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1.
《应用海洋学学报》2010,(3)
2008年5月27～29日源自内蒙古南部的沙尘暴于5月30日到达厦门.受其影响,30日晚厦门风速最高达到12.6 m/s;31日本监测站大气中CO、NO2和NO含量明显下降,分别从551.3μg/m3下降至218.9μg/m3,从25.0μg/m3下降至6.7μg/m3,从8.1μg/m3下降至0.1μg/m3;6月1日其分别回升至682.4、28.7、6.5μg/m3.与CO、NO2和NO不同,PM10和SO2含量在5月31日没有明显变化,PM10含量从5月31日晚的10.1μg/m3上升至6月1日的232.6μg/m3,SO2含量从5月底的25.0μg/m3上升至52.0μg/m3,并且两者的变化显示出较好的相关性(R2=0.65).据此认为本次沙尘暴到达厦门时,在引起PM10含量增加的同时还引起了SO2含量的升高.这是沙尘暴引起中国南方城市SO2含量升高的首次报道.尽管目前SO2在中国的分布和传输已有较多研究,但对于沙尘暴在中国南方城市传输SO2的机制仍需进一步的探讨. 相似文献
2.
高浓度CO2对条浒苔(Enteromorpha clathrata)生长和一些生理生化特征的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本试验利用CO2培养箱，通过不同CO2浓度的空气通气培养，研究高浓度CO2对条浒苔（Enteromorpha clathrata）生长、光合作用及有关生理生化特征的影响。高浓度CO2使得海水中的溶解性无机碳浓度增加，而pH值下降。700μL/L和5000μL/L的CO2浓度培养条件使条浒苔的相对生长速率分别提高了12％和23％。而光合能力均下降25％。5000μL/L的CO2浓度使得条浒苔光合作用光补偿点及无机碳补偿点提高；同时，条浒苔的叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白含量下降，而可溶性碳水化合物含量增加；另外，条浒苔对NO3的吸收速度增加，而硝酸还原酶活性则下降。700μL/L的CO2浓度比5000μL/L的CO2浓度对这些指标的影响较小。 相似文献
3.
《海洋气象学报》2016,(1)
通过分析山东省近6a来大气中污染物的浓度变化,发现影响山东省空气质量的主要污染物是颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10),山东省PM2.5年平均浓度均超过国家规定的轻污染标准10%以上,PM10年平均浓度基本接近轻污染标准值,其余四种污染物(SO2、CO、O3和NO2)浓度均低于轻污染规定标准,因此山东省大气污染治理的重点是减少颗粒物。分析污染物浓度时间变化发现:11—1月山东大气污染最严重,6—9月污染较轻;济南周四污染相对最轻,周六到周一污染较重;每日15—17时是空气质量最好的时段。分析污染物浓度空间分布发现:O3浓度半岛地区较其他地区高;SO2浓度鲁中地区较高;CO浓度鲁西北和鲁中较高;NO2、PM10和PM2.5浓度分布基本一致,除半岛地区外,其他地区均维持较高污染物浓度。 相似文献
4.
利用2005～2006年每年5、8、11月份和2007年5、8、10月份厦门周边海域27个测站共9个航次现场跟踪监测资料,研究了该海域水体叶绿素含量的时空变化特征.结果表明：监测期间厦门岛周边海域表层水叶绿素a含量在0.28～28.55μg/dm^3之间,平均值为3.47μg/dm^3,平均占总叶绿素含量的70.4%;底层海水的相应值分别为0.29～18.69、3.36μg/dm^3和71.8%.表层海水叶绿素b含量在0.00～6.95μg/dm^3之间,平均值为0.78μg/dm^3;底层水的相应值分别为0.00～4.15、0.72μg/dm^3.表层水叶绿素c含量在0.00～8.13μg/dm^3之间,平均值为0.93μg/dm^3;底层水的相应值分别为0.00～5.51、0.83μg/dm^3.表、底层水叶绿素a含量的年际变化趋势相似,高峰值都出现在2006年,低谷值都出现在2005年,总体上呈逐年上升趋势.各年中叶绿素a含量的季节变化与某季节是否出现赤潮有明显的关系.在正常年份中,表、底层水叶绿素a含量季节变化曲线的峰、谷值较多出现在8月和11月;但出现赤潮时,则发生赤潮的当月（如2006年5月）一般都成为当年叶绿素a含量的峰值所在月.监测期间调查海域水体叶绿素a含量的平面分布较复杂,在正常情况下,尽管其各季的平面变化梯度差异明显,但仍大致呈西北沿岸水体的较高,向东南逐渐递减的分布态势,其高值区常出现在宝珠屿以西和九龙江口附近海域.但在发生赤潮时,其叶绿素a含量的平面变化增大,赤潮区水体的叶绿素a含量为高值中心.如2006年5月调查海域水体叶绿素a含量的平面变化大,出现赤潮的东南部海域的最高,九龙江口海域的次之,未观测到赤潮的同安湾和厦门西港大部海域水体的叶绿素a含量最低. 相似文献
5.
