共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(Z1)
亚洲沙尘是全球沙尘的重要组成部分,黄海是受亚洲沙尘影响较大的海域。沙尘沉降是海洋营养元素的重要来源之一,对海洋异养细菌的生长有重要影响。为研究亚洲沙尘沉降对黄海海域异养细菌丰度和活性的影响,于2014年11月在北黄海S1站位和南黄海S2站位分别进行了船基围隔培养实验,通过添加不同浓度的沙尘和无机磷研究沙尘沉降对海洋异养细菌的作用过程。结果显示,沙尘的添加在南、北黄海海域均显著提高了异养细菌丰度和高核酸菌比例(HNA%),高浓度沙尘对异养细菌丰度和活性的促进作用最显著,培养结束后使北黄海和南黄海异养细菌丰度分别增加了62%和45%;磷的添加在北黄海海域显著提高了异养细菌丰度和高核酸菌比例(HNA%),高浓度磷对异养细菌丰度和活性的促进作用最显著,培养结束后使异养细菌丰度增加了50%。研究表明,沙尘能够缓解北黄海磷对异养细菌生长的限制,促进异养细菌的生长,增强异养细菌的活性,提高异养细菌在海洋生态系统中的生态功能。南黄海海域,沙尘在短期内对异养细菌的生长表现为抑制作用,降低了异养细菌的活性;沙尘在长期内对异养细菌的生长表现为促进作用,增强了异养细菌活性。等量沙尘的沉降方式不同,对生态系统的影响结果存在较大差异。 相似文献
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国内外关于好氧不产氧光合异养细菌(AAPB)和上升流之间关系的研究甚少。本文采用“基于蓝细菌校正的时序红外显微技术”研究了台湾海峡南部近岸上升流中心区AAPB对上升流变化的响应。研究结果发现,在上升流涌升的初始阶段,AAPB和总异养细菌丰度较低;随着上升流的发展,两者丰度均增加并在上升流的成熟期达到最高值;而当上升流衰退时,AAPB和总异养细菌丰度开始下降。在上升流发展过程中,AAPB丰度与叶绿素a浓度在一定范围内呈显著正相关,但同时受环境低磷浓度的限制,总异养细菌丰度与氮、磷、硅营养盐均有显著正相关,表明叶绿素a指示的浮游植物所释放的溶解有机碳和环境中的磷限制可能对AAPB起着更为直接和重要的作用,而营养盐则可能在总异养细菌对上升流的响应中起着重要作用。本研究有助于我们理解AAPB在碳及其他生源要素循环中的作用及其调控机制。 相似文献
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海洋异养浮游细菌生物量及生产力的制约因素 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
根据海洋异养浮游细菌既是分解者，又是生产者的特点，从生态学方面探讨了海洋异养浮游细菌在海洋生态系统中的作用、研究现状及细菌生物量和生产力的制约因素。认为具有重要生态学意义的海洋异养浮游细菌生物量和生产力的主要影响因素有溶解性有机碳的性质及含量、无机营养盐浓度、海水温度、微量金属元素(如铁)含量、海洋异养浮游动物的摄食能力和噬菌体的感染等。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(10)
于2012年8月利用现场调查结合现场培养的方法研究了南海南部海域异养浮游细菌的生物量、呼吸速率、比生长速率和生长效率对外源营养物的响应。结果表明,南海南部海域异养细菌生物量低于北部海域;外源营养物可显著影响南海南部异养细菌生物量、比生长速率和细菌呼吸速率。在海盆区域S1站,异养细菌生长主要受DOC和氮限制,同时添加DOC、氮和磷会使细菌生物量、比生长速率和细菌呼吸速率明显增加;而在近海陆架S2站主要受磷限制,DOC和磷的添加会极大地促进异养细菌生长。分析发现,外源营养物在促进异养细菌生长的也同时也提高了异养细菌的物质转换效率,使异养细菌的异养程度进一步加大。 相似文献
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通过以海水养殖动物病原菌为靶细菌在象山港养殖水域成功诱导分离到各种蛭弧菌,开展了蛭弧菌、弧菌、异养细菌季节生态分布特征研究。研究结果表明,不同种类或同种不同菌株宿主所对应的敏感蛭弧菌数量呈现明显差异,付溶血弧菌敏感蛭弧菌检出率(数值)最高。同一宿主检测出的敏感蛭弧菌在近岸海水、池塘水及底泥中的分布呈现差异,其分布特征与异养细菌、弧菌的分布特征呈正相关。近岸海水中异养细菌和弧菌总数均高于塘内海水;虾塘表泥中异氧细菌和弧菌总数均高于近岸海水和池塘海水中细菌数量;夏季各种细菌数量最高,冬季最低。蛭弧菌的最适生长温度为25~30℃。 相似文献
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通过现场调查和模拟培养实验,对辽河口湿地芦苇生长期内土壤异养细菌的变化规律及其主要影响因素进行了研究。野外现场调查结果表明,异养细菌数量6月份最多,8月份最少;植被长势良好区异养细菌数量比裸滩区高1倍左右。现场培养实验结果表明,盐分、C/N、石油、植被对异养细菌数量均有影响,异养细菌数量随盐分增加而减少;C/N比值增加,异养细菌数量明显增多,碳氮比为10∶1时,异养细菌数最大,约为对照组的3倍;石油会显著抑制异养细菌生长,浓度越高,异养细菌数量越少;有植被组的异养细菌数量明显高于无植被组。 相似文献
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通过现场调查和模拟培养实验,对辽河口湿地芦苇生长期内土壤异养细菌的变化规律及其主要影响因素进行了研究.野外现场调查结果表明,异养细菌数量6月份最多,8月份最少;植被长势良好区异养细菌数量比裸滩区高1倍左右.现场培养实验结果表明,盐分、C/N、石油、植被对异养细菌数量均有影响,异养细菌数量随盐分增加而减少;C/N比值增加,异养细菌数量明显增多,碳氮比为10∶1时,异养细菌数最大,约为对照组的3倍;石油会显著抑制异养细菌生长,浓度越高,异养细菌数量越少;有植被组的异养细菌数量明显高于无植被组. 相似文献
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生态学代谢理论(metabolic theory of ecology, MTE)指的是生物的代谢速度随着温度的升高而增加,随生物个体大小(即生物量)的增加而异速增长。根据MTE理论可预测异养过程与自养过程对温度的反应不同,低温对异养代谢的抑制要明显;而随着温度升高,异养代谢升高的速度比自养代谢升高的速度要快。MTE理论可以对海洋浮游微食物网生物的代谢研究进行理论指导,用于解释一些低温造成的海洋浮游生态学现象,以及预测全球变暖的影响。多年来人们一直根据MTE理论开展理论分析和实验检验,发现低温会抑制细菌和微型浮游动物的生长,并可以降低微型浮游动物的摄食率。春季高纬度海区的海水温度会抑制细菌的生长,而浮游植物则几乎不受影响,从而造成春季水华发生。温度和底物浓度是冷海(水温≤4℃)细菌生长率低的原因,但在永冷海(周年温度≤4℃的海区,包括极地海区和深海的大部分)中究竟是低温还是底物浓度限制了细菌的生长率仍被争论。全球变暖的预测认为本世纪海洋表层温度会升高2～6℃。根据MTE理论,温度升高对自养和异养过程的影响不同,围隔实验证明全球变暖将导致水华与细菌、水华与微型浮游动物的时滞变小,促进微型浮游动物对细菌和浮游植物的摄食,改变有机物质自养生产和异养消耗之间的平衡,使更多的物质和能量进入呼吸作用,使得生态系统变得更加异养。但在温度升高对海洋细菌生长效率和细菌生物量变化的研究方面,MTE理论还有一定的局限性,需要进一步的理论分析和实验检验。 相似文献
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Chenhui Xiang Yao Li Zhixin Ke Gang Li Yadong Huang Xinying Su Liangmin Huang Xinyu Song 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(8):99-110
