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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(2)
为了确定中南—司令断裂带在南海海盆及其在南部陆缘的延伸位置,并探讨其与南海扩张的关系,本文利用重磁异常、地震、莫霍面深度、P波速度特征、钻井拖网资料,对中南—司令断裂带的延伸位置进行了综合地质和地球物理研究,厘定了中南—司令断裂带在东部次海盆与西南、西北次海盆之间呈NS向延伸,并南延至南海南部陆缘之上,深度上切割至莫霍面。根据南海海盆中磁异常条带走向的变化,及磁异常条带、走滑/转换断裂、扩张方向的印证关系,结合前人对古南海"剪刀状"碰撞闭合、南海扩张演化、构造应力场的研究,提出在32~25 Ma,伴随着南海东部次海盆的NNW向扩张,南海海盆及南沙地块整体发生顺时针旋转,使中南—司令断裂走向由形成初期的NNW向转变为N—S向;23.5 Ma之后,顺时针旋转停止,南海东部次海盆继续NNW向扩张,西南次海盆呈NW—SE向渐进式扩张。作为一条切穿地壳的深大断裂,中南—司令断裂与红河-越东断裂、马尼拉海沟断裂三条深大断裂一起组成区域"滑线场",制约南海海盆的扩张与南沙地块的南移。 相似文献
2.
南海南部海区前陆盆地形成与演化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
将南沙地块南缘与加里曼丹—巴拉望地块作为一个构造演化的整体进行研究,对南海南部构造边界的蛇绿—混杂岩及岩浆岩的分布和岩性,以及南海南部前陆盆地的构造与沉积特征加以描述、分析,发现前陆盆地系统的形成时间是自西南往东北,逐渐由晚始新世末—早中新世—中中新世,与南边的俯冲碰撞带形成时间相对应,认为南沙地块南缘与加里曼丹—巴拉望地块之间经历了一个与古南海消亡息息相关的连续演化的过程。 相似文献
3.
南海中部海盆分布着众多海山,从实测磁异常反演海山磁性是南海海盆古地磁研究新的重要课题,它有助于解决南海海盆的运动方向和运动形式等问题.对南海海盆16座海山作磁性反演取得了较高的计算精度.对南海中部海盆海山磁性反演表明,海山均为非均匀磁化体,海山形成经过多期火山喷溢叠加.海山磁性差异清晰地显示了海盆分区特征.南海海盆分东部海盆区和西南部海盐区,海盆地壳运动规律差异较大:东部海盆以逆时针旋转由南往北运移;西南海盆先经历了顺时针旋转,后改为逆时针旋转,由北往南运移. 相似文献
4.
近13万年来南沙沉积物中的剩磁记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对长355 cm的南沙NS93-5钻孔连续取古地磁样品281块,进行沉积物磁性特征的研究。详细的岩石磁学结果表明,沉积物中以低矫顽磁力的磁性矿物为主,剩磁携带者主要是磁铁矿类矿物,但同时存在少量赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿等。钻孔191~206、232~248和292~308 cm记录的剩磁磁倾角出现较小的负值,根据氧同位素地层学和14C测年、火山灰层年龄,计算其对应的沉积年龄分别为65.87~68.7、73.4~80.8和108.4~113.6 kaBP。其中108.4~113.6 kaBP的剩磁异常可能是布莱克(Blake)事件在南沙沉积物中的记录。 相似文献
5.
北斐济海盆的构造特征与演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
北斐济海盆位于西南太平洋边缘,近半个世纪以来,针对该海盆地质和地球物理特征的调查研究取得了丰硕的成果.现今海盆内活动的构造带主要包括北斐济断裂带以及北部、中部、斐济西侧3组扩张中心,北斐济断裂带以左行走滑作用为主,扩张中心具有不稳定性.北斐济海盆形成于约10 Ma,早期主要受控于瓦努阿图岛弧的顺时针旋转,后期在以近NS和EW向的扩张作用控制下逐渐张开.扩张中心的迁移和多期构造运动的叠加是造成现今海盆内复杂构造和磁异常特征的主要原因.北斐济海盆扩张活动的深部动力学机制仍需进一步研究. 相似文献
6.
