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1.
为了研究节理条数和倾角对节理岩体的力学特性的影响,对人工制作的含多组节理裂隙岩体进行了单轴压缩试验和数值模拟,研究了节理面的倾角β、节理面的条数N对单轴抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明:(1)当节理面条数相同时,随着β由0°增加到90°时,试件的单轴抗压强度呈先减小后增加的趋势;当节理面的倾角β相同时,随着节理面条数N的增加,试件的单轴抗压强度呈逐渐减小的趋势。(2)当节理面条数相同时,数值模拟值随β的变化规律与试验值的变化规律总体相同。 相似文献
2.
为了研究预制裂隙的厚度和宽度对节理岩体的力学特性的影响,对人工制作的单节理裂隙岩体进行了单轴压缩试验和数值模拟,研究了节理面的倾角β、节理面的厚度d、节理面的长度l对单轴抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明:(1)当节理面长度和厚度相同时,随着β随着由0°增加到90°时,试件的单轴抗压强度呈逐渐增加的趋势;当节理面的倾角β和厚度相同时,随着节理面长度的增加,试件的单轴抗压强度呈逐渐减小的趋势。(2)当节理面的倾角β和长度相同时,随着节理面厚度的增加,试件的单轴抗压强度呈逐渐减小的趋势。 相似文献
3.
节理岩体超声测试及单轴压缩试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了获取节理岩体各向异性力学特性和声波传播规律的相互关系,通过制作圆柱形单一预制贯通节理试件,开展了7种不同倾角节理试件的超声波波速测试和单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：（1）节理试件波速测试值离散性较大,但总体服从正态分布,波速平均值介于石膏试件和完整试件之间,波速随节理倾角增大呈线性递减;（2）不同倾角的节理面对节理试件力学特性的影响很大,在应力-应变关系、变形特征、强度特征和破坏模式上均表现出显著的各向异性特征;（3）节理试件的力学性质和超声波传播特性变化规律区别很大,采用超声波波速确定节理试件的力学参数会存在很大误差。 相似文献
4.
通过预制平行非贯穿节理试件进行单轴压缩试验,系统研究在节理倾角和节理间距组合形式下,对岩石试件的应力-应变曲线、峰值强度、变形参数、能量特征等的影响。试验研究发现:(1)平行节理岩体强度和变形曲线随节理倾角都呈现U型,当节理倾角为60°时,岩石单轴抗压强度取得最小值,表现出强烈的各向异性,随着节理间距的增大,岩石的单轴抗压强度逐渐增大;(2)试件破坏模式主要与节理倾角有关,在倾角为30°、45°时为张拉破坏或者张剪破坏特征,在倾角为60°时表现出剪切破坏特征,倾角为75°时为张剪破坏;(3)岩石在变形各阶段中吸收能量与耗散能成非线性增长,弹性应变能呈现先增加后减小,能量曲线随节理间距成指数增加关系。 更多还原 相似文献
5.
采用等效岩体（ERM）技术,将节理和岩块分别用光滑节理模型及颗粒体模型表征,构建含不同节理倾角、连通率的等效岩体模型。结合试验结果,从细观力学角度开展单轴压缩条件下节理连通率对岩体强度、破裂机制、能量演化等力学特征影响的定量研究。研究发现,当节理方向与加载轴向呈一定夹角时,岩体表现出沿岩桥连线方向的贯通破坏趋势,尤其当节理倾角? = 30°,连通率L = 0.8时,岩体破坏表现出岩桥复合贯通破坏模式。在该类节理倾角(? = 30°)条件下,随节理连通率增大,岩体表现出的主要力学特征为：（1）峰值抗压强度呈不断降低趋势;（2）微破裂总数不断下降,但张拉型微破裂所占比例逐渐提高。微裂纹进一步集中在不同层间节理尖端岩桥连线上产生;（3）声发射（AE）事件产生时间在整个加载阶段逐渐分散,声发射事件总数及破裂强度分布范围、均值、标准差等均不断减小;（4）峰值应变能及峰后应变能、动能变化率降低,峰后摩擦能增速放缓,试样破坏所需的外界做功逐渐降低。 相似文献
6.
