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1.
张亭亭  李江山  薛强  王平  熊欢  梁仕华 《岩土力学》2019,40(12):4652-4658
采用硫酸亚铁（FeSO4）对Cr(VI)污染土进行稳定化处理。研究了Fe(II)/Cr(VI)摩尔比和养护龄期对污染土稳定过程中的铬赋存形态及浸出特性的影响规律。结果表明：随着Fe(II)/Cr(VI)摩尔比和养护龄期的增加,Cr(VI)和总Cr的浸出浓度降低,稳定土中Cr(VI)的含量降低,当摩尔比为3时,Cr(VI)和总Cr的浸出浓度均低于我国《危险废弃物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》（GB/T50853―2007）的限值;当摩尔比为10时,稳定土中Cr(VI)的含量低于我国《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618―2008）中工业和商业用地的限值（30 mg/kg）;当摩尔比为20时,低于居住用地限值（5 mg/kg）。形态提取试验结果表明：FeSO4改变稳定土中铬的赋存形态,可促使铬从弱酸态向可还原态和可氧化态转化,而对残渣态的铬影响不大。Cr(VI)的浸出浓度与稳定土中的Cr(VI)含量均存在指数函数关系,且浸出试验不能全面、客观地评价铬污染土稳定效果。  相似文献   

2.
《岩土力学》2017,(Z2):82-88
采用硫酸亚铁(Fe SO_4)对铬污染土进行稳定化处理。基于浸出试验、碱性消解和改进BCR形态提取试验,研究了p H和粒径对铬污染土稳定性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,粒径和p H对铬污染土稳定性能有较大影响,随着粒径的降低,Cr(Ⅵ)、总Cr的浸出浓度和Cr(Ⅵ)含量均降低,粒径的降低可促使铬从弱酸态(F1态,活性态)向可还原态(F2态,较稳定态)转化。Cr(Ⅵ)浸出浓度和Cr(Ⅵ)含量均随着p H降低而降低,而总Cr的浸出浓度呈相反的变化规律。p H对铬形态分布存在临界值,当p H高于临界值时,随着p H的降低,稳定土中F1、F3态铬含量显著降低,F2态铬含量明显增加;当p H低于临界值时,p H的降低稳定土中F1态铬含量明显增加,F2、F3态铬含量显著降低。铬赋存形态的变化是铬污染稳定性能变化的本质原因。  相似文献   

3.
为研究凹凸棒石-双交联水凝胶微球(SA/PVA/ATP)对镉污染土壤钝化修复的效果,将SA/PVA/ATP添加到镉浓度为3.72 mg/kg的土壤中进行淹水培育,采用模拟酸雨、二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)和三乙醇胺(TEA)混合提取剂(DTPA提取剂)提取土壤有效态镉;采用欧共体标准局顺序提取方法(BCR)提取土壤中不同形态镉;讨论了SA/PVA/ATP添加量、土壤有效态镉和各形态镉的相关性;计算了钝化容量、修复效率和重金属风险评价指数,探究了SA/PVA/ATP对土壤镉的钝化机理。结果显示,随着SA/PVA/ATP的增加,DTPA提取剂和酸雨提取的有效态镉含量分别从1.72 mg/kg和0.024 mg/kg下降到0.66 mg/kg和0.004 4 mg/kg;土壤中的弱酸可提取态镉和可还原态镉含量分别从1.40 mg/kg和0.81 mg/kg下降到1.01 mg/kg和0.41 mg/kg,而可氧化态镉和残渣态镉含量分别从0.86 mg/kg和0.63 mg/kg增加到0.95 mg/kg和1.27 mg/kg。材料添加量与土壤中有效态镉、弱酸提取态镉和可还原态镉含量呈极显著负...  相似文献   

