰水之间的换热强度显著增强。本文通过浸没试验对自然对流条件下冰水间的换热系数进行了研究。在试验过程中,对试样内部的温度分布与体积变化分别用温度梯度测试系统与数字图像进行测量。为研究初始条件对换热系数的影响,分别采用不同初始温度与厚度的试样在瞬态热传导的环境下进行测试。试验结果表明,换热系数与表面温差呈指数增长,且在本文试验条件下的变化区间为0.3~175 W/(m2·K)。试样的初始温度及厚度并不是影响换热系数的直接因素,而其根本因素为流-固界面的边界层状态。在自然对流状态下流体的驱动条件是热胀效应,即当边界层存在温度差时,虽然外界并不存在扰动流体状态的因素,但由于液体自身温差引起的密度差进而驱动流体运动并影响了换热系数。随着边界层温度梯度的增加,边界层的影响区域扩大,从而导致了较高的换热系数。  相似文献   

6.
针对研制的一种小型温差能发电样机,开展了样机在海水中运动特性的仿真分析工作。建立了力学分析模型,分析了样机在海水压力作用下的体积变形情况;考察了南海海域海水密度分布特性,结合样机受压体积变形分析结果,分析了发电样机在不同水深的浮力特性;在此基础上,对样机在海水中的升降运动进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,研制的样机能够实现下潜至设计深度。结合温差换热技术条件,确定了按300 m水深处的排水量来施加配重的技术条件。  相似文献   

7.
潮流发电帆翼式柔性叶片水轮机实验研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
潮流发电水轮机是海洋潮流能发电系统的核心组成部分.帆翼式柔性叶片水轮机是一种全新水流发电装置,叶片由柔性材料制成,在流体力作用下自动调节攻角,能充分利用流体的升力和阻力效应做功.以帆翼式柔性叶片水轮机获能系数为研究目标,采用因次分析法初步分析可能影响获能系数的因素,通过模型实验对叶片弧弦比、叶片边弦比、叶片密度与获能系数的关系进行研究.不同结构形式转子存在不同叶片弧弦比最佳值,叶片边弦比愈大,获能能力愈强;在一定范围内,叶片密度较小时,获能与起转能力强,转速波动性较大,适用于低流速工况;反之获能与起转能力弱,稳定性较好,电能质量较高,适用于高流速工况.最后提出优化方案,实验证实优化后水轮机在获能能力和发电能力上均有所提高.  相似文献   

8.
本文描述了世界上第一座陆上式海水温差电站的一些结果。电站被按装在瑙鲁共和国海岸。R—22被用作闭式循环电站的工质。对于平均海水温差为20℃时,可产生大约为100千瓦的总电功率。电站采用壳管式换热器,总传热系数较高。文中也讨论了海水温差电站用的透平。电站的净出力为15千瓦并且输送到瑙鲁共和国电力网。从实验电厂的各种试验中得到许多世界性的记录以及许多有价值的数据。海水温差电站的商用化时期即将到来。  相似文献   

9.
针对海洋温差能可利用温差小,利用效率低的问题,本文提出了一种采用非共沸混合工质的新型海洋温差能回热循环,并基于热力学定律对提出的热力循环进行热力学分析。选取蒸发压力、工质的质量分数作为变量,对提出的热力循环进行热力学分析研究。研究结果表明:以工质质量分数为变量时,循环热效率和系统净输出随蒸发压力的增加先增大后减小,系统热效率在工质质量分数为0.91时取得最大值5.28%,净输出功在浓度为0.96时取得最大值3.83 kW。以蒸发压力为变量时,循环热效率和系统净输出随工质质量分数的增大先增大后减小,系统热效率在蒸发压力为0.595 MPa时取得最大值5.26%,净输出功在压力为0.58 MPa时取得最大值3.57 kW。在相同运行控制参数下与Uehara循环、Yoon循环进行对比,提出的循环系统热效率最佳。提出的热力循环系统分析结果可对提高海洋温差能利用效率提供理论依据和参考。  相似文献   

10.
以海洋观测平台温差能供电装置为对象,开展了小型温差能换热系统研究工作。设计了一种换热系统,建立了换热管热传导仿真分析模型,并通过仿真,对换热管关键参数进行了优化。在此基础上,制作了小型温差能发电装置;对换热系统和发电装置进行了试验。试验结果表明,研制的换热系统能够在22.5℃的水环境中3 h内完成热能转换,与仿真结果一致,验证了文中设计的准确性,具有科研参考价值。  相似文献   

11.
The specific power of a simple irreversible closed-cycle OTEC power plant is analyzed and optimized. The plant uses a working fluid such as ammonia to produce power. Specific power is the net output per unit total heat exchanger surface area. Net output generated by the working fluid is obtained in terms of the rate of heat added to the working fluid from the warm surface ocean water, less the rate of heat removed from the working fluid to the cold deep ocean water. A time factor is added to iimulate the heat exchanges between the OTEC plant and its surroundings. A mathematical expression is derived for the specific power output of the irreversible OTEC heat engine. It is found that there is a bound on the specific power output. This bound provides the basis for a practical engineering effort towards maximizing the per unit time and per unit total heat exchanger area production of work in power plants whose heat transfer area is constrained by economic consideration.  相似文献   