大亚湾海域营养盐与叶绿素含量的变化趋势及其对生态环境的影响 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
分析了近20a来大亚湾海域营养盐和叶绿素a含量的时空变化规律及其对生态环境的影响.结果表明:大亚湾海域水体中NH3N、NO3N、NO2N、PO4P、SiO3Si、DIN、叶绿素a的多年平均含量分别为1.73±0.89、1.55±0.86、0.30±0.25、3.57±1.55、0.33±0.35、22.03±9.40μmol/dm3和2.47±1.28μg/dm3.自1991年以来,水体中活性磷酸盐的含量有较大幅度的下降,溶解态的无机氮的含量则上升,活性硅酸盐的含量变化较小.大亚湾大部分水体属于贫营养水平,养殖海区水体属于中营养水平.大亚湾海域水体的N/P平均值为21.69±19.38.浮游植物的生长从过去的氮限制转变为现在的磷限制.大亚湾海域营养盐含量和结构的改变,已对该海湾生态系统产生了一定的影响,如浮游植物的小型化和渔获量的大幅下降等. 相似文献
6.
南日岛海域溶解态Cu、Pb、Cd含量及其与营养盐的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文首次报道了福建南日岛海域溶解态Cu、PB、Cd的含量，探讨了它们与营养盐的关系。1990年5月溶解态Cu、Pb、Cd的平均含量分别为0．84、0．230、0．023μg／dm3；1990年10月分别为0. 78、0．290、0. 033μg／dm3。其5月溶解态Cu与无机氮N（NO3-＋NO2-＋NH4 ）线性回归的相关式为Cu（μg／dm3）＝-0. 789＋0．328N（μmol／dm3），相关系数r＝0．853，原子比△Cu：△N＝5．17×10－3：1。 相似文献
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以三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)为研究材料,比较了Na NO3、NH4HCO3和CO(NH2)2为氮源的两种培养基(m L1和ASW培养基)对其生长和生物活性成分(岩藻黄素、金藻昆布糖和二十碳五烯酸(C20:5,EPA))时相积累的影响,同时分析了脂肪酸组成和总脂含量的变化。结果表明:以m L1培养基培养时,三角褐指藻的生物质质量浓度明显高于ASW培养基培养时的生物质质量质量浓度,尿素优于其他两种氮源,最大生物质质量质量浓度为3.7 g/L。不同培养条件下岩藻黄素含量的时相变化规律一致,均随着培养时间的延长呈现先增加后减少的趋势,其最高积累量分别为:13.27 mg/g(Na NO3)、13.23 mg/g(CO(NH2)2)和13.89 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(m L1);13.2 mg/g(Na NO3)、14.92 mg/g(CO(NH2)2)和13.6 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(ASW),由此可知氮源对岩藻黄素积累量影响不大。金藻昆布糖含量随着培养时间延长逐渐增加,其最大积累量分别为9.82 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(m L1)和8.59 mg/g(Na NO3)(ASW)。不同培养条件下其总脂含量变化不显著,均在培养末期达到最大值,分别为24.18%(NH4HCO3)(m L1)和23.79%(Na NO3)(ASW);其主要脂肪酸组成为:豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、棕榈油酸(C16:1)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、花生一烯酸(C20:1)、木焦油酸(C24:0)和EPA,其中,EPA含量随着培养时间延长逐渐下降,尿素最有利于EPA的积累。 相似文献
9.
