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1.
浮桥具有重要的军事用途，在民用上也已受到越来越广泛的重视。为了使浮桥的设计既安全又经济，就必须对浮桥的载荷和强度有一个比较精确的评估。浮桥载荷具有移动性，并可能同时遭受风、浪、流联合作用，浮桥在这些载荷联合作用下的动响应分析在理论上将是一个很具挑战性的问题。通过资料的收集和整理，对国内外相关研究的现状作了介绍，并指出了研究的主要方向。 相似文献
2.
传统的卡箍设计方法是通过建立海洋平台有限元模型并在强度分析基础上提取受损单元处完好时的最大载荷,将此载荷作为卡箍设计的初始条件。而卡箍实际承担的是平台安装上卡箍之后载荷重新分担下相应受损处承受的载荷,一般会比初始设计载荷大。着重研究载荷重新分担对膨胀式自应力灌浆卡箍防滑设计和防撬设计的影响,针对渤海湾中主要承受冰载荷作用的一个典型平台结构,提出了在线单元平台有限元模型上近似模拟卡箍的方法,提取载荷重新分担下的卡箍设计载荷进行了分析。结果表明载荷重新分担对卡箍防滑设计影响较小,但对防撬设计有着显著影响,并对此提出了在螺栓设计时增加螺栓预紧力安全系数的应对措施。 相似文献
3.
本文研究了加强柱形壳体在风型载荷作用下的静力屈曲特性。由于前屈曲薄膜应力状态是非均匀的应力场，因而使问题求解的难度增加。本文应用能量近似法，求解带环肋加筋的柱形壳体的整体稳定性。 相似文献
4.
旨在了解箱型梁在极端循环载荷下的极限强度特性。利用非线性有限元方法来研究裂纹箱型梁的极限弯矩，分析了5种裂纹模型，探讨了裂纹类型、裂纹位置和裂纹长度的影响。考虑了两种载荷形式应用生死单元法对双向循环弯曲下裂纹扩展进行了模拟；并将由循环载荷引起的累积塑性损伤和疲劳裂纹损伤均考虑在内。无论单向循环还是双向循环，单裂纹模型的极限弯矩均小于双裂纹模型的极限弯矩；单边裂纹是最危险的裂纹类型。进一步分析了极端循环载荷下裂纹箱型梁的极限强度折减机理，得出了极限强度折减归因于这两种损伤的耦合作用的结论，并通过其他箱型梁验证了其适用性。 相似文献
5.
应用非线性谱分析理论，对三阶Stokes型随机波浪载荷谱进行了分析，将波面方程及海水质点的水平速度用一阶波面的非线性组表示，导出了随机波浪谱的表达式。为了便于求解随机波浪的载荷谱，将阻力项展开为幂级数式，并应用非线性谱分析理论，确定了幂级数的系数，进而将波浪载荷表示为一阶波面及其导数的非线性组合，最后得出波浪载荷谱密度的表达式，并应用数值分析方法，得出单位桩柱波浪力及总波浪力谱密度。 相似文献
6.
为了研究循环载荷作用下扶强材初始损伤对其极限强度的影响,进行了14组扶强材的循环加载试验和分析。构造了考虑材料累积损伤完整、断筋和大变形的扶强材单元极限承载力计算公式,提出了相应循环载荷作用下损伤扶强材单元的端缩曲线表达式和船体梁极限强度计算的简化逐步破坏法。编制了循环载荷作用下船体梁损伤极限强度计算程序,进行了船体梁极限强度计算,并与有限元结果进行对比。研究结果表明：改进的损伤扶强材模型可较为准确地描述扶强材材料损伤的完整、断筋和大变形的极限承载力退化情况,扶强材腹板断裂的损伤相较初始大变形及材料累积损伤形式承载力下降程度更明显;所提出的循环载荷作用下损伤船体梁极限强度计算的简化逐步迭代方法,能定量地计算扶强材在不同类型损伤下的极限承载力退化程度,具有较高精度,方便易行,可应用于工程设计。 相似文献
7.
触地段(Touchdown zone, TDZ)是在役钢悬链线立管(Steel catenary riser, SCR)的关键部位,在复杂载荷作用下,极易形成损伤缺陷,其载荷寿命的评估是深海结构工程中的一个关键问题。本文以大型有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,运用损伤管道实体单元与土弹簧阻尼单元相互作用的模型模拟触地段损伤海底管道在复杂载荷作用下的动力响应,数值计算考虑了管-土相互作用过程中的材料非线性、几何非线性以及接触非线性。讨论了单一环向体积损伤位于触地段管道的不同位置时,触地段损伤管道在不同载荷作用下的动力特性及特征点的动力响应。结果表明,管道所受内外压力以及管道提升端的竖向位移载荷会影响结构的自振频率;体积损伤部位的动力响应较完好部位更剧烈;体积损伤的位置和动力载荷频率对管道动力放大系数的影响很大;当动力载荷的激励频率越接近结构基频时,损伤管道的动力响应及动力放大系数越大。 相似文献
8.