Planktonic metabolism plays an important role in affecting the energy transportation and carbon cycle of the marine ecosystem. However, its regulation mechanism remains unclear under the continuously exogenous nutrient inputs in nearshore waters. In this study, a mesocosm experiment was conducted in a semi-enclosed bay, the Daya Bay, to explore the responses of plankton metabolic balance and community structure to a concentration gradient of daily nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. The results showed that nutrient enrichments promoted phytoplankton biomass, total primary production, and community respiration, and the promoting effect enhanced alongwith the increase of nutrient concentration. However, the net community production fluctuated more violently between autotrophic and heterotrophic with the increase of nutrient inputs and tended to be more heterotrophic from the 5th day to the 10th day of the experiment. In addition, the daily flux of nitrogen and phosphorus, 2 μmol/(L·d) and 0.066 μmol/(L·d), respectively, could be regarded as a potential threshold for ecosystem stability and health, since most of the ecological characteristics related to plankton structure and function have undergone significant changes when the nutrient level is higher than that. In the nearshore enclosed or semi-enclosed waters, nutrient from continuous terrigenous input is likely to be concentrated and exceed this level, indicating the ecological risks due to the metabolic unbalance and the deterioration of plankton community structure. 相似文献
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河口区海域是河川径流与海水交汇混合的地带，水环境各要素的变化相当复杂，构成了一个特殊的生态系统。
河口水的盐度因径流量的变化和潮汐的作用而具明显的季节变化和日变化。丰富的有机碎屑和各种营养物质随着河川径流不断地汇入河口水域，为浮游生物的大量繁殖提供了有利条件，使河口海域成为不同营养级生物生产过程极其强盛的区域；同时，大量有机碎屑和生物尸体的存在也使得河口海域微生物的生命活动异常活跃。
然而另一方面，随着近代工业的发展，城市规模的扩大，注入河口水域的工业废水和生活污水不断增多，对河口生态系统形成了与日俱增的威胁和冲击。海河口区就是其中比较突出的一个。
尽管近年来，对区域性海洋异养细菌的生态分布的调查研究国内外已有不少报道(陈騳、钱振儒等， 1982 ；张景镛、李士荣等， 1984; Ishida， Y. & H. Kadota,. 1974; Austin, B.& S. Garges et al., 1979; Simida, U., N. Taga et al., 1980; Sugita, H., H. Tanami et al., 1981; Simida, U., K. Tsukamoto et al., 1982; Sugahara, L, L. C. Lim et al., 1984)，但是有关河口水域海洋异养细菌的生态分布及其菌群组成特点的调查研究报告，在国内则尚未见到。
调查了解海河口区有机污染水域中海洋异养细菌的分布规律和菌群的组成特点，不仅有助于阐明富营养化与海洋微生物间的关系，而且对于河口生态系统的深人研究也是有意义的。 相似文献
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采用培养与16S rRNA基因序列比对的方法,对海水网箱养殖区底泥中的可培养细菌进行研究。结果表明,网箱正下方的产芽孢细菌比例高达50%,随着离网箱距离的增加,产芽孢细菌的比例明显降低,200m远时,其比例降至17%。从3个采样点分离纯化出91株产芽孢细菌,对其菌落形态、菌体形态的研究和部分菌株16S rRNA基因的DGGE带型和序列分析表明,91株产芽孢细菌中,有85株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的10个种,25个发育型;6株属于盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus)的1个种,3个发育型。芽孢杆菌属的B.marisflavi、B.baekryungensis、B.aquaemaris、B.pumilu等4个种为优势类群。此外,接近半数的产芽孢细菌能代谢含硫化合物,部分菌株能够还原硝酸盐或分解无机磷化合物,仅有3株菌具有亚硝酸盐还原作用。 相似文献
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Mark F. Bautista 《Marine Chemistry》1985,16(4):369-377
Diurnal and diel rates of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) were measured in an intertidal marine mat community consisting of Microcoleus chthonoplastes, Lyngbya aestuarii, and an underlying layer of anaerobic bacteria (probably photosynthetic, fermentative, and sulfate reducing bacteria). The community is located on Shackleford Banks, a barrier island off the coast of North Carolina. Rates of nitrogenase activity during the diurnal period were generally highest in the morning. Rates measured during the day, but incubated in the dark, at times equalled those of samples incubated continuously in the light. Fixation also occurred at