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1.
秋季黄海中南部鱼类群落对饵料生物的摄食量 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
研究鱼类与饵料生物之间食物定量关系进而为多鱼种资源评估提供依据,2000~2002年秋季(10~11月)在黄海中南部海域进行了定点底拖网调查,应用Eggers模型,计算了带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)、黄(Lophius litulon)、细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)等23种鱼类在秋季对饵料生物的摄食量。结果表明:黄海中南部23种鱼类在秋季对饵料生物的总摄食量约为309万t,其中,鱼(Engraulis japonicus)的摄食量最高(在250万t以上),占总摄食量的80.9%。中上层和底层鱼类对饵料生物的摄食量分别为262万t和47万t左右,占总摄食量的84.7%和15.3%,鱼和细纹狮子鱼分别是中上层和底层鱼类中最主要的捕食者。磷虾类是中上层鱼类最主要的食物来源,其次是桡足类、端足类和毛颚类;虾类和鱼类是底层鱼类最主要的食物来源,其次是磷虾类。太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifica)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、细长脚虫戎(Themisto gracilipes)、脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)和鱼同时是黄海中南部被摄食量最高的5种饵料生物,它们被摄食的生物量之和约为233万t,占总摄食量的75.5%。 相似文献
2.
东海带鱼食性的季节变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
探讨带鱼摄食生态及东海食物网现状。根据2002年12月~2003年11月收集到的带鱼胃含物样品,对其摄食习性的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,带鱼全年摄食的饵料种类数共有60余种,鱼类和甲壳类为其主要饵料类群。带鱼的食物组成存在季节差异,春季以细条天竺鲷、磷虾和带鱼为主要食物;夏季以带鱼、磷虾、糠虾和刺鲳为主要食物;秋季以口足类幼体、七星底灯鱼和竹荚鱼为主要食物;冬季以带鱼、七星底灯鱼、小带鱼和糠虾为主要食物。摄食强度的季节变化并不明显(P>0.05),秋季最高,夏季最低;各个季节的主要饵料类群组成存在差异,鱼类饵料的重量百分比均最高;饵料多样性指数季节差异并不显著(P>0.05),秋季最高,冬季和夏季较低。通过与历史资料进行比较发现,东海带鱼的食物组成发生了较大的变化,已由过去以磷虾为主转变为以鱼类为主,同时表现出明显的同类相食的现象。 相似文献
3.
长江口及其邻近海区的浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的生态研究 总被引：46，自引：2，他引：46
1985年8月—1986年10月(2,9月除外),在长江口海区进行了鱼卵、仔鱼调查。结果表明,该海区系由淡水鱼类、半咸水鱼类和沿岸、近海鱼类四种生态类型组成的鱼类生态结构,具有特殊复杂的生态特点;其种类组成和数量分布,皆受长江径流、台湾暖流及黄海冷水团等水系的相互消长、交换而形成的错综复杂的海况条件所制约。目前该海区的鱼类种间数量对比关系发生变化。历史上的重要经济鱼类数量极少,而作为它们的主要饵料之一的鳀鱼数量却占绝对优势。这与渔业上的过度捕捞和滥捕有很大关系。因此,以发展增、养殖事业来转化和降低捕捞强度,对保护鱼类资源具有重大意义。 相似文献
4.