长江冲淡水区细菌生产力研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
为了解细菌在长江口冲淡水区生态系营养动力学过程中的重要作用,笔者于1997年10月10日至20日,1998年5月14日至6月1日在观测海区以及在绿华山海域设置大水体围隔生态系实验装置进行细菌生产力的现场观测研究.结果表明,秋季观测海区平均细菌生产力(C)为(1.44±1.30)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3,B3和C3站.春季测区表层细菌生产力(2.43±1.22)μg/(dm3·h)高于底层(1.01±0.43)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3和B断面诸站.秋、春季平均细菌生产力相当于浮游植物初级生产力的23%.秋季和春季表层细菌数量分别为(5.22×108±0.88×108)个/dm3和(1.97×108±1.10×108)个/dm3.1998年5月18日至6月1日在围隔实验点的自然海区中细菌生产力变幅范围为0.13～5.79μg/(dm3·h),平均值为(2.47±1.60)μg/(dm3·h).围隔装置内加可溶性磷(PO43-)实验,春季细菌生产力由1.28μg/(dm3·h)增长至32.20μg/(dm3·h),其增长幅度低于秋季1.43～43.47μg/(dm3·h).油污染实验中细菌生产力由6.61μg/(dm3·h)增长至37.97μg/(dm3·h),呈逐日上升趋势. 相似文献
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采集九龙江河口表层和柱状沉积物样品,对表层沉积物中总砷、不同形态砷和其他重金属元素、有机质含量以及粒径等参数进行测定.分析了柱状沉积物中总砷和各形态砷的含量,结合沉积速率和响应因子,探讨总砷的污染累计特征.结果表明：（1）沉积物中检出的形态砷是As3＋和As5＋,未检出有机砷.（2）表层沉积物中总砷含量范围为10.03～11.29μg/g,河端总砷含量为11.28μg/g,高于海端总砷含量10.42μg/g.As3＋的含量范围为0.84～1.08μg/g,As5＋的含量范围为6.87～8.99μg/g;As5＋含量表现为河端（8.63μg/g）高于海端（7.31μg/g）,As3＋则不明显.（3）有机质含量是影响本区域表层沉积物中砷及其他重金属含量分布的重要因素,粒径与砷及其他重金属显著相关性不强,影响较小.（4）柱状沉积物中总砷含量范围为9.15～13.61μg/g,随深度的变化不明显,人为污染程度较轻.（5）柱状沉积物中As3＋含量介于2.45～5.35μg/g之间,As5＋含量范围为5.58～11.77μg/g,二者含量随深度的增加而降低. 相似文献
11.
我国沙尘暴与赤潮的相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
总结了近十几年来我国北方沙尘暴和近海赤潮的危害和发生趋势 ,并对两者间的相关性做了初步分析。结果显示 :我国东海和南海赤潮的发生受沙尘暴的影响很小 ,而黄海和渤海赤潮的发生与北方的沙尘暴有一定的相关性。要正确估价沙尘暴对海洋生态系 (包括赤潮 )的影响 ,必须对沙尘暴的迁移规律、入海通量以及沙尘暴粒子在海洋中的物化反应做详细的调查和研究。 相似文献
12.
Mitsuo Uematsu 《Journal of Oceanography》1987,43(6):395-401
I am deeply honored to have been selected as a recipient of the 1987 Okada Prize by the Oceanographical Society of Japan. The present paper reviews my work and recent studies of other investigators concerning mineral aerosol (dust) particles in the marine atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean. I would like to emphasize the importance of atmospheric deposition of continental substances to the ocean environment. From consecutive measurements of atmospheric dust concentrations and total deposition fluxes at 13 island stations in the Pacific Ocean, a strong seasonal transfort pattern of dust particles was found at most of the stations. High atmospheric dust concentrations occurred during the spring in both hemispheres. There was a latitudinal gradient in both the atmospheric dust concentration and flux, with the highest values observed at midlatitudes. When combined with observations of dust storms in Asia and isentropic trajectory analysis, it was clear that the dust over the central North Pacific was transported by the upper westerly winds from the arid desert regions in central and eastern Asia. Transport times were 1–2 weeks, and in some cases, atmospheric transport paths of over 10,000 km were observed. Infrequent short-term dust events contributed most of annual atmospheric dust flux to the open ocean. These sporadic inputs are major sources for both suspended mineral matter in the water column and the non-biogenic component of deep-sea sediments in the Pacific Ocean. The impact of atmospheric dust fluxes on chemical and biological processes in the water column remains to be determined. 相似文献
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渤海海峡跨海通道建设将极大改变环渤海乃至整个东部沿海的交通格局,势必对其目标城市大连、烟台带来直接的经济影响,同时也会对辽东半岛、山东半岛乃至东北、华北和华东不同尺度地区的经济联系产生深远影响。文章选取山东省17个和辽宁省14个地级市的地区的生产总值、城市人口以及城市间的最短时间距离等指标,测度渤海海峡跨海通道建成前后,对山东、辽宁两省区域城市经济联系的影响。研究表明:渤海海峡跨海通道建成后,对大连、烟台间的经济联系强度有显著提高,各城市经济联系度的平均增幅明显不同;同时,受距离衰减规律的影响,两省的城市分别以大连、烟台为中心,根据距离远近及城市自身发展程度分为4个层次,经济联系强度由内向外逐层次减弱;从整体上看,渤海通道的建设对带动两省城市之间的经济联系度都有大幅度提升。 相似文献
14.
