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1.
Roadway construction in karst areas: management of stormwater runoff and sinkhole risk assessment 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
In karst-rich regions, it is inevitable that roadways cross karst landscapes. Road building across such terranes faces environmental and engineering challenges because of impacts on water quality from stormwater runoff and concerns of sinkhole collapse under or near roadways. When highway runoff drains rapidly into subsurface conduit networks through open sinkholes and/or sinking streams, the impact of the runoff on the karst aquifer can be qualitatively evaluated by mixing cell models. Formulation of a comprehensive stormwater runoff management plan prior to roadway construction can minimize the associated adverse impacts. The commonly used best management practices help manage the stormwater runoff effectively in some sites. Site-specific management plans are preferable for other sites because of concerns of flooding and land stability. Proactive measures should be taken to identify areas of the greatest sinkhole collapse risk along the proposed route and the associated groundwater drainage patterns. 相似文献
2.
Lassaad Dassi Kamel Zouari Klaus Peter Seiler Serigne Faye Samir Kamel 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(4):501-511
Stable (18O, 2 H) and radiogenic (3H, 14C) isotopes of water have been used to constrain the source, origin, age, migration pathway and mixing processes in the Sbeïtla (Tunisia) system. The system is composed of an upper unconfined Middle Miocene aquifer with a variable thickness from 10–300 m, an intermediate confined/unconfined Lower Miocene aquifer about 100 m thick and a deeper confined Lower Cretaceous aquifer about 150 m thick separated by a thin clay layer. A total of 53 groundwater samples from the three aquifers and spring samples were collected during February and March 2000 and isotopically analysed using conventional methods. The stable isotopes composition of waters establishes that the deep groundwater (depleted as compared to present corresponding local rainfall) is ancient water recharged probably during the late Pleistocene and the early Holocene periods. The relatively recent water in the superficial aquifer is composed of mixed waters resulting presumably from upward leakage from the deeper groundwater. The radiogenic (3H, 14C) isotopes data confirm that the recent water, with a tritium content between 6.5 and 19 TU, represents post-nuclear recharge and the ancient groundwater with low carbon-14 contents between 7 and 26 pmC infiltrated between 8,000 to 20,000 years ago. When used in conjunction with the stable isotopes data, the mixing process can be clearly identified, especially in the Sbeïtla sill area. Groundwater of the upper aquifer exhibits isotopic signatures of both the old and recent waters. By using isotopic mass balance, the computed contribution of the deep groundwater in recharging the upper aquifer is up to 94%. 相似文献
3.
Geomicrobiology of Blood Falls: An Iron-Rich Saline Discharge at the Terminus of the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jill A. Mikucki Christine M. Foreman Birgit Sattler W. Berry Lyons John C. Priscu 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2004,10(3-4):199-220
Blood Falls, a saline subglacial discharge from the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica provides an example of the diverse physical and chemical niches available for life in the polar desert of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Geochemical analysis of Blood Falls outflow resembles concentrated seawater remnant from the Pliocene intrusion of marine waters combined with products of weathering. The result is an iron-rich, salty seep at the terminus of Taylor Glacier, which is subject to episodic releases into permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney. Blood Falls influences thegeochemistry of Lake Bonney, and provides organic carbon and viable microbes to the lakesystem. Here we present the first data on the geobiology of Blood Falls and relate it totheevolutionary history of this unique environment. The novel geological evolution of thissubglacial environment makes Blood Falls an important site for the study of metabolic strategiesin subglacial environments and the impact of subglacial efflux on associated lake ecosystems. 相似文献
4.
城市屋顶雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层的国内外案例介绍——兼对济南市屋顶雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层问题的思考 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过监测和分析济南市市区降水、屋面雨水水质和水量过程,屋顶雨水属微污染类水,经前期雨水弃流和预处理达到一定质量标准,通过管井回灌到裂隙岩溶含水层,可用于饮用水供水和保护地下水环境。已做的示踪试验表明,北方岩溶含水介质多属多重裂隙岩溶通道,因此在人工开采条件下,回灌应关注快、慢速流带来的不同水质变化问题,包括屋面雨水与裂隙岩溶介质的水岩作用。澳大利亚的案例说明,裂隙岩溶含水层对不同污染物有着不同的衰变效果。100多年来Mount Gambier市城区雨洪水经非承压石灰岩含水层径流一直排放到作为城市供水的蓝湖,到目前它对蓝湖水质没有表现出任何可量度的损害。但对于济南市的屋顶雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层,仍有许多问题需要研究。 相似文献
5.
