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1.
黄河三角洲的^210Pb剖面与再沉积作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据黄河三角洲东部钻孔岩芯的＾２１０Ｐｂ剖面资料，经标准化消除了因粒级不同所造成＾２１０Ｐｂ浓度变化的影响后，显示该孔的＾２１０Ｐｂ剖面可分为１１段。每段呈指数衰减，段与段之间呈现＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性比度逆增，反映了由于再沉积作用造成＾２１０Ｐｂ的稀释作用。由此分析该区沉积和再沉积历史。 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种测定积物中＾２１０Ｐｂ的方法。沉积物中的＾２１０Ｐｂ用ＨＮＯ３和ＨＦ消化，然后＾２１０Ｐｏ在８５－９０℃下从０．５ｍｏｌＨＣＬ介质中自沉积在银片上；其全程放化回收率为８５．０±４．９×１０＾－２。 相似文献
3.
沉积物中^238U等9种放射性核素γ谱法同时测定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文报道了为测量沉积物中的γ放射性核素，用一个ＨＰＧｅ探测器γ谱仪同时记录１０－２００ｋｅＶ能区能谱和１００－２０００ｋｅＶ能区能谱的方法，一次谱数据收集可同时测定出＾２３８Ｕ、＾２３５Ｕ、＾２１０Ｐｂ、＾２３８Ｔｈ、＾２２８Ｒａ、＾２２６Ｒａ、＾４０Ｋ、＾６０Ｃｏ和＾１３７Ｃｓ等核素的比活度。 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种测定积物中２１０Ｐｂ的方法．沉积物中的２１０Ｐｂ用ＨＮＯ３和ＨＦ消化，然后２１０Ｐｏ在８５～９０℃下从０．５ｍｏｌＨＣｌ介质中自沉积在银片上；其全程放化回收率为８５．０±４．９×１０－２ 相似文献
5.
用^210Pb和^239Pu测定Saguenay湾的沉积速率 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了用＾２１０Ｐｂ和＾２３９Ｐｕ测定Ｓａｇｕｅｎａｙ湾沉积速率。在沉积物中过剩＾２１０Ｐｂ的比活度随着深度的增加呈指数衰减,但在柱状样８２－０７２的４５ｃｍ处和８２－１４７的６ｃｍ处,过剩＾２１０Ｐｂ的比活度发生突变。这可能与１９７１年发生的陆倾有关。用＾２１０Ｐｂ方法测得柱状样８２－０７２和８２－１４７的沉积速率分别为３．５０ｃｍ／ａ和０．４９ｃｍ／ａ,与用＾２３９Ｐｕ方法测得的沉积速率３ 相似文献
6.
渤海南部现代沉积物堆积速率和沉积环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了采自渤海南部六个箱式岩芯的２１０Ｐｂ放射性活度的测定，根据２１０Ｐｂ放射性活度在岩芯中垂直分布趋势，结合我们先前获得的有关资料，探讨渤海南部沉积物堆积速率和沉积特征及沉积环境。这对研究所形成岩芯沉积作用过程和海底油气开发工程具有双重意义。 相似文献
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根据黄河三角洲东部钻孔岩芯的￣（２１０）Ｐｂ剖面资料，经标准化消除了因粒级不同所造成￣（２１０）Ｐｂ浓度变化的影响后，显示该孔的２１０ｐｂ剖面可分为１１段。每段呈指数衰减，段与段之间呈现￣（２１０）Ｐｂ放射性比度逆增，反映了由于再沉积作用造成￣（２１０）Ｐｂ的稀释作用。由此分析该区沉积和再沉积历史 相似文献
9.