S. F. Abdullaev V. A. Maslov B. I. Nazarov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(3):276-284
Regularities in the effect of dust haze on the thermal regime of the air surface layer are revealed by examining air-temperature measurement data obtained at the Dushanbe, Termez, Bairam-Ali, Repetek, and Kurgan-Tyube meteorological stations. We find that the sharp decrease in daily air temperature and the slight increase in night temperature until the 1990s under strong dust storms leads to decreased temperatures in the air surface layer. Later, dust hazes of 3 to 8 days are more frequently observed with a pulsating change in the horizontal range of visibility. Depending on their power, these hazes lead to either heating or cooling of the atmospheric surface layer. 相似文献
15.
Eolian dusts collected after dust storms contain aggregates that are cemented by evaporitic salts, mainly halite. They vary in shape, fabrics, and surface roughness. Aggregation changes grainshape, density and size distribution of dust particles (i.e., characteristics determining erosion and transport); on deposition in the sea, cements dissolve and aggregates disintegrate, leaving the resultant eolo-marine sediment component with a misleading paleo-climatic record. The eolian transport of salts with dust from the arid coastal plain to the sea constitutes a portion of anticyclic salt movement and probably plays a role in the geochemical balance of the oceans. 相似文献
16.
Numerous studies have been carried out to identify storm deposits and decipher storm-induced sedimentary processes in coastal and shallow-marine areas. This study aims to provide an in-depth review on the study of coastal storm deposits from the following five aspects. 1) The formation of storm deposits is a function of hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes under the constraints of local geological and ecological factors. Many questions remain to demonstrate the genetic links between storm-related processes and a variety of resulting deposits such as overwash deposits, underwater deposits and hummocky cross-stratification (HCS). Future research into the formation of storm deposits should combine flume experiments, field observations and numerical simulations, and make full use of sediment source tracing methods. 2) Recently there has been rapid growth in the number of studies utilizing sediment provenance analysis to investigate the source of storm deposits. The development of source tracing techniques, such as mineral composition, magnetic susceptibility, microfossil and geochemical property, has allowed for better understanding of the depositional processes and environmental changes associated with coastal storms. 3) The role of extreme storms in the sedimentation of low-lying coastal wetlands with diverse ecosystem services has also drawn a great deal of attention. Many investigations have attempted to quantify widespread land loss, vertical marsh sediment accumulation and wetland elevation change induced by major hurricanes. 4) Paleostorm reconstructions based on storm sedimentary proxies have shown many advantages over the instrumental records and historic documents as they allow for the reconstruction of storm activities on millennial or longer time scales. Storm deposits having been used to establish proxies mainly include beach ridges and shelly cheniers, coral reefs, estuary-deltaic storm sequences and overwash deposits. Particularly over the past few decades, the proxies developed from overwash deposits have successfully retrieved many records of storm activities during the mid to late Holocene worldwide. 5) Distinguishing sediments deposited by storms and tsunamis is one of the most difficult issues among the many aspects of storm deposit studies. Comparative studies have investigated numerous diagnostic evidences including hydrodynamic condition, landward extent, grain property, texture and grading, thickness, microfossil assemblage and landscape conformity. Perhaps integrating physical, biological and geochemical evidences will, in the future, allow unambiguous identification of tsunami deposits and storm deposits. 相似文献
17.