Based on interval grey number theory, a grey numerical model was developed to simulate groundwater flow in two-dimensional porous-medium aquifer. The solution method proposed in this paper ensures the integrity and validity of the grey data transportation in the calculation processes. Because most of the parameters characterizing groundwater flow are of grey nature, a grey model can better describe the groundwater flow than the traditional white model. The method was applied to evaluate the sustainable groundwater resource in a groundwater basin of north China. The results from the case study help develop the most appropriate approaches to utilize the water resources in the area. 相似文献
6.
The chemical and microbiological characteristics of groundwater from two provinces of central Spain were studied. In some zones of this area, the concentrations of As in groundwater exceed the guideline concentrations, set internationally between 10 g/l and 50 g/l, reaching levels over 100 g/l. A narrow correlation between the contents of arsenic and HCO3– was observed. These data suggest a possible mechanism of the As mobilization from aquifer sediments to groundwater: the bicarbonate ions could displace HAsO42– adsorbed on aquifer oxyhydroxides. Sediments containing relatively high contents of adsorbed arsenic are deposited in surface water environments with low carbonate concentrations. Subsequently, the sediments become exposed to groundwater with highly dissolved carbonate content, and arsenic can be mobilized by displacement from mineral surfaces. In addition, the presence of Pseudomonas genera bacteria, which secrete siderophores (Fe chelating agents) could mobilize As adsorbed on Fe oxides through their dissolution. These combined microbiological and chemical processes might have increased the natural mobility of As. 相似文献
7.
Lake Suwa, located in the center of the largest Japanese island of Honshu was a typical hypertrophic lake with a dense scum Microcystis species in summer during the 1970's. However, due to the introduction of a sewage treatment plant and the awareness of environmental pollution by local residents, a decrease in the concentration of nutrients in lake water since 1981 has been observed (from 1600 g l–1 and 160 g l–1 in 1977 to 990 g l–1 and 110 g l–1 in 1984 for total nitrogen and phosphorus respectively). 相似文献
8.
The ground waters circulating in the Apulian mesozoic carbonate aquifer, of coastal type, show high concentrations of 222Rn everywhere. Considering their variation during the different phases of a hydrological year, such high concentration values can reach activity of 20 Bq/L, in the more internal zones of the aquifer. Moreover, it is often observed that, in correspondence of wells and springs nearest the coast, the concentrations of radioactive gas reach values greater than 400 Bq/L and vary considerably during the course of a day and with withdrawals. The research carried out over the last few years, has confirmed that 226Ra and 222Rn concentrations in the karst groundwater of Apulia, are mainly related to the occurrence of Terra Rossa inside the aquifer and the capacity of these paleosols to fix the salts of 226Ra coming from the dissolution of the calcareous and calcareous-dolomitic rocks. This paper shows the results of the analysis performed to define 222Rn increase in the brackish waters that come in contact with carbonate rocks and terra rossa. It also indicates the results of surveys performed in a coastal zone with well-known hydrogeological features. The controls performed during one hydrological year, have confirmed the relationships between the salt content of the ground waters and the enrichment of 222Rn and have highlighted that the manner of increase of this radioisotope is related to cases of ionic exchange and adsorption regulated by the dynamics of marine intrusion. 相似文献
9.