红树林潮滩沉积速率测量与研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
红树林捕沙促淤功能是红树林防浪护岸效益的主要表现之一。本文用标志桩法与（２１０）Ｐｂ同位素定年法测定红树林潮滩沉积速率。海南东寨港林市村岸段标志桩试验显示：红海榄Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｈｏｒａｓｔｙｌｏｓａ密林区普遍淤积，平均速率４．１ｍｍ·ａ（－１）；白滩与疏林区侵蚀，平均速率８．２ｍｍ·ａ（－１）。沉积速率随滩地高程增加或潮水浸淹频率的减小而减小。冬春淤积为主而夏季冲刷为主。区域性淤积速度受区域泥沙来源与海岸动态影响。在粤西廉江高桥镇凤地村岸段的（２１０）Ｐｈ测试显示，０—９０ｃｍ段沉积历时为１４５（１８４７—１９９２）ａ，平均沉积速率为６．２ｍｍ·ａ（－１）。其中０—４０ｃｍ段１９６６—１９９２年沉积速率１５．４ｍｍ·ａ（－１）最大，４０—５０ｃｍ段１９３０－１９６６年沉积速率２．８ｍｍ·ａ（－１）最小。 相似文献
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南海东北部表层沉积物天然放射性核素与137Cs 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
用HPGeγ谱仪测定了南海东北部表层沉积物中的放射性核素.结果给出7种核素的平均比活度分别为40K:538Bq/kg,210Pb:116Bq/kg,226Ra:27.7Bq/kg,228Ra:4.49Bq/kg,228Th:42.0Bq/kg,238U:35.4Bq/kg和137Cs:1.16Bq/kg,210Pb的比活度随离岸距离增大,226Ra比活度随离岸距离没有明显变化,其余核素比活度随离岸距离减小.与对我国近海其他海域报道的沉积物放射性核素含量相比,40K和137Cs稍低于其他海域,其余核素为中等水平. 相似文献
12.
河口海岸环境沉积速率研究方法 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
沉积速率是河口海岸沉积环境的重要参数，对于河口海岸地质历史时期沉积速率的研究，大多采用^14C年龄值计算；现代河口海岸沉积速率的研究方法较多，常见的有河流输沙法，海图对比法，GIS法，放射性同位素测年法等。^14C法结合考古，孢粉等方法，能比较真实地反映河口海岸地质历史时期的沉积速率，对于现代河口海岸沉积，由于GIS和DEM方法的发展和计算机功能的支持，使海图对比的方法克服了手工带来的误差，目前仍然是一种可以使用的方法。放射性同位素^210Pb,^137Cs,^239,240Pu法使沉积速率的计算趋于定量化，在一定时间区域范围内，多种同位素测年同时运用，相互印证，从而使河口现代沉积速率更加准确。 相似文献
13.
-The applicability of the doubie-layer model for 210Pb chronology in coastal marine environments was discussed,which is successfully used in the study of mixing rates and sedimentation rates in Meizhou Bay. Differences among sedimentation rates deduced from 210Pb, 210Po, and 137Cs were compared. Mixing rates in the sediment surface layer were determined by means of excess 234Th. 相似文献
14.
Application of a coprecipitation method combined with low-background γ-spectrometry allowed the isolation of 7Be, 137Cs, 210Pb, and radium and thorium isotopes together with BaSO4, Fe(OH)3, or AMP/Cs in 18 L of coastal water. This simple method showed high chemical yields of 77–91% (mean, 85%) for 210Pb and radium isotopes, 87–92% (mean, 91%) for 7Be and thorium isotopes, and 98% for 137Cs. The activity of the nuclides showed good reproducibility with standard deviations of 1–8%, while the deviation of activity
in particle-reactive 210Pb (32%) and 7Be (21%) in filtered water samples was exceptionally large. 相似文献
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利用颗粒态放射性核素携带的颗粒物历经过程信息,我们提出用泥沙扩散方程和颗粒态放射性核素扩散方程联解底部边界层颗粒态物质迁移参数的方法。分析实例的样品取自荷兰Waden Sea南部Balgzand潮滩(砂坪)和Mok湾潮滩(泥坪)的两个站位(BG1和Mok2)。示踪核素为~(234)Th,~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs,其放射性比度由r能谱测出。 相似文献
16.
R. Eugene Turner Charles S. Milan Erick M. Swenson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,69(3-4):352
Salt marsh sediment volume decreases from organic decomposition, compaction of solids, and de-watering, and each of these processes may change with age. Variability in the vertical accretion rate within the upper 2 m was determined by assembling results from concurrent application of the 137Cs and 210Pb dating techniques used to estimate sediment age since 1963/1964, and 0 to ca 100+ years before present (yBP), respectively. The relationship between 210Pb and the 137Cs dated accretion rates (Sed210 and Sed137, respectively) was linear for 45 salt marsh and mangrove environments. Sed210 averaged 75% of Sed137 suggesting that vertical accretion over the last 100+ years is driven by soil organic matter accumulation, as shown for the pre 137Cs dated horizon. The ratio of Sed210/Sed137 declines with increasing mineral content. A linear multiple regression equation that includes bulk density and Sed137 to predict Sed210 described 97% of the variance in Sed210. Sediments from Connecticut, Delaware and Louisiana coastal environments dated with 14C indicate a relatively constant sediment accretion rate of 0.13 cm year−1 for 1000–7000 yBP, which occurs within 2 m of today's marsh surface and equals modern sea level rise rates. Soil subsidence is not shown to be distinctly different in these vastly different coastal settings. The major reason why the Sed137 measurements indicate higher accretion rates than do the Sed210 measurements is because the former apply to younger sediments where the effects of root growth and decomposition are greater than in the latter. The most intense rates of change in soil volume in organic-rich salt marshes sediments is, therefore, neither in deep or old sediments (>4 m; >1000 years), but within the first several hundreds of years after accumulation. The average changes in organic and inorganic constituents downcore are nearly equal for 58 dated sediment cores from the northern Gulf of Mexico. These parallel changes downcore are best described as resulting from compaction, rather than from organic matter decomposition. Thus most of the volumetric changes in these salt marsh sediments occurs in the upper 2 m, and declines quickly with depth. Extrapolation forwards or backwards, using results from the 210Pb and the 137Cs dating technique appear to be warranted for the types of samples from the environments described here. 相似文献
17.