对跨南海西南次海盆及两侧陆缘的一条1050km长的、包括海底地震(OBS)、长排列多道地震和重磁在内的综合地球物理探测剖面(CFT)进行了构造成像和研究。在多道地震成像基础上建立了CFT剖面初始速度模型, 进而通过初至波层析成像方法反演了CFT剖面的速度结构模型, 在重力异常资料的约束下建立了CFT剖面的综合地壳结构模型。讨论了沿CFT剖面出现的下地壳高速体、龙门海山的低密度物质等地质问题。结果表明, 下地壳高速层在北部陆坡、西南海盆和南部南沙地块均有分布, 厚度在0~4km之间, 可能与陆缘下地壳物质和地幔物质熔融混合, 以及深海盆海底扩张期间构造拉伸导致地幔蛇纹岩化有关。 相似文献
7.
本文利用南通幅区域地质调查的重磁异常数据,在重磁异常特征分析的基础上,采用一维频谱分析法对南黄海进行磁性基底反演。结果表明:南黄海属于扬子块体向海域的延伸,具有元古代结晶基底和古生代褶皱基底的双基底结构,其磁性基底深度在2—10km之间变化,是褶皱基底与磁性层最小埋深的结合,在坳陷和隆起上表现不同。通过利用综合地质和地球物理综合方法,对南黄海区域的四大构造单元华北—狼林地块、扬子—京畿地块、华南—岭南地块、东海大陆架进行重磁异常变化特征和磁性基底特征分析,为研究区断裂等区域构造特征解释提供了依据。 相似文献
8.
为了准确解释环境磁学参数记录的极地古气候环境变化信息,本研究对白令海和西北冰洋61个站位的表层沉积物进行了高、低频质量磁化率(χ)、非磁滞磁化率(χARM)和磁化率-温度(k-T)分析,以探明该区沉积物中磁性矿物的种类、来源与搬运路径。结果显示,样品的χ具有明显的地域分布特征。白令海的χ值整体高于楚科奇海,并在育空河口外侧和圣劳伦斯岛南侧较高,向北和向西南方向逐渐减小。楚科奇海中东部陆架上表层沉积χ值高于阿拉斯加沿岸,而西北冰洋深海平原和洋脊区的χ值最低。χARM的变化趋势与质量磁化率相似,但频率磁化率的变化趋势与质量磁化率正好相反。k-T分析结果显示阿留申海盆沉积物中的铁磁性矿物以磁赤铁矿占主导,白令海陆架育空河口外侧和圣劳伦斯岛南北两侧为磁铁矿,白令海陆架西部和楚科奇海陆架中东部为磁赤铁矿和磁铁矿,楚科奇海阿拉斯加沿岸为黄铁矿,而西北冰洋陆坡、深海平原和洋脊区为胶黄铁矿和黄铁矿,但高纬度区沉积物中的胶黄铁矿含量更高。沉积物中磁性矿物的区域性分布受沉积物来源、洋流和底质环境等因素的控制。白令海和楚科奇海陆架磁赤铁矿来源于亚洲大陆,白令海陆架东部的磁铁矿来自育空河流域,阿拉斯加沿岸沉积物中的黄铁矿,应为阿拉斯加西北部陆源侵蚀来源的或早期成岩作用形成的,西北冰洋深海盆区的胶黄铁矿,为自生成因的。 相似文献
9.
对取自西菲律宾海西部的GXl49重力活塞柱状样沉积物进行系统的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究,结果表明：沉积物中主要载磁矿物为低矫顽力的磁铁矿,粒径以假单畴（PSD）为主。天然剩磁强度分布范围为（1．07～6．51）×10^-7Am2,平均值为3．33×10^-7Am2。经过0～80mT交变场退磁后,几乎所有样品均可获得稳定的特征矢量方向,且磁倾角绝大部分为正值,表明整个GX149柱状样处于布容正极性期。样品的磁倾角普遍存在浅化现象,且从顶到底,磁倾角变浅程度逐渐增强,与沉积物的压实作用有关。通过与相邻海域柱状样的对比,估算出GX149柱状样的平均沉积速率在0．79～2．42cm／ka之间,其底界年龄在256．2～781ka之间。 相似文献
10.