12.
建立氯化钙—氨吸附式制冷单管吸附床传热传质模型 ,采用数值方法对该模型进行了求解 ,得出不同工况下的温度场 ,讨论了吸附床的有效导热系数、接触热阻、流体传热系数等对解吸量及制冷功率的影响。结果表明 ,提高吸附床导热有效导热系数 ,减小接触热阻可有效地改善吸附床的性能 ,为吸附床的优化设计提供了依据  相似文献   

13.
海洋温差能发电技术的现状与前景   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对海洋温差能发电技术的基本原理、类型、系统与装置、发展历史和现状作了全面的综述。介绍了国内外海洋温差发电技术的特点、难点和近期的研究热点,指出海洋温差发电技术必须与附属产品的开发利用相结合才能有竞争力,海洋温差发电技术要达到规模产业化还有相当长的路要走。  相似文献   

14.
The calculative method of heat transfer coefficient between ice cover and water is analyzed considering the heat balance at ice cover bottom firstly. The heat transfer coefficient is calculated with the meteorological, oceanographic data and sea ice conditions measured on the JZ20-2 Oil/Gas Platform in the Bohai Sea during the winter of 1997/1998. From the results, it is shown that the heat transfer coefficient is smaller in the freezing and melting periods, which is about 0.16× 10-3 and 0.04× 10-3 respectively. In the middle of ice season, the heat transfer coefficient has a larger value, which is about 0.5 × 10-3. Lastly, the influences of ice thickness and ice type on the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. With the heat transfer coefficient determined above, the oceanic heat flux in the winter of 1997~1998 is calculated, and its trend in the winter is analyzed. This study can be referenced in the sea ice numerical simulation and prediction in the Bohai Sea.  相似文献   

15.
Research on heat and mass flux yielded by modern seafloor hydrothermal activity is very important, because it is involved not only in the base of ocean environment research, but also in the historical evolution of seawater properties. Currently, estimating heat flux is based on the observation data of hydrothermal smokers, low-temperature diffusive flow and mid-ocean ridge mainly. But there are some faults, for example, there is lack of a concurrent conductive item in estimating the heat flux by smokers and the error between the half-space cooling model and the observation data is too large. So, three kinds of methods are applied to re-estimating the heat flux of hydrothermal activity resepectively, corresponding estimation is 97. 359 GW by hydrothermal smoker and diffusive flow, 84.895 GW by hydrothermal plume, and 4. 11 TW by exponential attenuation method put forward by this paper. Research on mass flux estimation is relatively rare, the main reason for this is insufficient field observation data. Mass fluxes of different elements are calculated using hydrothermal vent fluid data from the TAG hydrothermal area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge for the first time. Difference of estimations by different methods reflects the researching extent of hydrothermal activity, and systematically in - situ observation will help to estimate the contribution of hydrothermal activity to ocean chemical environment, ocean circulation and global climate precisely.  相似文献   

16.
Heat and mass flux estimation of modern seafloor hydrothermal activity   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1Introduction Heat flux yielded by modern seafloor hydrother-mal activity could be next only to heat radiation fromthe sun to the earth, and be similar to energy pro-duced by volcanism. And mass flux of hydrothermalactivity could be close to that of river…  相似文献   

17.
An investigation has been made of available data on the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate and its possible significance for scale formation on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) heat exchangers. Pertinent oceanographic data is lacking at or near potential OTEC sites for the calculation of the degree of saturation of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate. Consequently, only “extrapolated” saturation values can be used. These indicate that near surface seawater is probably supersaturated, with respect to the calcium carbonate phases calcite and aragonite, at all potential OTEC sites. The deep seawater that would be brought to the surface at the potential Atlantic Ocean sites is also likely to be supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. The deep seawater at the potential Pacific Ocean sites may be slightly undersaturated.The fact that OTEC heat exchangers will be operating in seawater, which is supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate, means that if nucleation of calcite or aragonite occurs on the heat exchanger surfaces, significant growth rates of calcium carbonate scale may be expected. The potential for calcium carbonate nucleation is highest at cathodic metal surface locations, which are produced as the result of aluminum corrosion in seawater. Consequently, corrosion and scale formation may be closely related. What the possible effects of biofouling may be on this process are not known.  相似文献   

18.
为探究旋转式压力交换器运行过程中流体能量损失规律,以外驱式旋转压力交换器为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法对模型的湍流耗散率进行模拟研究。研究结果表明,转子在低压区转动时,海水侧流体能量损失先降低后升高,浓盐水侧逐渐降低;转入低压密封区,流体能量损失集中在海水侧,范围逐渐向浓盐水侧扩散;进入高压区后,海水侧流体能量损失逐渐下降,浓盐水侧逐渐升高;转子在高压密封区运行时,流体能量损失集中于浓盐水侧,能量损失范围向海水侧扩散。研究结果对旋转式压力交换器结构优化具有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

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