4.
济南市某废弃化工厂区域土壤地球化学特征研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
随着我国城市产业布局升级,高污染、高能耗的化工企业被关停或搬离,研究这些企业遗留地块土壤的地球化学特征对污染场地风险管控具有重要的现实意义。本文在济南市某废弃化工厂原厂区采集了100件土壤样品,测试SiO_2、Al_2O_3、CaO、Fe_2O_3、K_2O、MgO、Na_2O、As、Ba、Br、Ce、Cl、Co、Cu、Ga、Hf、La、Mn、Nb、Nd、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、S、Sc、Sr、Th、Ti、V、Y、Zn、Zr、Cr、Cr(Ⅵ)、铬形态、pH值、有机质等42项指标,研究厂区土壤中元素的地球化学特征。结果表明:研究区土壤中的总铬量在1025~2450 mg/kg,Cr(Ⅵ)含量在557.0~996.5 mg/kg,Cr(Ⅵ)含量占总铬量的46.77%。在0~80 cm深度内,总铬、Cr(Ⅵ)含量随深度的变化并不明显。随着深度增加,离子交换态铬占总铬的比例有逐渐降低的趋势,而残渣态铬占总铬的比例增大。土壤的总铬含量与pH值呈线性负相关,相关系数为-0.8470,而Cr(Ⅵ)与有机质、pH值相关性均不显著。聚类分析发现Cr元素的来源单独成为一类,主要为化工厂长期堆放大量铬渣引起的人为污染所致,其他组分与全国土壤、黄淮海平原土壤则有着相似的自然源。  相似文献   

5.
小秦岭金矿区土壤重金属生物有效性与影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
张开军  魏迎春  徐友宁 《地质通报》2014,33(8):1182-1187
土壤中重金属生物有效性与影响因素分析是土壤重金属风险管控的关键问题。通过实地调查、现场采样、实验测试、综合分析等方法,分析了研究区100km2内Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属元素的有效态含量特征,研究了这些重金属有效态含量之间、有效态含量与全量、有效态与土壤pH、有机质含量、粒度等基本理化参数之间的相关性,分析了重金属污染来源。结果表明,土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属有效态的平均含量分别为2.29mg/kg、594mg/kg、2.52mg/kg、6.30mg/kg、2.16mg/kg、48.14mg/kg、50.21mg/kg,其变异系数大小为:HgPbCuZnCdAsCr。Hg的变异系数最大,是由于金矿选矿活动采用混汞法提金排放的尾矿堆(库)分布不均。Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn有效态量与全量之间均存在显著的相关性;土壤有机质与重金属有效态之间存在显著的相关性;土壤pH与有效态重金属之间存在显著的负相关性;土壤粒度对重金属有效态的累积影响不明显。  相似文献   

6.
选取桂林典型石灰土不同发育阶段土样(黑色石灰土、棕色石灰土、黄色石灰土),对土壤中腐殖质组成、土壤钙的形态及其含量进行测定。结果显示:(1)石灰土发育过程中,黑色石灰土、棕色石灰土、黄色石灰土总碳量分别为230.15mg/g、37.49mg/g、17.94mg/g,胡敏酸所占比例分别为31.94%、9.44%、7.25%,富啡酸所占比例为1.04%、36.14%、66.16%,胡敏素为67.02%、54.41%、26.59%;(2)黑色石灰土、棕色石灰土、黄色石灰土中土壤钙全量分别为21486.66mg/kg、6913.33mg/kg、5540.17mg/kg,且三种土壤中均是酸溶态所占比例最高,分别为57.58%、74.69%、80.83%,其次为可还原态、残渣态和可氧化态;(3)相关性分析表明,土壤钙及其各形态均与土壤有机碳总量、胡敏酸、胡敏素成正相关关系,与富啡酸成负相关关系,土壤腐殖质组成及其含量在很大程度上影响着土壤钙含量及赋存形态。   相似文献   

