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北京地区百花山、东灵山表土花粉的特征分析 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27
本文分析了北京地区百花山、东灵山两个垂直带谱不同植被类型的表土花粉，通过表土花粉百分比和浓度图式分析，结合垂直带谱的植被特征，初步回答了某些植物科属表土花粉与其植被的特征关系，并试图结合植物科属花粉产量的特征、散布能力、保存条件及地形特征对表土花粉中一些植物科属的代表性作了探讨，从而为依据化石孢粉恢复北京地区乃至华北地区的历史植被和环境提供了重要参考资料。 相似文献
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云南玉龙山地区的表土花粉散布特征 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
在对玉龙山—虎跳峡—点苍山一带表土孢粉调查的基础上，对区内植被与孢粉散布的关系进行了探讨。共划分了5个孢粉带，对应的植被带分别为高山灌丛、草地带、寒温针叶林带、针叶林带(分两个类型)、干热河谷稀树草地。在寒温针叶林带中依据建群种花粉峰值的不同可划分云杉林、冷杉林及红杉林群落。云杉林中草坪上的孢粉组合与林中基本一致，显示了区域植被在花粉组合中的重要作用。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(4)
对青藏高原东北部地区65样点进行了植被调查与表土花粉分析,样品取自于6种类型的植被带内,包括森林、高山灌丛、高山草甸、温带草原、荒漠草原、灌木半灌木荒漠。结果显示:青藏高原东北部地区花粉组合能较好地反映主要的植被群落特征。蒿藜比值(A/C)对该区域多年平均降水量(MAP)十分敏感,A/C值从高山灌丛草甸、温带草原到荒漠灌丛带呈逐渐降低趋势。DCA排序分析结果显示:该地区表土花粉能很好地反映相应植被群落特征,表土花粉分布与多年平均降水量(MAP)呈显著相关,与7月平均温度呈负相关关系。该研究为青海湖及柴达木盆地湖泊沉积物花粉分析定量重建古气候、古环境提供了很好的理论基础。 相似文献
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本文依据南海低纬地区SA09-090孔高分辨率的孢粉记录,从下至上划分了4个孢粉组合带,从孢粉成分的变化,重建了15kaBP以来的植被和气候变化历史。研究结果发现:15.0—12.5kaBP期间研究区花粉主要来自当地出露的陆架,揭示出出露的陆架植被类型是以热带低山雨林和低地雨林为主。海滨地区生长着茂盛的红树林,当时气温比现在低一些,但无明显变干现象。12—10kaBP期间植被中低山雨林花粉增多,红树植物花粉减少,这说明此时海平面上升,气温也回升,花粉源区变远。全新世时(10kaBP至今),花粉主要来源于加里曼丹岛和周围岛屿,植被以低山雨林和海滨红树植物为主,但花粉浓度大幅降低,这种花粉浓度降低说明海平面继续上升,研究区距离花粉源区越来越远。全新世中期时为热、湿的气候环境,后期与现今相近。 相似文献
5.
根据南海低纬地区SA09-090孔高分辨率的孢粉记录,从下至上划分了4个孢粉组合带,依据孢粉成分的变化,重建了15 000 aBP以来的植被和气候变化历史.研究结果发现:冰消期早期(15.0～12.5 kaBP)研究区花粉主要来自当地出露的陆架,揭示出出露的陆架植被以热带低山雨林和低地雨林为主.海滨地区生长着茂盛的红树... 相似文献
6.
南海深海柱状沉积物中孢粉和藻类研究及古环境意义 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
张玉兰 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(1):73-76
对南海东南部323站深海柱状剖面高分辨率孢粉和藻类进行了研究，将323站从下至上划分为4个孢粉组合带，依次为：1带：Polypodiaceae-Piaceae-Pinus-Quercus（常绿）－Dacrydium-Gramineae；2带：Dicranopteris-Quercus(常绿）－Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Cyathea；3带：Polyodiaceae-Pinus-Cyperaceae-Quercus（常绿）－Lycopodium；4带：Dicranopteris-Pteridinium-Pinus-Cyathea-Polypodiaceae。并相应恢复了南海75000a以来4个植被、气候演替阶段，依次为：暖热而稍干的热带北缘半常绿季雨林－炎热、湿润的热带季雨林－暖热而稍干的热带北缘半常绿季雨林－炎热、湿润的热带季雨林，结合氧同位素测年资料，对323站地层时代划分作了讨论，为南海古气候、古环境演变研究提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
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通过对南海东部 149 站深海柱状剖面的孢粉、藻类研究,根据孢粉成分的变化将该孔沉积层从下至上划分为 4 个孢粉组合带.1 带:Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Umbellferae-Gramineae-Pteris 孢粉带(407～270cm);2 带:Dacrydium-Quercus-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae 孢粉带(270～105 cm);3 带:Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Quercus(常绿)-Pteridium 孢粉带(105～30 cm);4 带:Gleditsia-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae 孢粉带(30～0 cm).并相应恢复了南海东部 7.5 万 a 以来 4 个植被、气候、古环境演替阶段:热带北缘半常绿季雨林、热带季雨林、热带北缘半常绿季雨林和热带季雨林.结合氧同位素测年资料,对 149 站柱状地层时代作了划分. 相似文献
9.
