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极浅海水区浅地层剖面浅层失真及校正 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
浅地层剖面调查是进行大陆架第四纪地质研究，浅海灾害地质研究和工程地的南调查的重要手段，剖面的质量与解释精度将对研究成果的可靠性造成直接影响。由于浅地层剖面系统的震源与水听器有一定的距离，因此它只是近似的垂直发射垂直的接收单道地震系统，当水深地了浅时造成了剖面浅层的失真，导致各层位的反射时间延迟，层与层之间双程走时缩短，计算出的层速度偏高，在地形起伏较大的区域，将造成地形失真，在潮差大的区域，计算出 相似文献
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浅地层剖面测量是海洋工程勘察、灾害地质调查和大陆架海洋地质科学研究的重要手段,资料解译的准确程度将对地质调查和研究成果的可靠性造成直接影响.由于C-Boom型浅地层剖面仪的发射换能器与水听器是分开安置的,当调查区域的水深过浅时,将其近似为自激自收的单道地震系统会导致地层的畸变,水深越浅地层畸变率越大.根据浅地层剖面仪的基本原理,推导出了C-Boom型浅地层剖面仪地层畸变率的计算公式及地层畸变校正公式,为用C-View软件更准确地解译此类浅地层剖面资料提供了参考. 相似文献
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在海上油田开发过程中,往往存在一些当时不具备开发条件的水下井口。这些井口一方面现阶段具有重新开发价值,另一方面也是海洋工程建设的障碍物。而水下井口尺度小,常用的调查手段较难探测到。文中介绍了浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪的原理,并开展了浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪综合探测水下井口的应用与分析。结果表明浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪均可探测到井口,在浅地层剖面图像上表现为垂向的声学空白带,为桩坑和井口的反射;磁异常平面等值线为等轴状,存在极大值和极小值,井口位于极大值和极小值之间。浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪探测的井口位置相差1 m,与给定井口坐标偏差2 m,满足工程需求。因此使用浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪综合探测水下井口在现阶段不失为一种可行的方法。 相似文献
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浅地层剖面测量是海洋工程勘察、灾害地质调查和大陆架海洋地质科学研究的重要手段,资料解译的准确程度将对地质调查和研究成果的可靠性造成直接影响。由于发收分置型浅地层剖面仪的激发装置与接收装置是分开的,当调查区域的水深过浅时,将其近似为自激自收的单道地震系统会导致地层的畸变,水深越浅地层畸变率越大。根据浅地层剖面仪的基本原理,推导出了浅部地层厚度畸变校正公式,为用C-View软件更准确地解译此类浅地层剖面资料提供了参考。海底沉积物的声速直接影响浅地层剖面地层厚度解译的准确性,利用卢博等建立的适用于中国东南近海的声速经验公式,在某人工岛构造调查中,根据地质钻孔获取的孔隙度参数计算各沉积层的平均声速,建立相应的声速结构剖面,对地层厚度进行校正,取得较好的效果,用孔隙度预测声速的方法参数容易获取,能够提高浅地层剖面资料的解译精度,使地层的厚度更接近于实际,具有一定的实用意义。 相似文献
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为了解浅部地层结构,探测地层属性,查明海底障碍物的分布情况、海域灾害地质情况(如浅层气、滑坡等),经济性、高效性、方便性、分辨率高的浅地层剖面测量得到越来越广泛地应用。在浅地层剖面测量野外施工时常会遇到各种各样的干扰,这些干扰严重影响着资料的质量,增加室内处理的难度,影响解释的准确性。以浅地层剖面测量实际资料为基础,介绍了海流、船速、机械、海况等野外施工时常见的干扰因素及声学特征,并对消除或减弱这些干扰的一些方法进行了分析和比较,针对上述几种典型情况提出了测量作业时减少干扰的建议,如:选择较好的天气条件下作业、控制船速在4～5 kn、远离干扰源等。本文的研究结果能够提高对干扰因素的认识和识别,为获得高质量的资料打好基础。 相似文献
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海洋工程勘察中,中浅地层剖面是一种应用广泛的调查设备,其具有便携性、高效率、高主频和高分辨率的特点。实际调查中,随机噪音、多次波等问题严重降低了地层剖面资料的信噪比和分辨率,同时,现场作业对海况的依赖性很强。文中从中浅地层剖面的野外采集设备和室内资料处理方面分析,提出立体震源、多道接收系统、带通滤波、预测反褶积和相关滤波等方法。立体震源拓宽了地层剖面资料的频带,获得了更深的剖面和更高的分辨率;多道接收系统使中浅地层剖面数据由单道变为多道,有利于室内资料处理;对于目前主流的单道中浅地层剖面数据,首先要识别噪音的来源和特征,再通过增益、带通滤波、涌浪校正,预测反褶积等方法来处理,最后获取的高质量地层剖面资料一定是各种方法的综合使用和多次试验的结果。 相似文献
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为解决海洋中大量观测数据只含有温度剖面而缺乏盐度观测的问题, 基于历史观测的温盐剖面资料, 考虑到盐度卫星数据的发展, 采用回归分析方法, 在孟加拉湾建立了盐度与温度、经纬度、表层盐度的关系, 并对不同反演方法的反演结果进行检验评估。结果发现, 在不引入海表盐度(sea surface salinity, SSS)时, 最佳反演模型是温度、温度的二次项与经纬度确定的回归模型, 而SSS的引入则可以进一步优化反演结果。将反演结果与观测结果进行对比, 显示用反演的盐度剖面计算的比容海面高度误差超过2cm, 而引入SSS后的误差低于1.5cm。SSS的引入能够较为真实地反映海洋盐度场的垂直结构和内部变化特征, 既能够捕捉到对上混合层有重要影响的SSS信号, 又能够反映盐度在跃层上的季节内变化以及盐度障碍层的季节变化。水团分析显示, 与气候态相比, 盐度反演结果可以更好地表征海洋上层水团的变化特征。 相似文献
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通过物理模型实验研究了海岸沙坝剖面和滩肩剖面的形成和演化过程,给出了稳定的沙坝剖面和滩肩剖面的几何特征。实验中考虑了两种初始坡度(1∶20和1∶10)和不同波高的规则波和不规则波,讨论了不同初始坡度海岸上破碎波空间分布特征。结果表明,沙坝产生后存在向岸和离岸两种运动形态,但最终将停留在稳定位置。稳定的沙坝剖面对应不同初始坡度和波浪存在不同的大沙坝和小沙坝分布。沙坝剖面由长时间小波高波浪序列作用后可转化为稳定滩肩剖面,该剖面不依赖于波浪和初始坡度。实验也给出了平衡剖面与理论曲线的对比以及剖面上泥沙粒径的分布。 相似文献
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Temperature is one of the most frequently measured parameters of the ocean because of its importance to the understanding and prediction of oceanic and meteorological events, and also because the measurement is required for the determination of salinity and density. The ocean temperature range is narrow,-2deg to35deg C, but measurement is complicated by the harsh ocean environment, the necessity of remote hands off readings, power limitations due to the cable, and the fast response required to obtain a profile in a reasonable length of time. Platinum and copper thermometers are used for most precision measurements with thermistors or thermocouples used in some cases to improve speed of response and for lesser accuracy. A number of very different circuits have been used successfully in salinity, temperature, and depth profiling systems and achieve millidegree accuracies in laboratory measurements. However, very careful precautions and many checks are required to achieve that accuracy in the field, and to achieve the correlation of conductivity, pressure, and temperature readings required for equivalent accuracy in the salinity and density measurements. 相似文献