7.
金顶矿区长期的矿业活动造成矿区水系沉积物严重污染.通过沉积物中Cd的化学形态分析发现:矿区沉积物中Cd元素形态主要以可还原态为主,其次为可氧化态Cd、残渣态Cd和弱酸提取态Cd.沉积物中Cd的形态特征受污染源的控制.当沉积物受氧化矿为主体的污染源控制时,镉的弱酸提取态和可还原态相对较高(占总金属量的90%以上),而当沉积物受硫化矿为主体污染源控制时.镉的弱酸提取态和可还原态相对较低(仅占总金属量的20%左右).池江水系沉积物中Cd的弱酸提取态占相当大比例(占金属总量的18.8%),在表生环境中极易释放出来并污染水体,对矿区乃至矿区下游流域生态环境构成直接的危害.  相似文献   

8.
长江武汉段冲积土壤中重金属的环境地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
长江沿江全流域的重金属元素镉异常带引发了人们对沿长江流域城市的镉及其他重金属元素的环境地球化学特征及生态效应的关注。本文以长江流域具有重要的经济发展战略意义的武汉为研究区,对长江武汉段沿岸的冲积土壤中主要重金属元素镉、铜、铅、镍、铬的含量和以BCR法分步提取的弱酸提取态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态等4种形态的分量进行了较系统的分析,同时,配套分析了蔬菜样品中的重金属元素镉、铜、铅、镍、铬的含量,以便了解重金属元素的环境地球化学特征。结果显示,长江武汉段沿岸的冲积土壤中,重金属镉含量超标;铅、铜、镍元素含量接近国家土壤环境质量标准二级指标,基本上对植物和环境不造成危害和污染,满足一般农田、蔬菜地、茶园、果园、牧场等土壤环境标准;铬元素含量较低,接近其背景值。长江武汉段沿岸的冲积土壤中重金属元素的含量和活动性强的弱酸提取态分量随着采样点位置距离武汉钢铁厂越近而增大,显示重金属污染的部分原因可能是工业生产造成的。重金属元素在表层土壤中存在积累效应,表现为表层土壤中重金属元素含量高于对应深层的含量。重金属元素的形态分布特征与各自的地球化学性质有关,活动性强的弱酸提取态镉和铅分量高,具有潜在的环境危害。这些土壤中种植的蔬菜中,重金属元素镉含量普遍明显超标,部分蔬菜中铅元素含量超标,铜、镍、铬元素含量正常。  相似文献   

9.
氟在人体生长发育和骨骼代谢中起着重要作用,近年来通过饮茶摄入氟与人体健康的关系受到较大关注。本文以大巴山区紫阳县茶园土壤为研究对象,采集64组茶园土壤和对应茶叶样品,测定土壤理化性质、土壤氟形态、茶叶氟含量,通过多元回归分析建立了影响大巴山区茶叶氟含量的Freundlich模型,并检验了模型的预测精度。结果显示：(1)研究区茶园表层土壤氟含量范围为487.37～1120.78mg/kg,平均值为730.63mg/kg;研究区茶叶氟含量为31.23～112.49mg/kg,平均值为57.58mg/kg,所有样品均未超过农业标准(NY659—2003)限值;(2)研究区茶园土壤氟的形态分布为：残渣态>水溶态>有机态>铁锰结合态>可交换态,水溶态氟含量范围为5.27～23.15mg/kg,平均值为9.72mg/kg,远高于中国地氟病发生区水溶态氟的平均含量2.5mg/kg,说明研究区存在一定生态风险。土壤水溶态氟与茶叶氟含量有显著相关性(n=64,r=0.82,p<0.01),其余形态与茶叶氟含量无显著相关性;(3)以水溶态氟、CEC、交换性铝、有机质、pH五个...  相似文献   