在国家重点基础研究发展规划的支持下,2000年8月在南海组织了1次多船同步海洋学调查,是迄今为止盛夏期间唯一一次全海盆准同步水文观测。航次间遭遇的多种困难虽被及时化解,然而观测数据的质量已受影响。此前虽已有若干相关研究发表,但未见对观测数据进行质量控制和全面的分析。本文在对CTD和ADCP原始数据仔细校正的基础上,分析和讨论了盛夏期间南海海盆的水文和环流特征,冀留下尽可能完整的记录。分析表明,盛夏期间以海盆SW?NE向轴线为界,南海展现出不同的物理特征。轴线东南受季节性反气旋环流控制,其中次海盆尺度的南沙反气旋环流尤其强大;轴线西北则受各种中尺度现象支配,未见明显的大尺度环流结构。研究证实南沙反气旋环流的水平尺度超过400 km,垂直尺度达近千米,最大流速近1 m/s, 是夏季南海最突出的环流特征,但发现其位置和强度存在显著的年际变化。研究并发现,不同于以往的认识,观测期间民都洛海峡交换呈“三明治”结构,表明随强迫条件变化,民都洛海峡交换可出现不同模态。 相似文献
11.
Beach rocks of the Central West Coast of India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. G. Wagle 《Geo-Marine Letters》1990,10(2):111-115
Along the central west coast of India several beach rock exposures have been observed in the intertidal zone, as well as 2–4
m above the present day high water line. Beach rock has almost the same general composition as the loose beach sand over which
it lies. It takes the broad morphology of the intertidal zone of the beach in which it developed and it shows similar internal
structures. Most of it is medium to coarse grained but some is fine to medium grained. The constituents are calcite, aragonite,
quartz, feldspar, traces of black (heavy) minerals, rock fragments and shells. Carbonate reaches up to 97% (% wt). 相似文献
12.
Three bitumen fractions were obtained and systematically analysed for the terpane and sterane composition from 30 Paleozoic source rocks and 64 bitumen-containing reservoir rocks within the Upper Sinian, Lower Cambrian, Lower Silurian, Middle Carboniferous, Upper Permian and Lower Triassic strata in the Sichuan Basin and neighbouring areas, China. These bitumen fractions include extractable oils (bitumen I), oil-bearing fluid inclusions and/or closely associated components with the kerogen or pyrobitumen/mineral matrix, released during kerogen or pyrobitumen isolation and demineralization (bitumen II), and bound compounds within the kerogen or pyrobitumen released by confined pyrolysis (bitumen III). In addition, atomic H/C and O/C ratios and carbon isotopic compositions of kerogen and pyrobitumen from some of the samples were measured. Geochemical results and geological information suggest that: (1) in the Central Sichuan Basin, hydrocarbon gases in reservoirs within the fourth section of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation were derived from both the Lower Cambrian and Upper Sinian source rocks; and (2) in the Eastern Sichuan Basin, hydrocarbon gases in Middle Carboniferous Huanglong Formation reservoirs were mainly derived from Lower Silurian source rocks, while those in Upper Permian and Lower Triassic reservoirs were mainly derived from both Upper Permian and Lower Silurian marine source rocks. For both the source and reservoir rocks, bitumen III fractions generally show relatively lower maturity near the peak oil generation stage, while the other two bitumen fractions show very high maturities based on terpane and sterane distributions. Tricyclic terpanes evolved from the distribution pattern C20 < C21 < C23, through C20 < C21 > C23, finally to C20 > C21 > C23 during severe thermal stress. The concentration of C30 diahopane in bitumen III (the bound components released from confined pyrolysis) is substantially lower than in the other two bitumen fractions for four terrigenous Upper Permian source rocks, demonstrating that this compound originated from free hopanoid precursors, rather than hopanoids bound to the kerogen. 相似文献
13.