对法国Douarnenez海湾拟庸鲽Pleuronectes platessa L.的食性进行了研究。依据一些常见的饵料指标,多毛类动物和双壳类动物为拟庸鲽的主要饵料;饵料双壳类动物贝壳厚度上限随着捕食鱼类的增长而提高。对拟庸鲽种内营养关系的对应分析表明,基本饵料的刚性和易捕性与捕食鱼类的体长关系密切;同时也揭示,某些鱼类食性综合指标并非总是有效的。 相似文献
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根据2005年4~5月在黄海和长江口海域进行的春季底拖网调查,应用稳定同位素方法研究了黄海中南部鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)及其可能摄食饵料的碳氮稳定同位素比值,结果表明:(1)黄海中南部鳀鱼的食物组成为不同粒径的浮游动物、太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifica)和仔稚鱼,其中以粒径为500~900μm的浮游动物为主,贡献比例占61%~84%;仔稚鱼贡献比例占16%~21%,较传统胃含物方法分析的结果小;(2)黄海中部海域鳀鱼的碳氮稳定同位素比值平均值较南部海域高,原因可能与各海域的能量来源不同或存在微食物环有关,也可能与不同海域鳀鱼的能量转换途径不一样,即与食物链长短不一有关. 相似文献
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黄海大头鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)种群特征的年际变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1999—2002年和2007—2009年各年冬季共7个航次的底拖网调查资料,对黄海大头鳕的种群特征及其年际变化进行了研究。结果表明,大头鳕种群相对密度升高,优势年龄由1龄组升高到3龄组,雌性性成熟比例升高;两个调查阶段大头鳕的体长-体重关系分别为W=4.564×10-3L3.333和W=1.550×10-2L2.994;主要饵料均为甲壳类,饵料多样性指数(H′)从1.0升高到1.9,表明大头鳕生境宽度增加。大头鳕种群特征的变化可能与气候变化、黄海生态系统食物网结构的变化以及渔业保护有关。与20世纪80年代相比,两个调查阶段的大头鳕年龄结构仍然较为简单,且其分布范围较窄,资源易受外界环境变化的影响。因此,需关注环境因子和捕捞压力变化对黄海大头鳕资源的影响,制定合理养护措施,促进资源的可持续利用。 相似文献
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饵料生物在海洋生态系统中处于承上启下的关键地位,为准确评估东海中南部海域饵料生物的营养关系,基于2018年11月和2019年4月两个航次调查中收集的饵料生物的碳氮稳定同位素数据,对其营养生态位的季节变动特征及种间竞争关系进行了研究。结果表明：该海域饵料生物的碳氮稳定同位素比值跨度较大,海域整体食源多样性水平较高,营养结构较稳定;饵料生物δ13C和δ15N值存在明显的季节差异,春季饵料生物的营养级显著低于秋季;浮游动物的营养生态位在两个季节间未发生明显的偏移,但其他饵料生物的生态位的位置和重叠度发生了一定变化,这或许与饵料生物摄食选择的季节差异有关;鱼类、虾类和头足类的营养生态位在不同采样时期分别表现出不同的重叠和分化特征,证明了不同饵料生物对食物选择的差异性。相关研究结果可为类似海域生物营养生态位的研究提供参考,也可为东海海域渔业资源的可持续开发利用和生态环境的保护提供科学资料。 相似文献
9.
福建海区拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和锈斑
的食性与营养级研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
的食性与营养级研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3 本文主要研究福建海区拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和锈斑(虫寻)3种经济蟹类的食性与营养级.结果表明,3种蟹类胃饱满系数呈现明显的季节变化,拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和锈斑(虫寻)胃饱满系数高峰分别出现在秋季、春季和冬季;3种蟹类皆为摄食混合饵料的动物,甲壳类和鱼类是它们的主要食物,其食性的生态类型较为接近,拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹属较典型的底栖生物食性类型,而锈斑(虫寻)的食性相对较杂.其混合饵料的营养级分别为2.38、2.59和2.60,均处于第三营养层次(低级肉食性动物).3种蟹类之间的食物的重叠指数均超过0.7,它们的食物重叠显著,对该海域的甲壳动物(主要是长尾类和短尾类)、鱼类、珊瑚虫、腹足类、底栖藻类等饵料资源存在激烈的竞争. 相似文献
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福建海区拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和锈斑(虫寻)的食性与营养级研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文主要研究福建海区拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和锈斑(虫寻)3种经济蟹类的食性与营养级.结果表明,3种蟹类胃饱满系数呈现明显的季节变化,拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和锈斑(虫寻)胃饱满系数高峰分别出现在秋季、春季和冬季;3种蟹类皆为摄食混合饵料的动物,甲壳类和鱼类是它们的主要食物,其食性的生态类型较为接近,拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹属较典型的底栖生物食性类型,而锈斑(虫寻)的食性相对较杂.其混合饵料的营养级分别为2.38、2.59和2.60,均处于第三营养层次(低级肉食性动物).3种蟹类之间的食物的重叠指数均超过0.7,它们的食物重叠显著,对该海域的甲壳动物(主要是长尾类和短尾类)、鱼类、珊瑚虫、腹足类、底栖藻类等饵料资源存在激烈的竞争. 相似文献
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东山湾鱼类食物网研究 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
本文分析了东山湾８５种经济鱼类的食物关系，结果表明，东山湾鱼类的食性类型可分为：浮游生物食性；底栖生物食性；游泳动物食性；浮游生物和底栖生物食性；底栖生物和游泳动物食性及浮游生物，底栖生物和游泳动物食性等６种，这些鱼类可分为４个营养级：（１）杂食性鱼类；（２）低级肉食性鱼类；（３）中级肉食性鱼类；（４）高级肉食性鱼类，其中低级肉食性鱼类占优势。东山湾 鱼类食物网的能量流动可简要归纳为６种途径，小公 相似文献
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渤、黄、东海高营养层次重要生物资源种类的营养级研究 总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47
利用2000年和2001年2次大面调查所收集的11970个胃含物样品分析结果,计算了黄海和东海生态系统高营养层次35个重要生物资源种类的营养级,同时,结合对渤海和黄海39个种类营养级历史数据的修正,讨论研究了我国海洋高营养层次生物资源种类营养级的研究策略和计算方法。主要研究结果为：(1)渤海重要生物资源种类营养级的变化范围为3．12～4．9,黄海为3．2～4．9,东海为3．29～4．55。近年来各海域高营养层次的营养级呈下降趋势,如渤海从1959年的4．1下降到1998～1999年的3．4,黄海从1985～1986年的3．7下降到2000～2001年的3．4;(2)高营养层次营养级波动主要是由于群落种类组成变化及单种类营养级年间波动引起的,而单种类营养级年间波动又直接与群体个体变小以及摄食食物的低营养层次化有关。因此,高营养层次的营养级变化是认识海洋生态系统生物生产动态的重要指标,需要对其进行长期和系统的监测;(3)建议在今后的研究中,根据简化食物网的概念,对占生物量绝对多数的重要生物资源种类的营养级进行重点研究并采用国际通用的标准划分计算营养级。 相似文献