10.
大冶市街尘重金属污染评价及化学形态特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以矿冶城市大冶市为例,结合街尘pH及矿物相,研究矿山活动影响下的2个典型区(靠近矿区的铜绿山镇和相对远离矿区的大冶市区)街尘中重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu)污染现状及化学赋存形态.地累积指数显示,铜绿山镇重金属处于严重污染水平,大冶市区处于重污染水平,其中Cd和Cu相对于Pb污染较严重.重金属BCR形态表明,铜绿山镇Cd以可氧化态和可还原态为主,大冶市区Cd四态比例基本相同;Pb在铜绿山镇以残渣态和可氧化态为主,而在大冶市区以弱酸态和可氧化态为主;Cu在两研究区均以可氧化态为主.Pb和Cd生物活性较大,对环境危害较高,Cu相对较低.  相似文献   

11.
Speciation of Cr in geochemical reference materials was characterised by sequential extraction and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to identify Cr(III) resulting from the reduction of pollutant Cr(VI). Sequential extraction suggested that the amount of Cr associated with an acetic acid soluble fraction was low; Cr associated with a reducible phase and an oxidisable phase was extracted at 5–10% of the total Cr concentration, and the residual phase was found to be the dominant Cr‐containing fraction. Cr speciation in soil artificially doped with Cr(VI) and sediment samples collected from highly populated and industrialised areas was different from that in naturally occurring materials. Substantial Cr was extracted as a reducible phase (15–30%) and an oxidisable phase (30–60%) for these samples. Through subsequent XANES spectroscopy analysis, the reducible phase was explained by Cr bound to Fe hydroxide, while the oxidisable phase was a mixture of Cr bound to humic substances and Cr hydroxides. That is, Cr(VI) present as a contaminant in sediments and soils was reduced to Cr(III), which then bound to Fe hydroxide and humic substances, precipitating as a hydroxide. Thus, a combination of sequential extraction and XANES spectroscopy allows for effective identification and quantification of the chemical forms of Cr in sediments and soils.  相似文献   

12.
金昌市铜镍矿区周围土壤中重金属的迁移特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
对金昌矿区不同区域土壤5~20 cm层中重金属各化学形态及活性态的迁移行为进行了研究,结果表明：土壤中重金属不同化学形态迁移率不同,弱酸提取态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态平均迁移率分别为0.13、0.51、0.30和0.54。重金属总量和活性态（包括弱酸提取态、可还原态、可氧化态）迁移率也表现出很大差异,尾矿区土壤Cr总量迁移率较高为0.65,而其活性态迁移率较低为0.26,Ni与Cr迁移特征完全相反,总量迁移率为0.26,而活性态迁移率为0.67;农田土壤中Pb总量迁移率低而活性态迁移率高,Ni与Zn特征相似,总量迁移率高而活性态迁移率相对较低;大棚地土壤中重金属迁移率均较低,Cu和Ni活性态几乎未发生向下迁移。可见,重金属的迁移与其化学形态分布关系密切,与重金属总量的迁移率相比,活性态迁移率能够更有效地反映出土壤中重金属的迁移特征和潜在危害性。  相似文献   

13.
Soil samples from chromite mining site and its adjacent overburden dumps and fallow land of Sukinda, Odisha, were analysed for their physico-chemical, microbial and metal contents. Chromite mine soils were heterogenous mixture of clay, mud, minerals and rocks. The pH of the soils ranges between 5.87 and 7.36. The nutrient contents of the mine soils (N, P, K and organic C) were found to be extremely low. Analysis of chromite mine soils revealed accumulation of a number of metals in high concentrations (Fe > Cr > Mn > Ni > Zn > Pb > Sr) which exceeded ecotoxicological limits in soil. Correlation and cluster analysis of metals revealed a strong relation between Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn among the different attributes studied. Assessment of different microbial groups such as fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria (heterotrophic, spore forming, free-living nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilising and cellulose degrading) from mine soils were found to be either extremely low or absent in some soil samples. Further chromium tolerant bacteria (CTB) were isolated using 100 mg/L Cr(VI) enriched nutrient agar medium and were screened for their tolerance towards increasing concentrations of hexavalent chromium and other toxic metals. Out of 23 CTB isolates, three bacteria tolerated up to 900 mg/L, 6 up to 500 mg/L, 20 up to 200 mg/L of Cr(VI). These bacteria were also found to be sensitive towards Cu > Co > Cd and very few CTB strains could show multiple metal tolerance. These strains have great scope for their application in bioremediation of toxic chromium ions in presence of other metals ions, which needs to be explored for their biotechnological applications.  相似文献   

