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1.
开展了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)(♀)和圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)(♂)杂交,通过静水压抑制受精卵第二极体的释放来诱导杂交三倍体,设计单因素分析实验,筛选出当前试验条件下的最佳诱导条件。结果表明:静水压法可成功诱导出杂交三倍体,诱导率主要受到受精后处理起始时刻、处理压强和压强处理时间3个因素的影响。静水压法的最佳诱导条件为:海水温度(15.0±0.2)℃,受精后3 min起,以70 MPa压力处理6 min。此时相对孵化率为(24.06±1.10)%,利用倍性分析仪对其进行倍性鉴定,三倍体率为(26.67±6.67)%。染色体分析表明,三倍体胚胎的染色体数目为71条,对照组二倍体胚胎的染色体数目为47条。还发现有少量染色体数目为24条的单倍体胚胎。研究结果为鲆鲽鱼类异源多倍体的培育提供了参考。 相似文献
2.
采用低盐度(4、6、8、10、12、14、16)和高盐度(40、45、50、55、60、65、70)在40%~50%受精卵出现第一极体时处理10和15min,进行长牡蛎三倍体的诱导。在低盐度诱导三倍体实验中,随着盐度降低,D型幼虫孵化率逐渐降低,处理10和15min的卵裂率差异显著(P0.05),孵化率差异不显著(P0.05)。当盐度为8时,处理受精卵10与15min,三倍体诱导率最高分别可达84.4%和91.0%,两处理组三倍体诱导率差异显著(P0.05)。在高盐度诱导三倍体实验中,随着盐度升高,D型幼虫孵化率逐渐降低,处理10和15min的卵裂率和孵化率均差异显著(P0.05)。当盐度为55时,处理受精卵10min,三倍体诱导率最高为80.3%;当盐度为60时,处理受精卵15min,三倍体诱导率最高为97.1%,两处理组三倍体诱导率差异显著(P0.05)。研究发现,在盐度为8和60条件下,40%~50%的受精卵出现第一极体时,处理15min,长牡蛎三倍体诱导率最高。 相似文献
3.
华贵栉孔扇贝三倍体的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文报道了用细胞松驰素B、高温和低温休克等方法诱导华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）三倍体的实验结果。在26.0～28.0℃条件下，选用不同浓度的细胞松驰素B0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7和1.0mg/dm^3，在受精后15min，处理受精卵15min，三倍体诱导率分别为12.5%、37.5%、68.0%、66.6%和81.0%，其中0.5～1.0mg/dm^3浓度的细胞松驰素B对改变倍性最有效。高温休克选用31.0、33.0、35.0和37.0℃处理受精卵，最高三倍体诱导率达46.7%（33.0℃,处理15min）。低温休克选用6.0、8.0、10.0和12.0℃处理受精卵，最高三倍体诱导率为40.7%（10.0℃，处理20min）。实验结果表明，随着处理强度的增大和处理时间的延长，三倍体诱导率增高、但孵化率下降，畸型率上升。用高温休克处理的实验组幼虫生长速度较对照组快。作者认为，在商业性生产中，温度休克是诱导扇贝三倍体的一种简便、有效的方法。文中还就细胞松驰素B与温度休克诱导三倍体的机制进行了讨论。 相似文献
4.
初步探讨了利用高盐抑制受精卵第2极体(PB2)的释放的方法诱导太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)三倍体。水温25℃条件下,分别进行不同高盐处理(盐度梯度为40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80)、不同处理时机(受精卵出现第一个PB1,30%和50%PB1,出现第一个PB2,50%PB2)和不同持续处理时间(10~25min)的实验,通过胚胎孵化率、三倍体诱导率及综合评价指数的分析表明,高盐诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体的最适方案为:当50%受精卵出第一极体时,以盐度为65的高盐海水处理受精卵20min,三倍体诱导率最高达65.53%。 相似文献
5.
大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是我国重要的海水养殖鱼种,三倍体诱导对其种质改良、产业提升和生态安全具有重要的价值。目前有关大菱鲆三倍体的人工诱导虽已有报道,但对其诱导条件缺乏细致的研究。本文采用冷休克法抑制第二极体排放,通过对诱导处理起始时刻、温度和持续时间3个主要因素的单因子实验,筛选其最佳诱导条件。结果显示,在受精和孵化水温为15.0±0.5℃条件下,受精后6 min,用–2～–1℃处理25 min可获得较好的诱导效果,流式细胞仪检测其诱导率可达100%。随后在最适条件下进行了规模化诱导,获得鱼苗200万尾以上,其诱导率高于98%。跟踪观察发现,三倍体诱导组胚胎的形态及孵化时间与二倍体对照组基本一致。本研究结果可为大菱鲆三倍体的产业化应用提供基础。 相似文献
6.