The study integrates petrographical and lithological data from deep exploration wells and outcrops in northern Iraq to better understand the sedimentary environments present in the basin and to evaluate the depositional evolution of the Paleozoic rocks in Iraq. The studied Paleozoic successions are represented by five sedimentary cycles of intracratonic sequences. These are dominated mainly by siliciclastic and mixed sedimentary packages, and are separated by major and minor unconformity surfaces. These cycles are as follow: the Ordovician cycle, represented by the Khabour Formation; the Silurian cycle, represented by the Akkas Formation; the Middle-Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous cycle, represented by the Chalki, Pirispiki, Kaista, Ora and Harur formations; the Permian–Carboniferous cycle, represented by the Ga’ara Formation and late Permian cycle, represented by the Chia Zairi Formation. Generally, the cycles are characterized by siliciclastic and mixed carbonate–clastic facies with abrupt changes during Late Paleozoic reflecting the environmental and tectonic events during this period. The Ordovician Khabour Formation is suggested to be of shallow marine environment of deposition with stacked transgressive and regressive cycles that are eustatically controlled. The shale of Silurian Akkas Formation was deposited in open-marine environment. Depositional regimes in the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous are considered as a continuation of deposition in the subsiding basin with a wide geographic distribution that reflect the epicontinental or epeiric seas in a homoclinic ramp setting. The Permo-Carboniferous Ga’ara Formation was deposited in continental to paralic environment while the Late Permian Chia Zairi Formation represents the carbonate platform deposition. The study revealed that potential source rocks may include some shale beds of the Khabour Formation, hot shales of Akkas Formation and the shales of Ora Formation. The sandstones of the Khabour, Akkas and Kaista formations have good reservoir potential. The Late Permian carbonates of Chia Zairi Formation may be self-sourcing and contain multiple reservoirs. The occurrence of shale as source rocks and limestone as reservoir rocks and some evaporates as sealing horizons make the formation as a reservoir in its own right. 相似文献
14.
Petrophysical characteristics of rocks and sulfides from the SWIR hydrothermal field 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
TAO Chunhui WU Tao JIN Xiaobing DOU Bingjun LI Huaiming ZHOU Jianping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):118-125
Study of petrophysical properties of rocks in seafioor hydrothermal fields has great significance for inves- tigation of seafloor hydrothermal activities, especially for polymetallic sulfides prospecting. In the present study, based on the current experimental conditions, we conducted systematic experiments to measure the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, porosity, density, as well as acoustic wave velocity of seafloor rocks and sulfides. Subsequently, we measured the physical characteristics of hydrothermal sulfides, basalts and peridotites which were collected from newly discovered seafloor hydrothermal fields at 49.6°E, 50.5°E, 5 1°E, 63.5°E, and 63.9°E of the Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIR）. Previously available and newly collected data were combined to characterize the physical differences between polymetallic sulfides and rocks. We also discussed the impact of hydrothermal alteration on the bedrock and demonstrated how these petrophysical properties of rocks can help in geophysical prospecting of seafloor hydrothermal fields as indicators. 相似文献
15.
Ute Mann Jochen Knies Shyam Chand Wilfried Jokat Ruediger Stein Janine Zweigel 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(8):1624-1639
With the recently recovered organic-rich sediments of early Tertiary age from the Lomonosov Ridge by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302, the first data collection directly from source rocks of the central basins of the Arctic Ocean is now available. Using the results of seismic interpretations and published sedimentological and organic geochemical data from Expedition 302, the framework for the first quantitative assessment of source-rock quality and distribution of the Palaeogene sediments was modelled in the central Arctic Ocean. The modelling results suggest that an approximately 100-m-thick Early to Middle Eocene sedimentary sequence of good to very good source rocks exists along a 75 km long transect across the Lomonosov Ridge. In-situ generation of hydrocarbons is unlikely because the overburden (200–250 m) and consequently the thermal maturity are too low. Burial history and thermal modelling reveal that an additional overburden of at least 1000 m is necessary to start hydrocarbon generation along the ridge. However, source-rock modelling results show that good source-rock potential may exist in correlative units in the adjacent Amundsen Basin. Simulated organic carbon contents of 1.5–5%, coupled with an overburden of 1000–1200 m, and heat flow anomalies (117 and 100 mW m−2) due to the vicinity to the Gakkel Ridge spreading centre indicate that necessary conditions for hydrocarbon expulsion are already reached, and point to viability of a potential petroleum system. Our results support the hypothesis that deposition of a potentially good hydrocarbon source rock occurred across the entire Arctic Basin and adjacent margins during the early Tertiary. 相似文献
16.