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Trophic structure of the Barents Sea fish assemblage with special reference to the cod stock recoverability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The species composition and trophic structure of the Barents Sea fish assemblage is analysed based on data from research survey trawls and diet analyses of various species. Atlantic cod was the dominant fish species encountered, accounting for more than 55% by abundance or biomass. Only five fish species (long rough dab, thorny skate, Greenland halibut, deepwater redfish and saithe) were sufficiently abundant to be considered as possible food competitors with cod in the Barents Sea. However, possible trophic competition is not high, due to low spatial and temporal overlap between cod and these other species. Analyses of fish assemblages and trophic structures of the Barents Sea and other areas (North Sea, Western Greenland, Newfoundland-Labrador shelf) suggest that Barents Sea cod is the only cod stock for which the ability to recover may not be restricted by trophic relations among fishes, due to a lack of other abundant predatory species and low potential for competition caused by spatial-temporal changes. 相似文献
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Food preferences, feeding attributes, trophic guilds, and ontogenetic changes in diet compositions of 45 fish species collected along coastal waters in the southern areas of the South China Sea, Thailand were examined. Most species had high food intake and fed on specific ranges of food types. Shrimp was the most important food (31.7%), followed by calanoid copepod (16.8%), fish (12.7%) and gammarid amphipod (8.3%). These fishes can be categorized into six different trophic guilds and further divided into four categories namely; piscivore, zooplanktivore, zoobenthivore and miscellaneous/opportunist. Numbers of feeding guilds at each depth vary between four and five. Four of these are consistently found throughout the year at all zones; shrimp predator, piscivore, calanoid copepod feeder and a combination of polychaete and other food feeders. Ontogenetic studies indicate that fishes are more likely to group according to species rather than size. This scientific information is important when examining the complex association between fishes and identifying groups of species using similar resources. 相似文献
17.
The spatial and temporal characteristics of trophic structure of fish communities in the southern Huanghai Sea were examined based on the data sampled from bottom trawl surveys conducted during the autumn of 2000 and the spring of 2001. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster method and bootstrap randomization were used to identify significant trophic groups for each fish assemblage in the southern Huanghai Sea. A total of six major trophic groups were identified within this system, which classified predators based upon location in the water column or prey size （ i. e. , benthic to pelagic predators or fish to small invertebrate prey predators）. The similarity level used to identify significant trophic groups in each assemblage ranged from 24% to 34%. Although planktivores were the dominant trophic group in each assemblage （60% - 79% ）, there were spatial and temporal variations in the trophic structure, which reflected the differences in the abundance and availability of dominant preys. Simplified food webs were constructed to evaluate the most important trophic relationships between the dominant prey taxa and the fishes in each assemblage within this system. Although there were some differences in the key prey species among different food webs, pelagic prey items （mainly euphausiids and copepods） represent the most important energetic link between primary producers and higher trophic level predators. The trophic level for most fishes was between 3 and d, and the weighted mean trophic level for each assemblage ranged from 3.3 to 3.4. Compared with previous study in the mid-1980s, there was an obvious downward trend in the trophic level for most fish species, which resulted mainly from the fluctuation in key prey species in the Huanghai Sea. The decrease in the importance of Japanese anchovy seems to be offset by other abundant prey species such as Euphausia pacifica and copepods （ mainly Calanus sinicus ） . 相似文献
18.