14.
The oxidation states of chromium in GSJ JSO-2 (artificially contaminated soil) and three other geochemical reference materials (GSJ JSO-1, JLS-1 and JMS-1) were observed using X-ray near edge structure (XANES). For comparison, other artificially contaminated soil materials (mimic-JSO-2) were prepared by adding Cr(VI) into JSO-1. Their oxidation states of chromium were determined using XANES. The chromium contents were 1118 μg g-1 for JSO-2, 1352 μg g-1 for mimic-JSO-2 and 69-113 μg g-1 for the other reference materials. Most chromium was present as hexavalent in mimic-JSO-2. No hexavalent species were detected in other samples. These results for chromium oxidation state in JSO-2 and mimic-JSO-2 obtained with XANES resembled those obtained from a chemical extraction method. The present JSO-2 has no trace of Cr(VI), although Cr(VI) was added as a major species during preparation. On the other hand, the content of Cr(VI) obtained in mimic-JSO-2 agreed with the original Cr(VI) content. A time-elapse study showed that Cr(VI) contents in mimic-JSO-2 decreased gradually to 70% of the original abundance during 240-day preservation in dry conditions. Moreover, the abundance of Cr(VI) decreased markedly to 15% after 240 days in the wet mimic-JSO-2 containing 20% m/m of water. These experiments suggested that soil humidity enhanced the reduction of Cr(VI) and that Cr(VI) was reduced even in dry conditions. Consequently, it is reasonable to infer that Cr(VI) doped into JSO-2 was completely reduced to Cr(III) during the preservation period of 5 years. The certification of the long-term stability of the chemical form in reference materials will be much more important in future.  相似文献   

15.
The long-term impact of irrigation on a Mediterranean sandy soil irrigated with treated wastewater (TWW) since 1980 was evaluated. The main soil properties (CEC, pH, size distribution, exchangeable cations and chloride, hydraulic conductivity) as well as the organic matter and Cu, Cr and Pb speciation in an irrigated soil and a non-irrigated control soil at various soil depths were monitored and compared during a 2 year experiment. In this second part, we focused on Cu, Cr and Pb behaviour in relation with soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil samples were collected every 3 months during 2 years at the depths 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm and were analysed for exchangeable and total metals, organic carbon content, metal sequential extraction and humic substances – Humic Acids (HA), Fulvic Acids (FA) and Non-Humified Fraction (NHF). Long-term irrigation with a domestic treated wastewater (TWW) may be considered safe with regard to trace metal accumulation in soil. Irrigation lowered the HA and NHF fractions of SOC and made the FA fraction more mobile. Cu bound preferentially to the SOC fraction, Cr was found mainly in the reducible fraction and Pb was bound to all fractions indiscriminately. Cu exhibited a high affinity for the HA fraction, while Pb and Cr had a high affinity for the FA fraction, which indicates a greater mobility of the organically-bound Pb and Cr than of the organically-bound Cu. Evaluation of the potential metal mobility has to take into account not only the usual speciation between labile, reducible and oxidisable fractions, but also the nature of the SOC responsible for the oxidisable fraction.  相似文献   