南海北部表层沉积物的孢粉分布及其传播机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对分布于南海北部大陆架、大陆坡和海盆中的45个海底表层沉积物样品进行了孢粉分析,孢粉百分比和浓度的空间分布初步展示了珠江水流对南海北部花粉输入的重要影响,同时,也展示了某些类型的花粉和孢子同其陆地母本植被分布之间存在的关系。孢粉浓度多呈由珠江口向远岸逐渐减少的变化趋势,但在靠近海南岛附近有一个相对较高的次高值区,显示了对多数属种来说陆地和水流为主要花粉来源区和重要传入方式。研究区内蕨类孢子数量普遍较多,近岸尤其显著,这体现了内陆丰富的蕨类植被分布和温暖潮湿的气候的影响,但其百分含量却向外海呈增加的趋势,显示了其随水流传播强于空气传播的能力。大量的松属花粉可能表现了内陆地区广阔的马尾松分布,除松属花粉外的其他亚热带针叶树花粉是比较缺乏的。罗汉松花粉的表现力较好,常绿栎和栲花粉在阔叶树成分中占有较大比例,这明显高于其母本植被在周边地区的丰度,而其他热带、亚热带阔叶树花粉总的百分比较低,没有充分反映其实际的分布。北部内陆广泛分布的灌木丛并没有被其花粉所表现,这类花粉的表现力比较低,温带花粉有一定的含量,来自于东南亚的叶枝杉花粉在很多区域出现,高浓度的禾本科和莎草科花粉出现在近岸区域。 相似文献
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红树植物花粉在我国东南部海域沉积物中的分布及古环境意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为搞清我国陆架的孢粉、藻类分布规律，于１９７２年先后对黄海、东海、南海海底沉积物作了孢粉、藻类研究。结果表明，在黄海，东海表层沉积物中红树植物花粉主要由黑潮暖流北上携带而来，在南海沿岸的海湾和河流入海处沉积物中红树植物花粉含量高；水下古海岸线附近含量亦高，南海北部钻孔中的红树植物花粉系由海流搬运我国沿岸物质沉积而成；南部钻孔中的红树植物花粉主要是海流将马来西亚的菲律宾沿岸物质搬运沉积而成。 相似文献
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通过样方法和样线法对大兔屿进行植物资源调查,其主要的植被类型是亚热带常绿阔叶林、灌草丛。有维管植物69科,139属,152种。蕨类3科,3属,3种;裸子植物3科,3属,3种;被子植物63科,133属,146种。乔木20科,27属,30种;灌木31科,44属,46种,草本和藤本30科,68属,74种。其中,原生植物125种,外来植物27种,入侵植物10种,无珍稀濒危植物。植被群落的植物区系组成中,属的分析表明,大兔屿植物以热带、亚热带成分为主。种子植物属划分为12个分布区类型及其变型,其中成分最多的是泛热带分布及其变型,为区系总数的35.29%。群落以高位芽植物占主要优势,为46.71%。人工栽培的台湾相思林、马尾松林及木麻黄林总的覆盖率却高达80%。最后针对海岛特色景观的营造,对大兔屿植物资源的保护和利用提出相关的建议。 相似文献
13.
Located in the intertidal zone of the tropical and subtropical coasts, mangrove forests are an important ecosystem in the global carbon cycle and serve as a protector of local seashores. Under the double impacts of climate change,especially sea-level rise, and human activity, mangrove forests around the world have faced degradation, against which the reconstruction of the historical development of mangrove forests using an effective indicator has been regarded as a necessary strategy for designing a predictable model. As the primary product of mangrove forest, it is reasonable that the content of leaf fragments of mangrove(CLFM) buried in sediments in the form of sub-fossils potentially has the same indicative function for the development of mangrove forests as that of widely-used mangrove pollen. In this study, the leaf fragments of mangrove in two sediment cores(YLW02 and YLW03) drilled in the Yingluo Bay in Guangxi, Southwest China were picked out and weighted for calculation of CLFM, which was used as an indicator of mangrove development after examination of parallelism and a statistical correlation of the CLFM with the concentration of mangrove pollen. The results clearly show that the vertical distribution of the CLFM for the core taken from the landward margin of mangrove forests(YLW03) only parallels that of the local mangrove species(Rhizophora. stylosa) with a significantly positive correlation(R=0.56, P=0.05), while the vertical distribution of the CLFM for the core taken from the interface between seaward margin of mangrove forest and the trunk of tidal creeks of the bay(YLW02) parallels the summed concentration of mangrove pollen(SCMP) with a more positive correlation than that of YLW03(R=0.85, P=0.01), indicating that the trunk outlet of tidal creeks must have been the site where mangrove production gathered from the overall forest rather than from local production. The variations in the CLFM of both cores indicate that overall the mangrove forests in the Yingluo Bay have increasingly flourished over the last 130 years except for the interval of 1940–1950 AD in response to an increase in air temperature and decrease in rainfall, which would have resulted in an increase in seawater salinity;while the coupled extreme increases in air temperature and in rainfall in summer, which would have resulted in extreme decreases in seawater salinity, would be responsible for the relative degradation of mangrove forests in the interval of 1940–1950 AD. 相似文献