The green–blue swing: plasticity of plankton food‐webs in response to coastal oceanographic dynamics 
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下载免费PDF全文 Domenico D'Alelio Maria Grazia Mazzocchi Marina Montresor Diana Sarno Adriana Zingone Iole Di Capua Gayantonia Franzè Francesca Margiotta Vincenzo Saggiomo Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1155-1170
The internal organization of plankton communities plays a key role in biogeochemical cycles and in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the structure of a marine plankton community (including both unicellular and multicellular organisms) was inferred by applying an ecological network approach to species abundances observed weekly at the long‐term ecological research station MareChiara (LTER‐MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean Sea) in the summers of 2002–2009. Two distinct conditions, characterized by different combination of salinity and chlorophyll values, alternated at the site: one influenced by coastal waters, herein named ‘green’, and the other reflecting more offshore conditions, named ‘blue’. The green and blue ‘phases’ showed different keystone biological elements: namely, large diatoms and small‐sized flagellates, respectively. Several correlations amongst species belonging to different trophic groups were found in both phases (connectance ~0.30). In the green phase, several links between phytoplankton and mesozooplankton and within the latter were detected, suggesting matter flow from microbes up to carnivorous zooplankton. A microbial‐loop‐like sub‐web, including mixo‐ and heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ciliates, was present in the green phase, but it was relatively more important in the blue phase. The latter observation suggests a more intense cycling of matter at the microbial trophic level in the blue phase. These results show that different modes of ecological organization can emerge from relatively small changes in the composition of aquatic communities coping with environmental variability. This highlights a significant plasticity in the internal structure of plankton webs, which should be taken into account in predictions of the potential effects of climatic oscillations on aquatic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles therein. 相似文献
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The northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, from Iceland to the Azores (MAR), is the largest topographical feature in the Atlantic Ocean. Despite its size, few studies have described dietary patterns of pelagic fishes along the MAR. MAR-ECO, a Census of Marine Life field project, aimed to describe the food web structure of abundant fish species along the ridge through a series of research expeditions to the MAR. Among the midwater fishes sampled during the MAR-ECO project, Bathylagus euryops (Osmeriformes: Bathylagidae) was the biomass-dominant pelagic species and ranked third in total abundance. In this paper, we describe the dietary composition of B. euryops along the MAR. Overall, copepods represented the dominant prey group consumed by B. euryops. Multivariate analyses, including a cluster analysis and a canonical correspondence analysis, revealed that fish size significantly influenced the diet of B. euryops with ostracods representing the most important prey group at small sizes (<95 mm) and decapod shrimp and calanoid copepods becoming more important with increasing fish size. Due to the high abundance and biomass observed along the MAR combined with its role as a link for energy transfer between zooplankton and higher trophic level predators, B. euryops appears to be an ecologically important species in the oceanic food web of the North Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
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A. K. Zalota G. A. Kolyuchkina A. V. Tiunov S. V. Biriukova V. A. Spiridonov 《Oceanology》2017,57(2):289-297
This work concerns the trophic web positioning of the alien crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii and other common marine invertebrate species and fishes in the benthic ecosystem of the shallows of Taman Bay, Sea of Azov. The base of the trophic web in this system is composed of phytoplankton, macrophytes (algae and marine grasses), and reeds that use atmospheric carbon for photosynthesis. Analysis of the isotopic composition of nitrogen and carbon has shown that although marine grasses are dominating primary producers in the shallows of the bay, primary consumers (such as Cerastoderma glaucum, Porifera gen. sp., Gammarus aequicauda, Deshayesorchestia deshayesii and Idotea balthica) only partially use this organic source; instead, they use a combination of different sources of primary production. It has been shown that the food source of the alien crab is primarily of animal origin. In Taman Bay, R. harrisii is on the same trophic level as other carnivores/scavengers: benthic fishes Syngnathus nigrolineatus, Gobius spp. and native crab Pilumnus hirtellus and shrimp Palaemon adspersus. 相似文献