为研究以流体粒子描述波浪运动，以固体单元描述砾石运动的两相介质大变形运动，在港口、海岸工程科学研究中具有重要意义。本文提出砾石单元法（GEM），介绍了光滑粒子动力学方法（SPH）和GEM的基本原理，阐述了GEM与离散单元法（DEM）的异同之处，说明了采用SPH方法与GEM构建波浪砾石耦合运动数学模型的方法和过程。应用SPH方法建立数值波浪水槽，用GEM模拟波浪作用下堆积砾石的滚落、坍塌变形，构建了SPH方法与GEM耦合数学模型。模拟了水槽造波和波浪生成过程和波浪作用下砾石的滚落、坍塌变形，并与物理模型试验成果进行了比较，结果基本吻合。本文提出的GEM法具有模拟单相堆积砾石运动和堆积砾石与流体粒子耦合多相介质运动的功能，是对DEM法的补充和改善。本文提出的堆积力学球概念和拟序排列求解方法是砾石单元法的重要组成部分。 相似文献
9.
基于广义接触模型的离散元方法及其对船体冰载荷的分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冰载荷是影响船舶结构安全的主要环境载荷,因而确定破冰船的冰载荷特征可用于船体结构设计及船舶安全预警分析。海冰作为典型的脆性材料,可采用单元间具有黏结失效效应的离散元方法模拟其破碎行为。为有效地模拟海冰破碎的渐进过程,采用由局部黏结点组成黏结单元的广义接触模型。为分析该模型中直接决定黏结单元失效的强度参数的影响,采用海冰单轴压缩和三点弯曲试验数值模拟进行分析。通过模型试验确定了失效模型中法向黏结强度、切向黏结强度和Mohr-Coulomb准则中的接触摩擦系数的影响。将该数值模型应用于极地科学考察船"雪龙号"的平整冰区冰载荷分析中,并与船舶整体冰阻力经验公式进行了对比验证。 相似文献
10.
钢管脐带缆包含多种螺旋缠绕的功能单元，其在外力载荷下会发生相对运动，而且钢管的刚度较大对扭转平衡有重要影响，因此，相对于普通电缆，钢管脐带缆在扭转平衡设计时更加困难。根据扭转平衡理论公式，采用控制变量法，以第二层铠装钢丝的绞合角度为变量进行扭转平衡设计。首先建立脐带缆缆芯有限元模型，对其施加拉伸载荷，结果显示缆芯出现了扭转，这证明不能将脐带缆缆芯视为一实心圆柱。其次建立不同绞合角度的脐带缆有限元模型，设置各功能单元的材料属性和摩擦系数，分析模型在拉伸载荷下的扭转角度，并将相同拉伸载荷下的扭转角度拟合为直线，从而得到钢管脐带缆在扭转平衡状态时的最优绞合角度。最后，采用试验方法对实物钢管脐带缆进行扭转平衡测试，测试结果显示在拉伸载荷下脐带缆单位长度扭转角度十分微小，这表明缆是扭转平衡的。因此验证了使用的有限元方法在钢管脐带缆扭转平衡设计中的有效性。 相似文献
11.
E. A. Ryzhov Yu. G. Izrailsky K. V. Koshel 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2014,50(4):420-425
The motion of a point vortex along a rectilinear boundary with a circle cavity, which models the coastline of a bay, and associated fluid particle advection are studied within a model of barotropic inviscid fluid. Using an analytical expression for the complex potential through which the velocity field is determined, we show that fluid particles start moving irregularly when the vortex is passing the cavity due to the nonstationarity of the velocity field generated by the vortex. Some of the fluid particles which were initially inside the vortex atmosphere leave it due to the irregularity and remain within the cavity vicinity. Depending on the initial position of the vortex and a parameter that determines the cavity size, the fraction of these fluid particles can differ significantly from fluid particles initially uniformly distributed within the vortex atmosphere. The escape of fluid particles from the vortex atmosphere is shown to be most efficient in the case of a relatively closed cavity under the condition that the initial vortex atmosphere area should be significantly smaller than the cavity area. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Journal of Oceanography》1977,33(1):47-53
By a model bay with a mouth and a narrow, an experiment on long period waves is carried out to discuss the behavior of the tsunamis and storm surges. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the characteristics of the current velocities associated with the long period waves incoming through the mouth in terms of Ursell's parameter. 相似文献
13.
With an additional vertical duct at the wave-beaten side, an OWC is expected to give some much better performances. This is, essentially, due to two reasons. First, an OWC with the additional vertical duct (U-OWC) has an eigenperiod greater than the eigenperiod of a conventional OWC. Second, the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations on the opening of a U-OWC is greater than the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations on the opening of a conventional OWC (the greater the smaller the wave period is). For the first reason, a U-OWC can give performances better than those of a conventional OWC both with swells and large wind waves. For the second reason, a U-OWC can give performances better than those of a conventional OWC also with small wind waves. 相似文献
14.