单一预制节理试件各向异性力学特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
节理岩体具有特殊的不连续结构,从而展现出复杂的各向异性力学特性。为了掌握这一复杂力学特性,从理论上分析了单一节理面的力学效应,并通过常规三轴压缩试验研究了单一预制贯通节理试件的各向异性力学特性。结果表明,节理试件的力学特性分为受节理面控制和岩块控制;与完整试件相比,节理试件的力学参数均有不同程度降低,其中弹性模量、抗压强度、黏聚力随节理倾角呈U型分布,最小值均出现在60°倾角节理试件,而内摩擦角与节理倾角呈线性增大关系;随着围压等级升高,不同倾角节理试件弹性模量和抗压强度的最大值与最小值的比值降低,力学性能差异减小。 相似文献
7.
循环冻融条件下节理岩体损伤破坏试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过循环冻融和相似材料试验,研究了节理岩体在冻融条件下的损伤破坏机制及其相应的力学特性。通过对经历冻融循环后的试件损伤破坏模式的观察和单轴压缩试验,重点研究了节理倾角、节理贯通度、节理条数、节理充填物厚度、节理充填物类型、试件饱和度、冻融循环次数等对试件冻融损伤破坏模式、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量的影响。研究发现：节理存在及其物理力学性质对岩体的冻融损伤破坏模式及强度均有很大影响。节理倾角通过影响冻融裂纹的起裂位置进而影响其破坏模式和强度;随着贯通度的增加,试件表面裂纹由稀变密;随着节理条数增加,试件受冻融影响明显加剧;随着节理充填物厚度增加,试件冻融损伤程度先增加后减小;节理充填物类型对试件冻融损伤程度也有一定影响;随着试件饱和度的增加,试件冻融损伤程度先减小后增加;随着冻融循环次数的增加,节理试件表面因冻胀引起的裂纹逐渐增多、变宽,且其抗冻融特性较完整试件差。上述研究成果对寒区岩体工程建设及安全运营具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
8.
单轴压缩条件下裂隙岩样冻融损伤破坏模式分析 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
以寒区裂隙岩体为研究对象,采用水泥砂浆类岩石材料制作具有不同几何特征的裂隙岩样,对预制的不同裂隙岩样进行冻融循环试验和单轴压缩试验,研究裂隙长度、裂隙倾角、裂隙数目以及冻融循环次数对试件贯通模式的影响。试验表明：裂隙岩体的几何特征以及冻融循环作用对岩体损伤破坏模式有较大影响。随着冻融循环次数的增加,岩样破裂面的破裂程度越来越严重,破坏模式也越来越复杂;裂隙倾角为30°的裂隙岩样,主要发生拉伸破坏,而裂隙倾角为60°的裂隙岩样,则表现为拉剪贯通,且双裂隙岩样岩桥间多出现压剪裂纹,对于裂隙倾角为90°的岩样,裂隙数目以及裂隙长度对其影响不大,均为劈裂破坏,且破坏面不一定为裂隙面;预制裂隙长度越大,越容易产生除了主拉裂纹以外的支裂纹（压裂纹）。研究结果可为寒区岩体工程建设及运营提供科学的参考。 相似文献
9.
黄土节理种类多样、角度多变,是影响黄土力学性质的重要因素。为研究节理对黄土力学性质影响,开展含预制节理黄土试样单轴与三轴压缩强度试验,分析了非贯通节理对试样剪切破坏模式影响,探讨了节理倾角对黄土强度与变形特性影响规律。结果表明:节理试样剪切破坏均为压剪破坏,破坏模式可分为节理面与破裂面贯通型和节理面与破裂面斜交型,压力作用下非贯通节理尖端翼裂纹和次生裂纹不断萌生,易劣化扩展形成剪切破裂面;节理存在弱化了试样抗变形能力,单轴压缩条件下试样应力-应变曲线均呈应变软化型,预制节理降低屈服阶段变形模量,减小试样剪切破坏位移,加速试样剪切破坏;节理存在显著降低黄土强度,峰值强度与残余强度均随节理倾角呈现先减小后增大变化趋势,但变化幅度随围压增大而降低,黏聚力随节理倾角变化最为敏感,节理倾角60°时试样强度指标最低;预制节理倾角与黄土试样剪切破裂角越接近,节理面越易劣化贯通为剪切破裂面,试样抗变形能力越差,强度性质劣化越显著,试样越容易剪切破坏。研究成果为揭示黄土节理界面劣化对黄土边坡促滑机制提供参考。 相似文献
10.