16.
Hexavalent chromium has been proved to be the reason of several health hazards. This study aimed at evaluating the application of pomegranate seeds powder for chromium adsorption (VI) from aqueous solution. Chromium adsorption percentage (VI) increased with increasing the adsorbent dosage. Chromium adsorption capacity (VI), at pH = 2 and 10 mg/L initial metal concentration, decreased from 3.313 to 1.6 mg/g through increasing dosage of adsorbent from 0.2 to 0.6 g/100 ml. The adsorption rate increased through increase in chromium initial concentration (VI). However, there was a removal percentage reduction of chromium (VI). Chromium adsorption kinetics by different models (pseudo-first-order, modified pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion, Boyd kinetic) was investigated as well. Studies on adsorption kinetic indicated that the experimental data were matched by pseudo-second-order model (R 2 = 0.999) better. Obtained results demonstrated the pomegranate seeds can be used as an effective biomaterial and biosorbent for hexavalent chromium adsorption from aqueous solutions.  相似文献   

17.
Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB was utilized to treat hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated water. Cr(VI) concentration of the contaminated water (pH 10.85) was 534 mg/L. With the inoculum size ranging from 1 to 20 %, P. phragmitetus BB completely reduced Cr(VI) within 27 h when the initial medium concentration exceeded 20 g/L. The lag time of bio-reduction by Cr(VI)-induced cells was 24 h, which was longer than the non-Cr(VI)-induced cells. Under the agitation condition, an obvious bio-reduction lag phase existed and Cr(VI) was completely reduced within 24 h. However, the lag phase was not observed under the static condition, Cr(VI) was reduced continuously after inoculation and Cr(VI) was completely reduced after 27 h incubation. The main chromium components after Cr(VI) reduction were Cr(OH)3, Cr2O3 and CrCl3. The results of this study are fundamentally significant to the application of P. phragmitetus BB in the treatment of Cr(VI) contaminated water.  相似文献   

18.
Hexavalent chromium is a soluble, mobile, and highly toxic metal ion in groundwater. Adsorption by permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) with special sorbent is a common method to remove hexavalent chromium. A series of experiments have been performed to remove hexavalent chromium in groundwater under PRB with modified chitosan. Therefore, in this paper, the authors first estimated adsorption characteristics of the modified chitosan in a column test, and then calibrated the PRB adsorption parameters in a sandbox test, and finally designed an optimal width, length, and depth of the PRB with the same reactive media in a three-dimensional aquifer. The results showed that the modified chitosan might be a potential adsorption medium. The design schemes can meet the water quality standard of 0.1 mg/L Cr(VI). Heterogeneity of dispersion is a crucial factor when designing the PRB. Therefore, the design of the PRB structures can be appropriate and serve as reference for groundwater remediation.  相似文献   

19.
针对铬污染软土,自行设计了电动淋洗试验装置,开展了铬污染软土室内土柱淋洗试验,分析了试验过程中电流、电解质溶液pH的变化以及淋洗液种类、外加电压、温度对重金属铬去除特性的影响。结果表明:电动淋洗试验可以有效去除土壤中的重金属铬;相对于单一淋洗试验,用10 V电压强化淋洗试验显著提高了重金属铬去除效果,淋洗液为十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDS）时Cr（VI）和Cr（总）去除效率是单一淋洗法的2.79,3.12倍。当电压为10 V,温度升高至45 ℃时,淋洗液为柠檬酸（CA）和草酸（OA）的各组试验表明Cr（Ⅵ）与Cr（总）去除率均相应提高;而淋洗液为十二烷基苯磺酸钠时的试验组中Cr（VI）去除率提高了5.84%,Cr（总）去除率降低了4.25%,表明升高温度使部分Cr（VI）还原成不易迁移的Cr（III）;淋洗液为草酸的试验组中升高温度时Cr（Ⅵ）与Cr（总）去除率最高,分别达到了82.08%、77.57%,分别相应提高了27.65%、26.01%。电动淋洗试验后,铬污染软土土粒结构变得更紧密,土粒之间的孔隙减小且被填充的更加密实。  相似文献   

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