Y Kato H KitazatoM Shimanaga T NakatsukaY Shirayama T Masuzawa 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,57(1):77-95
Profiles of the radioisotopes 210Pb and 137Cs were determined in 15 sediment cores collected from Sagami Bay, Japan. The activities of 210Pbex (unsupported) in core top sediments increased with water depth from 25 dpm g−1 on the upper continental slope off the mouth of Tokyo Bay to an average of 283 dpm g−1 at the deep-sea station SB. The high 210Pb trapping efficiency of settling particles expected from the results of the sediment trap experiment near the SB site suggests that effective 210Pb enrichment in surface sediments may occur during resuspension and lateral transportation of particles via the benthic nepheloid layer on the continental slope. In several cores, 137Cs profiles showed an increase, a distinct peak, and then a decrease to an undetectable level downcore. These profiles can be compared with the temporal change of bomb-produced 137Cs fallout.The mean sedimentation rates estimated by the 210Pbex inventory method, rather than using 210Pbex profiles, ranged from 0.06 g cm−2 y−1 to 0.14 g cm−2 y−1. The average value of the rates in SB cores was calculated to be 0.11 g cm−2 y−1, which was similar to that calculated under the assumption that the age of the 137Cs peak corresponds to its maximum fallout year in 1963.Although 137Cs inventories represented one tenth of the anthropogenic fallout of 137Cs until 1997, they correlated with the increase in 210Pbex inventory. This suggests that the scavenging of refractory 137Cs as well as 210Pb by settling particles in the water column can lead to the formation of a time marker layer even in deep-sea sediment core, such as at the SB site. 相似文献
18.
Abstract. Two sediment cores were collected in the southern Baltic Sea and sliced into 1.0cm-thick layers. Sediments of each layer were analysed for activities of 210Pb, 137Cs, 134Cs and for the density of meiobenthic organisms (meiofauna). Zones with the rapid mixing occur in the uppermost layers (0–3 cm) of the cores based on I34Cs profiles. The extent and density of meiofauna confirmed the rapid mixing and revealed layers with slow mixing (4–8 cm). Sedimentation rates were derived from 210Pb profiles below the mixing zones (1.21 and 1.72 mm a-I) and were confumed by 137Cs distribution. Of twenty-one major meiofauna taxa commonly found in the Baltic sediments, three were present in the cores. 相似文献
19.
长江口泥质区18#柱样的现代沉积速率及其环境 指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对长江口泥质区18#柱样进行137Cs和210Pb同位素测年分析,得到了柱样站点的现代沉积速率。结果表明,近50多年来沉积速率较大,且呈现阶段性差异：由137Cs时标计年法得到柱样1954—1964年的沉积速率为5.9 cm/yr,1964—2006年减小为 3.36 cm/yr;沉积柱样的210Pb剖面呈两段分布,由此得到沉积速率120～225 cm为5.47 cm/yr,对应于18～100 cm减小为4.58 cm/yr。对比分析两种方法得出沉积速率开始减小的时间为1968—1972年,并且采样点区域表层可能出现侵蚀现象,为研究长江口泥质区环境演变提供了依据。 相似文献
20.
工业化以来海洋污染历史的分子（元素）地层学记录 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文介绍了运用高分辨率的分子（元素）地层学记录来研究海洋污染历史的原理和方法。通过实例，阐述了利用放射性同位素２１０Ｐｂ等定年的湖泊、河口沉积物以及冰芯、土壤记录来研究环境污染历史的最新进展，指出对近百年来高时间分辨率的近海海域污染历史研究对于评估海域环境负荷变化，预测海洋环境的发展具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献