night. Mat samples deprived of light prior to the acetylene reduction assay continued to reduce acetylene during the night and into the following day, although at lower rates than samples exposed to light. The persistence of dark nitrogenase activity serves as evidence that reducing power initially generated through photosynthesis can be stored and subsequently utilized through heterotrophic metabolism. Although cyanobacteria are responsible for light-mediated nitrogenase activity, non-photosynthetic bacterial contributions to dark-mediated nitrogenase activity cannot be ruled out. 相似文献
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N. D. Romanova Yu. A. Mazei D. V. Tikhonenkov A. F. Sazhin A. I. Azovsky 《Oceanology》2013,53(3):334-344
The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the heterotrophic microbial communities (bacteria, flagellates, and ciliates) in the thin water-sediment layer in the Kara Sea are analyzed. The bacterial abundance correlated with the concentration of organic matter, whereas their size depended on the abundance of heterotrophic flagellates. The number of species of heterotrophic flagellates increased with the increase in the bacterial number. A positive relationship between the bacterial abundance and the ration of heterotrophic flagellates was observed at the offshore stations, probably due to the grazing pressure. The density of the ciliates on the soft silty and sandy-silty sediments was extremely low. The share of upstream filter feeding ciliate species increased with the increase in the abundance of the flagellates, probably due to the shift to less selective feeding strategies at higher values of the food concentrations. The classification of the heterotrophic microbial communities in the surface sediment layer has revealed two distinct types of the communities. The river communities are rich in species and are characterized by the high abundance of microorganisms. They are gradually replaced by marine communities at the salinity of 9%. 相似文献
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Effect of sulfate- and nitrate-reducing bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and natural mi-crobiota on corrosion of 5 metal materials in an imitated marine environment were prelimi-narily studied. The experimental results showed that, in sea mud, corrosion rates for 4of the 5 metals were actively correlative with the numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria, and 相似文献
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Khalid Maskaoui Tianling Zheng Huasheng Hong Zhiming Yu Zhong Hu Yun Tian Lizhe Cai 《海洋学报(英文版)》2003,22(3):443-451
The surface and bottom waters samples were collected from six locations in Xiamen western sea. The quantified estimation of bacterial production (3H-thymidine method) and observation of bacterial heterotrophic activity (14C-glucose method) have been made in order to have a better understanding of the role of marine bacteria and their activities. The results showed that the mean value of bacterial heterotrophic activity was 9×108 cells/(L.h) in the surface waters and 2.6×108 cells/(L.h) in the bottom waters. The mean value of bacterial production was 38×108 cells/(L.h) in the surface waters and 7.1×108 cells/(L.h) in the bottom waters. The relationship between bacterial production, heterotrophic activity, POC and DOC measured during this survey were discussed. The good understanding of the relationship between bacteria activity and total coliform was addressed. 相似文献