大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为我国北方沿海主要的海水经济品种,其四倍体的获得对种质改良和三倍体的规模化生产具有重要的价值。到目前为止,有关大菱鲆四倍体的人工诱导尚未见报道。本文采用静水压抑制受精卵卵裂的方法,进行了四倍体诱导条件的摸索。结果显示,在14.8—15.5?C培育时,在卵裂前15min用67.5MPa处理6min可获得较好的诱导效果,其孵化率最高可达72%,染色体制片计数法计算其原肠胚期诱导率可达70%,初孵仔鱼流仪检测诱导率最高为73%。诱导组胚胎发育与对照组在形态学上基本一致,仅发育孵化时间比对照组略有滞后。 相似文献
7.
报道采用咖啡因和热休克相结合的方法 ,抑制受精卵第二极体释放诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体的优化方案。实验结果表明 ,三倍体诱导率随着咖啡因浓度的增高而增高 ,D形幼虫的孵化率却随着咖啡因浓度的增高而降低 ;所进行 30～ 36℃热休克温度试验 ,其对三倍体诱导率影响不大 ,但对孵化率影响明显。在 2 3～ 2 5℃条件下 ,当 50 %受精卵出现第一极体时 ,用浓度为 2 g/ L的咖啡因 ,结合 33℃± 1℃的热休克 ,处理牡蛎受精卵 15min,三倍体诱导率达 80 %以上 ,孵化率在 4 5%左右。通过此法诱导的三倍体群幼虫的成活与生长情况与其二倍体群体无明显差异。 相似文献
8.
大黄鱼雌核发育二倍体的人工诱导 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用紫外线照射对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson)精子遗传物质进行完全灭活,灭活后精子与卵子受精获得雌核发育单倍体受精卵,再通过冷休克对单倍体受精卵进行倍性恢复,成功诱导出大黄鱼雌核发育二倍体。实验结果表明:(1)在紫外照射过程中照射剂量与大黄鱼精子和卵子受精后其成活率和孵化率呈现出明显的Hertwig效应,紫外照射时间超过2 min(剂量>2 400 ergs/mm2),可使大黄鱼精子遗传物质完全灭活。大黄鱼雌核发育诱导中精子遗传灭活的最适紫外照射时间为2.5 min(剂量为3 000 ergs/mm2);(2)冷休克法可成功抑制大黄鱼受精卵第二极体排放,诱导效果受处理时刻、处理时间和处理温度三因素的影响。综合雌核发育二倍体的诱导率、处理后受精卵早期胚胎存活率和仔鱼孵化率等因素,较适合的染色体加倍条件为23℃培育水温下授精后2 min,在3-4℃海水中处理10 min。 相似文献
9.
分别于1989年3—6月、1990年3—5月在天津和青岛两地采用冷、热休克法对黑鲷进行三倍体的人工诱导研究。结果表明,冷休克法诱导三倍体的效果好于热休克法,其最适诱导条件为卵子在受精后5min,温度为3—4℃的海水中处理10—20min,三倍体诱导率最高可达50.35％;正交试验证明,三倍体率受冷、热休克法的三因素影响程度的顺序由大到小依次为,处理时间、处理时刻、处理温度;黑鲷染色体数目:2n=48,3n=72,它们的染色体组型也同时获得。 相似文献
10.
《海洋科学》2010,(7)
<正>Artificial induction of mito-gynogenetic diploids in large yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena crocea)by hydrostatic pressure蔡明夷,王志勇等:研究了人工诱导大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)有丝分裂雌核发育的条件。研究结果表明,处理持续时间为3 min时,静水压抑制大黄鱼雌核发育卵第一次有丝分裂适宜的压力强度为40 Mpa,与抑制第二次减数分裂相当。作用起始时间存在一个时间窗口,25.0±1.0°C下为授精后36.1~38.1 min,在此窗口中正常仔鱼的得率没有显著性差异。其中,在授精后38.1 min开始施压,正常仔鱼得率最高,达9.36%±2.97%。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献