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A modal (full-wave) method has been developed to predict ocean sound speed profiles from propagated acoustic field data. The method assumes a point source of sound in the ocean and uses as data the values of the transmitted acoustic field at an array. The formalism for depth-dependent sound speeds consists of the standard Hankel integral transform of the depth solution. In the travel length coordinate, the latter is written exactly, using the Green's function, in terms of an integral equation whose kernel includes the sound speed profile correction. A Born approximation to this equation is used. This is just the WKB solution, and permits the use of a nontrivial input (or guess) profile, here chosen as bilinear. The use of asymptotic methods enables us to write the data as an integral transform over the profile correction. The transform can be inverted. An example is presented for full-bandwidth inversion. 相似文献
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A new technique for measuring wave profiles by wavelet transform using the Mexican Hat wavelet as the mother wavelet is introduced. This technique has the potential to provide low cost, high resolution field measurements of wave profiles in the laboratory. The experiments to capture the video image of the wave profile were carried out in a wave flume. Then, the Mexican Hat wavelet was adopted to trace out the exact profiles of the waves from the captured video images. The series of tests on numerical data and video images show promise as means of detecting two-dimensional profiles of waves. 相似文献
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Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are typically derived from direct measurements of the sound speed profile (SSP) and they are orthogonal in regard to the statistics of the SSP uncertainty. Viewed from the output end of a particular sonar system, however, the effect of an error in one EOF is usually coupled with the effect of the error in another due to the strongly nonlinear relation between the SSP parameters and the system response. In this paper, a new set of basis functions, orthogonal in regard to sonar performance measure, is developed to characterize SSP perturbations. The performance measure used is the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for SSP expansion coefficients derived from a full-field random Gaussian signal model; a closed-form, analytical solution is obtained for both the range-independent and adiabatically range-dependent environments. The derived functions make the CRB matrix diagonal, decoupling the errors in the estimation of the expansion coefficients. Compared to the EOFs, the new set of basis functions depends on both the statistics of the sound speed uncertainty and the sound waveguide propagation property; it incorporates the measurement noise as well. The development makes possible the investigation of the relative significance of the individual basis functions in system response; it also provides a novel framework for optimum acoustic parameterization in adaptive rapid environmental assessment. 相似文献
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A beach profile equilibrium model for perched beaches is presented. The model assumes that wave reflection at the seaward and leeward sides of the breakwater is the most important process that modifies Dean's equilibrium profile model for non-perched beaches. The influence of wave breaking over the submerged structure is also discussed. Several laboratory data sets are used to analyze the merit of the proposed model for describing the equilibrium condition of a perched beach. A good comparison is obtained. Results show that if the ratio between the water depth above the submerged structure, d, and the water depth at the toe of the structure, he, is large, d/he>0.5, only minor advance of the shoreline is achieved with the construction of a toe structure. A considerable advance is obtained for d/he less that 0.1. In these situations, however, resonant effects may result in an inefficient structure. The proposed model is used to provide an estimation for the required sand volume and the associated beach advance for the case of narrow breakwaters. 相似文献
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The levels of uncertainty for morphodynamic analysis in the present state of art require field measurements and, whenever possible, large scale mobile bed tests to reproduce what happens in Nature under controlled conditions. Following this idea, the paper will revise the procedure to design reduced scale mobile bed tests, including the criteria for scaling and those for selecting an experimental facility. 相似文献