台湾海峡西岸新生代火山岩的古地磁特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对台湾海峡西岸福建南部香山、牛头山剖面的晚第三纪佛昙群火山岩进行了古地磁研究。结果表明,该处火山岩形成于地磁场处于反向为主的时期,结合地质资料分析相当于晚第三纪中期;古纬度为22°N,与采样点现纬度(24.2°N)相接近,表明本块体自晚第三纪中期以来无大规模的纬向移动。其古地磁极位置也表明如此;磁偏角为180°与现代磁角反向吻合,反映本块体自晚第三纪以来亦无明显的旋转。 相似文献
17.
Keith A. W. Crook 《Geo-Marine Letters》1986,5(4):203-209
Multichannel seismic reflection profiles recorded in the northern Red Sea show structures that we interpret to be a result of the intrusion of uppermost Miocene salt. We believe that the evaporites are underlaid by attenuated continental crust and the flow of salt is due to renewed faulting of basement in the Pliocene when sea floor spreading began between latitudes 21°N and 15°30°N. 相似文献
18.
F. Goodarzi L.R. Snowdon P.R. Gunther W.A.M. Jenkins 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1985,2(3):254-259
Samples of lower Palaeozoic bedrock from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland were examined using reflected light microscopy and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. These samples contained organic material which included bitumen (structureless organic material), acritarchs, chitinozoa, scolecodonts and graptolites. The reflectance of the organic material increased from acritarchs towards graptolites with bitumen showing a wide range of reflectance. Multiple phases of oil migration through one sample were inferred by examination of the bitumens: the lowest reflecting being more recent than the highest reflecting bitumen. Combined reflectance and Rock-Eval analysis indicate that these samples are mature to overmature. The two oldest samples (Arenig-Llanvirn, Ordovician) are assessed as mature and as having potential for generation of liquid hydrocarbons, but must be considered as mainly gas prone. 相似文献
19.
Keith A. W. Crook 《Geo-Marine Letters》1987,6(4):203-209
Sedimentary rocks from the northern margin of the Trobriand Platform, the north wall of the New Britain Trench, and the floor of the Solomon Sea Basin are volcaniclastics, mudrocks, and neritic and bathyal limestones. Arc-volcanic debris from calc-alkaline or high-K magmatic sources is present at each locality. A minor metamorphic component occurs at one site on the Trobriand Platform which yielded Early Eocene to Middle Miocene material, and at the New Britain Trench site, which yielded Miocene or older and post-Miocene samples. Solomon Sea Basin samples are mudrocks which are apparently no older than Late Pliocene. 相似文献
20.
A. Banerjee M. Jha A. K. Mittal N. J. Thomas K. N. Misra 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2000,17(10):7
Source rock screening reveals five laterally extending potential sources (PS) in the Paleogene. The PSs are SR5 and SR6 in dominantly marine early Eocene to late Paleocene Cambay Shale formation, and SR7, SR8/9, and SR11/12 in dominantly freshwater early Paleocene Olpad formation. Only 3 PSs, SR11/12, SR8/9, and SR7 have attained vitrinite reflectance of 0.75% at 45, 7, and 2 mybp, respectively. Chromatographic and isotope data of oils and PS samples suggest that mainly the Olpad source rocks: SR7 and SR8/9 contributed to the discovered oils. The Cambay Shale source rocks, SR5 and SR6, contrary to the prevalent view, possibly have no significant contribution towards the accumulated oils. 相似文献