A two-dimensional analytical solution is presented to study the reflection and transmission of linear water waves propagating past a submerged horizontal plate and through a vertical porous wall. The velocity potential in each fluid domain is formulated using three sets of orthogonal eigenfunctions and the unknown coefficients are determined from the matching conditions. Wave elevations and hydrodynamic forces acting on the porous wall are computed. Reflection and transmission coefficients are presented to examine the performance of the breakwater system. The present analytical solutions are found in fairly good agreement with the available laboratory data. The results indicate that the plate length, the porous-effect, the gap between plate and porous wall, and the submerged depth of the plate all show a significant influence on the reflected and transmitted wave fields. It is also interesting to note that the submerged plate plays an important role in reducing the transmitted wave height, especially for long incident waves. 相似文献
15.
This paper is concerned with the vibrations of a thin plate resting on a fluid-layer subjected to a moving point force. The frequency is assumed to be low and the fluid is deep. Both the fluid and the point force are always in contact with the plate. Hankel Transform and complex integration techniques are used to calculate the lateral displacements withrespect to a moving coordinate system and a coordinate transformation is used to achieve the results with respect to a fixed point. Numerical results are discussed with respect to the velocity of the moving force, its direction of movement and the fluid depth. 相似文献
16.
Using a vertically two-dimensional, two-layer model, we have analytically examined the generation mechanism of a nonzero Eulerian
residual flow by strong tide-topography interaction in a narrow channel where the frictional effect is not included. In this
case, tidally generated baroclinic disturbances are forced non-uniformly in space and time while being advected by a strong tidal flow over the non-uniform slope of the bottom topography. Consequently, nonzero Eulerian residual flow results when averaged over one tidal period.
Although the time average of the velocity field is thus nonzero, the associated Eulerian residual transport in each layer
is compensated by a Stokes transport so that no Lagrangian residual transport results in both layers. This warns us that simple
time averaging of the velocity data obtained at a fixed mooring station might lead to a spurious material transport.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
数据稀缺生态系统中多种类质量谱模型的构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多种类生态模型已经被广泛应用于渔业活动影响应预测和管理措施效果评估。质量谱模型是一种基于生理过程构建的生态模型,该模型为描述鱼类群落在个体摄食变异和随个体发生的生态位迁移提供了一个可行的方法。尽管生态模型在增进生态系统认识上具有重要意义,其应用在数据稀缺的渔业中受到很大限制。作为实践基于生态系统渔业管理(EBFM)的第一步,本研究构建了海州湾鱼类群落的质量谱模型。本研究详述了数据收集和模型参数化的过程,以促进该模型在数据稀缺的生态系统中未来的应用。作为一个范例,研究展示了不同捕捞努力量对生态系统的影响,并采用一套生态指标监测其动态。群落生物量、多样性指数、W指数,大鱼指数(LFI),平均体重和群落质量谱斜率对捕捞压力的响应呈非线性,最大的捕捞强度并非总是对鱼类群落产生最强的影响。本文强调了构建谱模型在生态研究中的的价值和可行性,并讨论了模型的局限性和改进的可能。本研究旨在促进质量谱模型的广泛应用以更好地支持基于生态系统的渔业管理。 相似文献
18.
曹天德 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(11)
This paper deduces that the particular electronic structure of cuprate superconductors confines Cooper pairs to be first formed in the antinodal region which is far from the Fermi surface, and these pairs are incoherent and result in the pseudogap state. With the change of doping or temperature, some pairs are formed in the nodal region which locates the Fermi surface, and these pairs are coherent and lead to superconductivity. Thus the coexistence of the pseudogap and the superconducting gap is explained when the two kinds of gaps are not all on the Fermi surface. It also shows that the symmetry of the pseudogap and the superconducting gap are determined by the electronic structure, and non-s wave symmetry gap favours the high-temperature superconductivity. Why the high-temperature superconductivity occurs in the metal region near the Mott metal-insulator transition is also explained. 相似文献
19.
Experimental results of hydrofoil singing on a full-scale passenger ship are reported. It is proposed that hydrodynamic generation of a tone is caused by self-excited oscillation of a foil trailing edge. The natural frequency of the vibrating structure as well as the frequency of the external force are estimated. A lift-oscillator model is applied for modeling purposes. One effective method of eliminating the hydrofoil singing is discussed. 相似文献
20.
Necati Mahir 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(5):357-367
In this study, two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effect of the flow structure in the wake of a square cylinder placed near a plane wall by applying a fully implicit finite-difference method to the Navier-Stokes equations. The gap ratio between the cylinder and the wall, G/D, was varied from 0.2 to 4 for the Reynolds numbers of 175, 185 and 250. The role of the 3D structure on the lift and drag coefficients and Strouhal number was investigated. The results were compared with those of the 2D numerical simulations. The deviations of the 3D flow structure of the cylinder-wall pair from that of a single cylinder were also reported. At Re=250, B type secondary vortices were determined in the wake region. At Re=175 and 185, transition from A type vortex to fully periodic B type vortices was observed when the cylinder was brought closer to the wall. 相似文献