预制节理岩体试件强度及破坏模式的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用相似材料模型试验对不同节理倾角、节理贯通度、节理组数、载荷应变率、试件长径比、节理充填物厚度及类型等7种工况下的预制节理岩体在单轴压缩下的峰值强度及破坏模式进行了研究。结果表明：节理岩体的破坏模式及峰值强度与节理构造形态密切相关。贯通节理岩体将产生沿节理面的剪切破坏或穿切节理面破坏,且与第1种破坏模式对应的岩体峰值强度更低。非贯通节理岩体的强度介于完整岩体和贯通节理岩体之间。随着平行节理组数的增加,岩体峰值强度逐渐下降。随着载荷应变率的增加,岩体峰值强度逐渐增大,相应地试件的破坏模式也变得更加复杂。试件长径比基本没有改变其破坏模式,完整试件仍主要是以张拉破坏为主,而节理试件仍以剪切破坏为主。随着长径比增加,试件峰值强度逐渐增大。随着节理充填物厚度增加,试件峰值强度降低。不同节理填充物对试件峰值强度也有一定影响。 相似文献
11.
节理岩体是工程中最常见的一类岩体,其在地震、爆炸等动载下的力学响应及破坏过程对相关工程安全性的影响至关重要。采用基于有限元应力分析和统计损伤理论开发的动态版RFPA2D数值模拟软件,对动载下节理岩体的动态破坏过程进行了模拟,重点讨论了节理条数、节理贯通度、节理倾角及应力波峰值对岩体动态破坏过程的影响规律。计算结果表明,断续节理岩体动态破坏过程及破坏强度与节理构造形态、应力波峰值密切相关。相同动载下,随着节理条数的增加,岩体破坏程度以及应力波能量损失增强,但当节理条数数超过一定值后,岩体破坏程度及应力波能量损失逐渐趋于稳定;节理贯通度较小时,岩体破坏程度较低且破坏单元自上而下均匀分布。随着节理贯通度的增加,岩体破坏增强,且破坏主要出现于节理上部岩体;节理倾角较小时,节理上部岩体破坏严重,易形成次生贯通裂纹。随着节理倾角增加,破坏范围逐渐变大,不易形成次生贯通裂纹;倾角为45°～60°时,岩体破坏效果最佳;动载荷的峰值越大,试样的破坏越严重。当峰值达到一定值时,节理附近发育出多条裂隙并向上下方不断发展而导致岩体完全破坏。在不同节理贯通度工况下与岩石霍布金森压杆（SHPB）试验结果进行比较,结论吻合,证明该数值模拟的合可行性和结论的可靠性。 相似文献
12.
Most natural rock masses contain a large number of random joints and fissures, and most of the rock masses at the rock engineering are commonly in both compression and shear stress environment. However, the research on the failure characteristics of complex random jointed rock mass under compressive-shear loading is still limited. To address this gap, this paper uses the particle flow code 2D to establish a discrete fractured rock mass model and carry out a series of numerical tests with different compressive-shear angles (α) and different joint geometric parameters. The effects of compressive-shear angle and joint geometric parameters on the strength and failure characteristics of fractured rock masses are studied. The results indicate that with the increase of α, the peak strength of the specimen decreases gradually, and the failure mode changes from the composite shear failure mode (Mode-I) to a plane shear failure mode (Mode-II) and then to intact shear failure mode (Mode-III). Specifically, the three failure modes occur in the specimens with α?=?15°, 30° or 45°, 60°, respectively. The existence of joints affects stress distribution on rock mass during the loading process. Furthermore, the stress at the joint tip is relatively concentrated, while on both sides of the joint is smaller. Three kinds of crack coalescence patterns are observed: tensile, shear, and tensile-shear mixed coalescence. The inclination angle of the rock bridge between adjacent joints affects the specific type of coalescence.
相似文献14.