Tianhaozhe Sun Mei Xue Khanh Phon Le Yanwei Zhang Huiping Xu 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(3-4):431-448
Ocean storms on seismic records reveal coupling mechanisms between Earth’s spheres. We analyzed temporal and spatial signatures of ocean storms on seismic records in the South China and East China Seas. The main points are: (1) the landing of ocean storms directly influences spectrum amplitudes of microseisms, showing an “increase-peak-decrease” pattern, whereas they exert no direct influence on Earth’s hum and the high-frequency noise; (2) for microseisms, spectrum amplitudes of short-period double-frequency microseisms are increased greatly during ocean storms’ landing, implying that storms preferably excite short-period ocean swells; (3) while the “increase-peak-decrease” pattern of spectrum amplitudes is observed for both short-period double-frequency microseisms and long-period double-frequency microseisms in South China Sea, the peak arrived and disappeared much earlier for long-period double-frequency microseisms, which can be explained by their causal mechanisms; (4) in East China Sea, only the spectrum amplitudes of short-period double-frequency microseisms show an “increase-peak-decrease” pattern and extraordinary spectrum pulses are observed reflecting thick sediments there; (5) spatial features of microseisms revealed from predominant polarization directions indicate that local coastlines play very important roles in deciding where ocean waves impact; (6) high-frequency noise is caused by local offshore wind-generated ocean waves instead of ocean storms; (7) the influence of ocean storm landing processes on microseisms can propagate through continents and is observed at inland stations; (8) seismic motions are excited more efficiently in horizontal directions when ocean waves impact seafloors. Our work clearly exhibits how effectively local ocean events are coupled with the Earth’s lithosphere in Chinese seas. 相似文献
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The impacts of dust loaded, Saharan Air Layer (SAL) during the life cycle of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) is a many-faceted scientific problem. It entails possible radiative effects of dust aerosols, impacts of dust on cloud physics, and the cloud nuclei of condensation, advective effects, that is, intrusions of dry dusty air versus humid air into the interior of storms. This paper addresses several such AEWs of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, where we have made use of special aircraft reconnaissance data sets that include wind and humidity profiles in the vertical. Using what are called adaptive observational strategies within a mesoscale model, we show the impacts of adding such observations in the analysis and in short-range forecasts of several AEWs. We do not have the direct and indirect effects of aerosols, but we do include the advective component. Our results show that the inclusion of humidity profiling distinguishes between developing versus nondeveloping AEWs from the use of these additional data sets via the adaptive observational strategies. 相似文献
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气候变化背景下,海平面上升叠加台风—风暴潮、天文大潮等产生的海岸极值水位事件趋多增强,对我国滨海城市社会经济可持发展构成了严重威胁。为认识未来我国滨海城市海岸极值水位危害性（强度和频率）的变化,本文首先采用第五次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP5）数据,分析了不同气候情景下（RCP2.6, 4.5, 8.5,简称为RCPs）下,未来不同年代（2030年、2050年和2100年）我国滨海城市沿岸海平面变化幅度;其次,基于沿海验潮站的历史观测资料和文献数据,分析了未来热带气旋强度变化对海岸极值水位的影响;最后,利用皮尔逊Ⅲ型（P-Ⅲ）水文概率曲线方法,预估了不同气候（RCPs）情景下未来不同年代（2030年、2050年和2100年）我国9个滨海城市海岸极值水位重现期的变化。结果表明：（1）在不同气候情景下,我国滨海城市沿海平均海平面均呈现上升趋势,其中,到21世纪末,长三角地区沿海海平面上升幅度最大,上升速度比全国平均高出约30%;（2）热带气旋的强度与台风—风暴潮的增水幅度存在正相关关系。预计到21世纪末,热带气旋的整体强度很可能将增强,热带气旋引发的台风—风暴潮的增水幅度较当前很可能有明显提高。（3）未来我国滨海城市沿海极值水位将有显著增高的趋势,当前极值水位的重现期将明显缩短。到21世纪末,我国滨海城市当前百年一遇的极值水位,重现期几乎都将缩短至20年一遇以下,其中,大连、青岛、上海和厦门等城市海岸极值水位重现期很可能缩短为（或低于）1年一遇。本文虽在一定程度上反映了不同气候情景下海岸洪水危害性的变化,但对于未来热带气旋的变化及其影响的研究尚有待进一步深入。 相似文献