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Annotation on Mangrove Plants 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper reviews and discusses the technical terms and definition of mangrove and lnangal, as well as mangrove plant. The word mangrove has been used to refer either to the constituent plant of tropical and subtropical intertidal community or to the community itself but this usage makes mote confusion. Being leaved mangrove in the more limited sense for the constituent plant species, mangal was proposed by MacNae (1968) as a term for mangrove community, which has been universally applied to most previous studies and should be adopted now. Mangrove should be therefore defined as a tropical and subtropical tree restricted to intertidal zones, which possesses some morphological specializion and physiological mechanism adapted to its habitat, and mangal as a tropical and subtropical forest community restricted to marine intertidal zones and periodically inundeated by the tides, A new term “consortive plant” is proposed here for herb. liana, epiphyte or parasite, which is restricted in the strict mangrove habitat. 相似文献
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为了探讨海洋表层沉积物的孢粉分布与可能陆源地区植被、气候以及孢粉传播机制的关系,为南海古环境研究提供可靠的基础,采用野外取样、室内实验、计算孢粉百分比和孢粉浓度等方法,对广东沿海及海南岛东南部(108°34′12″—120°E,17°—23°43′12″N,水深为37—3370m)40个表层沉积物样品进行孢粉分析,揭示表层孢粉在整个广东沿海及海南岛东南部的分布和传播规律,尤其关注以往未涉及的广东沿岸海域的孢粉分布情况。研究发现草本花粉如禾本科Poaceae、蒿属Artemisia、藜科Chenopodiaceae、十字花科Brassiceae除在广东沿海近岸带含量较高外,一般都低,可能与沿岸热带亚热带草地分布以及水稻、甘蔗、蔬菜种植有关,推测是以冬季表层环流为动力由北向南传播的。松属Pinus花粉百分比高(20%)且传播较远,以珠江口和东沙群岛附近的样点最高,向西南逐渐降低,说明松属花粉是以冬季风为主要动力传播的。近海区域表层沉积的芒箕孢子含量很高(60%),可能与剧烈的人类活动干扰有关。而热带、亚热带阔叶林花粉(如栲属和栎属)的数量却远远低于其在陆地植被中的数量。广东沿岸的栲属Castanopsis、栎属Quercus、三缝孢Trilete-spore等花粉主要来源于海南岛和广东沿岸,可能是随河流及南海北部表层环流输送的。单缝孢及水生植物莎草科Cyperaceae的百分含量以靠近珠江口的样点较高,可能与河流的注入有关。 相似文献
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红树林作为热带、亚热带以红树植物为主体的海岸带生态系统，是重要的海岸湿地类型之一。本文使用多源、多时相遥感数据，形成了1969-2020年粤港澳大湾区岸线、围填海、养殖区、红树林分布数据图集，并利用联合红树林识别指数(CMRI)对大湾区现存红树林进行时序分析得到红树林林龄数据集。结果表明，通过多源遥感数据解译得到现存红树林数据集，结合CMRI时序数据可以建立现存红树林变迁历史，进而有效估算红树林林龄。粤港澳大湾区红树林的时空分布发生了明显变迁，现存红树林面积约为3 316 hm2，大湾区内部各地区存量林龄差异较大，整体林龄均值为20 a。近50年间，岸线整体向海移动，岸线变迁、围填海和养殖区变化显著影响红树林面积、空间分布及林龄大小，人工种植是近20年红树林恢复的主因。 相似文献
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The response of mangrove ecosystems to the Asian monsoon in the future global warming can be understood by reconstructing the development of mangrove forests during the Holocene climatic optimum(HCO), using proxies preserved in coastal sediments. The total organic matter in sediments of a segmented core, with calibrated age ranges between 5.6 and 7.7 cal. ka BP and corresponding to the HCO, from the Qinzhou Bay in Guangxi, China, is quantitatively partitioned into three end-members according to their sources: mangrove-derived, terrigenous,and marine phytoplanktonic, using a three-end-member model depicted by organic carbon isotope(δ13Corg) and the molar ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen(C/N). The percentage of mangrove-derived organic matter(MOM) contribution is used as a proxy for mangrove development. Three visible drops in MOM contribution occurred at ca. 7.3, ca. 6.9, and ca. 6.2 cal. ka BP, respectively, are recognized against a relatively stable and higher MOM contribution level, indicating that three distinct mangrove forest degradations occurred in the Qinzhou Bay during the HCO. The three mangrove forest degradations approximately correspond to the time of the strengthened/weakened Asian winter/summer monsoon. This indicates that even during a period favorable for the mangrove development, such as the HCO, climatic extremes, such as cold and dry events driven by the strengthened/weakened Asian winter/summer monsoon, can trigger the degradation of mangrove forests. 相似文献