为了控制煤层气井开采过程中的水窜问题,采用自主设计的试验装置对沁水盆地晋城地区煤层气样品进行模拟试验,获得了井斜角分别为0°、30°、60°、90°条件下隔水层界面胶结强度试验数据,分析了井斜角对隔水层界面胶结强度的影响机理。结果表明:隔水层界面胶结强度随井斜角的增大而降低,原因是随着井斜角增大,井壁的泥饼环上部依次变薄,下部依次变厚,井斜角到90°时达到最厚,且随着泥饼的变厚,泥饼成分中黏土矿物的成分逐渐减少,钻屑和重晶石的含量逐渐增多。分析还认为,影响隔水层界面胶结强度主要因素有黏聚力、泥饼的含水率、颗粒密实程度、颗粒结构和矿物成分。因此,煤层气井型对隔水层界面胶结强度的影响较大,即若采用水平井开采煤层气,可能水窜问题更突出。 相似文献
15.
Crack coalescence in rock masses was studied by performing a series of biaxial compresion tests on specimens made of rock-like
material. Specimens of size 63.5 × 27.9 × 20.3 cm, made of 72% silica sand, 16% cement (Type I) and 12% water by weight were
tested. The joint inclination angle was maintained at 45°, while the offset angle i.e. angle between the plane of the joint
and the line that connects the two inner tips of the joints, was changed from 0° to 90° with an increment of 15°. Three levels
of lateral stress were used; 0.35 MPa, 0.7 MPa and 1.5 MPa on each sample. HP data acquisition system was used to record the
data for each sample. In each sample, four LVDTs were fixed to measure the axial and lateral displacement along the sample.
The failure mechanisms were monitored by eye inspection and a magnifier to detect crack initiation and propagation. For each
test, the failure surfaces were investigated to determine the characteristics of each surface. Wing cracks initiated at the
tip of the joint for the low confining stress applied, while at higher confining stresses wing cracks also initiated at the
middle of the joint. Secondary cracks initiated at the tip of the joint due to shear stress. Three modes of failure took place
due to coalescence of the secondary and wing cracks. The bridge inclination was the main variable that controlled the mode
of failure. For bridge inclination of 0°, the coalescence occured due to shear failure and for bridge inclination of 90° the
coalescence occurred due to tensile failure while for the other bridge inclinations coalescence occured due to mixed tensile
and shear failure. 相似文献
16.
采用云石胶黏结岩块的方法制备人工节理面,通过直剪试验获得人工节理面的抗剪强度特性,基于完整和单节理砂岩的常规三轴试验,分析不同倾角（0°,30°,60°,90°）对单节理岩体试样力学响应的影响。结果表明:人工节理面在直剪试验中呈现脆性破坏,其抗剪强度符合M-C准则;不同围压下（2.5,5 0和7.5 MPa）完整砂岩的破坏形态和弹性模量基本相同,峰值强度随围压增大;相同围压下（2.5 MPa）不同倾角单节理岩体的破坏形态、弹性模量、峰值强度均不相同,单节理岩体试样的峰值强度-倾角曲线呈反对号“”形,节理倾角对岩体力学性质的影响明显,其中60°节理岩体试样的强度最低,仅为完整岩石强度的19.7%。推导了过圆柱体试样中心任意斜截面内力的三维计算公式,根据其理论预测所得完整岩石的破裂面角度和60°节理试样的破坏方式均与试验结果相符,其吻合度较传统的二维分析更高。 相似文献
17.
In this paper an experimental study was planned on rock mass model with three joint sets under triaxial and true-triaxial
stress states to assess the influence of joint geometry and stress ratios on deformational behaviour of rock mass. The physical
models were composed of three continuous orthogonal joint sets in which joint set-I was inclined at angle θ=0°, 20°, 40°,
60°, 80° and 90° with x-axis, joint set-II was produced at staggering s=0.5 and joint set-III was kept always vertical. Thus, rock mass models with medium interlocked smooth joints (ϕ
j
=36.8°) were simulated under true triaxial compression (σ1>σ2>σ3). Modulus of rock mass shows anisotropy with joint inclination θ which diminishes with increase in σ2/σ3 ratio. The rock mass at θ=60° shows the highest modulus enhancement (599.9%) whereas it is minimum (32.3%) at θ=90°. Further
two empirical expressions for estimation of deformation modulus were suggested based on experimental results, which were developed
by incorporating two basic concepts, e.g. Janbu’s coefficients and joint factor, J
f. 相似文献
18.
高浓度浆液注入到采空区后形成充填墩台，墩台搭接尺寸将影响其上覆承载力。为掌握搭接尺寸对上覆承载力影响规律，选取水泥为胶结材料，标准砂为骨料，配制高浓度浆液，并利用3D打印技术制模制作墩台试样，进行单轴抗压试验。结果表明，单个墩台在顶面面积和高度一定时堆积角度越小极限承载力越大；堆积角30°和45°的搭接墩台试样的极限承载能力均在对应的单个墩台的2.0~3.5倍范围，试样硬化后，搭接墩台试样的极限承载力随着搭接尺寸的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势；采用墩台充填的方式进行采空区治理时，合理设置注浆孔间距，使所注浆液在采空区内部形成搭接墩台群，其承载效果优于均匀分布的单个墩台；堆积角30°搭接墩台的场地承载力整体优于堆积角45°的搭接墩台；采空区内取充填堆积角30°搭接墩台，且注浆孔间距为极限搭接尺寸的38.5%时，治理场地内整体承载力最大。研究成果将为高浓度浆液部分充填治理采空区的工程实施提供依据。 相似文献
19.
Cheng Zhao Yimeng Zhou Qingzhao Zhang Chunfeng Zhao Hiroshi Matsuda 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(3):353-370
To deeply understand the cracking mechanical behavior of brittle rock materials, numerical simulations of a rock specimen containing a single preexisting crack were carried out by the expanded distinct element method (EDEM). Based on the analysis of crack tips and a comparison between stress- and strain-based methods, the strain strength criterion was adopted in the numerical models to simulate the crack initiation and propagation processes under uniaxial and biaxial compression. The simulation results indicated that the crack inclination angle and confining pressure had a great influence on the tensile and shear properties, peak strength, and failure behaviors, which also showed a good agreement with the experimental results. If the specimen was under uniaxial compression, it was found that the initiation stress and peak strength first decreased and then increased with an increasing inclination angle α. Regardless of the size of α, tensile cracks initiated prior to shear cracks. If α was small (such as α ≤ 30°), the tensile cracks dominated the specimen failure, the wing cracks propagated towards the direction of uniaxial compression, and the propagation of shear cracks was inhibited by the high concentration of tensile stress. In contrast, if α was large (such as α ≥ 45°), mixed cracks dominated the specimen failure, and the external loading favored the further propagation of shear cracks. Analyzing the numerical results of the specimen with a 45° inclination angle under biaxial compression, it was revealed that lateral confinement had a significant influence on the initiation sequence and the mechanical properties of new cracks. 相似文献
20.
Discrete element method modeling of inherently anisotropic rocks under uniaxial compression loading 
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下载免费PDF全文 A new numerical approach is proposed in this study to model the mechanical behaviors of inherently anisotropic rocks in which the rock matrix is represented as bonded particle model, and the intrinsic anisotropy is imposed by replacing any parallel bonds dipping within a certain angle range with smooth‐joint contacts. A series of numerical models with β = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° are constructed and tested (β is defined as the angle between the normal of weak layers and the maximum principal stress direction). The effect of smooth‐joint parameters on the uniaxial compression strength and Young's modulus is investigated systematically. The simulation results reveal that the normal strength of smooth‐joint mainly affects the behaviors at high anisotropy angles (β > 45°), while the shear strength plays an important role at medium anisotropy angles (30°–75°). The normal stiffness controls the mechanical behaviors at low anisotropy angles. The angle range of parallel bonds being replaced plays an important role on defining the degree of anisotropy. Step‐by‐step procedures for the calibration of micro parameters are recommended. The numerical model is calibrated to reproduce the behaviors of different anisotropic rocks. Detailed analyses are conducted to investigate the brittle failure process by looking at stress‐strain behaviors, increment of micro cracks, initiation and propagation of fractures. Most of these responses agree well with previous experimental findings and can provide new insights into the micro mechanisms related to the anisotropic deformation and failure behaviors. The numerical approach is then applied to simulate the stress‐induced borehole breakouts in anisotropic rock formations at reduced scale. The effect of rock anisotropy and stress anisotropy can be captured. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献