Kevin H. Johannesson W. Berry Lyons Suey Huey Georgia a. Doyle Eric E. Swanson Ed Hackett 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1997,3(1):61-97
Water samples were collected from the Truckee River-Pyramid Lake system, the Walker River-Walker Lake system, and the Carson River, all located in eastern California and western Nevada, U.S.A., at three different times (i.e., summer 1991, spring 1992, and autumn 1992) over a two year period. The concentrations of As, Na, Cl, PO4, and pH were measured in these river samples and the associated terminal lakes. Arsenic values ranged from below 13 nmol/kg near Truckee, California to 160 nmol/kg at Nixon, Nevada in the Truckee River, from 40 nmol/kg in the headwaters of both West and East Walker Rivers to 270 nmol/kg below Weber Reservoir on the main branch of the Walker River, and from <27 nmol/kg to 234 nmol/kg for the lower Carson River system. Arsenic concentrations in Steamboat Creek (0.91 mol/kg–1.80 mol/kg) in the Truckee River catchment are above the U.S. EPA drinking water maximum contaminant level of 0.67 mol/kg, as are the As concentrations in both Pyramid Lake (1.33 mol/kg–1.57 mol/kg ) and Walker Lake (13.7 mol/kg–18.7 mol/kg). Sources of As for all three rivers include weathering of As-rich rocks and/or regolith and input of high-As geothermal spring waters, both processes primarily, although not exclusively, adding As to the headwater regions of these rivers. Steamboat Hot Springs (29 mol/kg As 54.5 mol/kg), for example, is identified as a source of As to the Truckee River via Steamboat Creek. The high As concentrations in Pyramid and Walker Lakes are likely due to (1) desorption of arsenate from aquatic particulate matter in these high pH waters (9.0 pH 9.5), (2) limited biologic uptake of arsenate, and (3) evaporative concentration of the lake waters. Evaluation of molar PO4}/As ratios of river waters and geothermal spring waters (e.g., Steamboat Hot Springs), indicates that phosphate is substantially enriched in Steamboat Creek as well as the mid to lower reaches of the Walker and Carson Rivers. These regions of each river are dominated by agricultural interests and, additionally, in the case of Steamboat Creek, residential areas and golf courses. Our data strongly imply that phosphate-rich agricultural return flow has likely added P to these streams and, consequently, increased their respective P:As ratios. 相似文献
10.
Preliminary studies have been made on the distributions of oxygen and sulphur isotopes in the Rosebery, Mount Farrell, and Mount Lyell ores. These ores lie in Cambrian geosynclinal volcanic rocks in West Tasmania. At each locality the sulphur of the sulphide minerals has a distinctive degree of enrichment in 34S in relation to sulphur in meteorites and a narrow range of 34S values. The dominant ore at Mount Lyell (mainly pyrite-chalcopyrite) has an average 34S value of +7.0, the main lode at Rosebery (pyrite-sphalerite-galenachalcopyrite) averages +10.9, and the Mount Farrell ore (galena-sphalerite) averages +14.1. The degree of enrichment does not appear to be related to local, near-surface geological factors. Other ores of geosynclinal volcanic type with similar mineralogy also show narrow ranges in 34S and varying enrichments in 34S. Barite from a concordant sulphide-barite-carbonate lode at Rosebery has an average 34S of +38.1 and an average 18O of +10.7. Barite from veins at Mount Lyell has an average 34S of +25.3 and an average 18O of +10.6.
Die Verteilung von Sauerstoff- und Schwefel-Isotopen in den Erzkörpern von Rosebery, Mount Farrell und Mount Lyell wurde untersucht. Die Erzkörper sind in kambrische, geosynklinale vulkanische Gesteine Westtasmaniens eingebettet. An jeder dieser Lagerstätten zeigt der Schwefel der Sulfiderze einen charakteristischen Anreicherungsgrad an 34S im Verhältnis zum Meteoritenschwefel und einen eng begrenzten Bereich der 34S-Werte. Die Erze des Mount Lyell-Lagers (hauptsächlich Pyrit-Chalkopyrit) zeigen überwiegend einen 34S-Durchschnittswert von +7.0, das Hauptlager von Rosebery (Pyrit-Sphalerit-Galenit-Chalkopyrit) +10.9, und des Mount Farrell-Erz (Galenit-Sphalerit) +14.1. Der Anreicherungsgrad scheint nicht mit den lokalen geologischen Faktoren verbunden zu sein. Auch andere Erzkörper geosynklinaler vulkanischer Art von ähnlicher mineralogischer Struktur zeigen eng begrenzte 34S-Werte und 34S-Anreicherungsvariationen. Der Baryt des konkordant aufgebauten Sulfid-Baryt-Carbonat-Lagers bei Rosebery hat einen 34S-Durchschnitt von +38.1 und einen 18O-Durchschnitt von +10.7. Der Baryt aus den Erzgängen von Mount Lyell ist durch einen 34S-Durchschnitt von +25.3 und einen 18O-Durchschnitt von +10.6 charakterisiert.相似文献
11.
Watershed development programmes provide an opportunity for sustainable management strategies, although currently, they remain largely supply-side mechanisms of water resources development. Hydrogeological conditions, community participation and status of groundwater usage are important in evolving strategies on demand-side groundwater management.Neemkheda aquifer is a typical low-storage, low-hydraulic conductivity aquifer from a watershed in the dryland regions of Madhya Pradesh State of central India. A shallow unconfined aquifer, it consists of an upper coarse, calcareous sandstone unit underlain by a fine-grained sandstone unit. A well commune of seven wells is poised to test the concept of joint groundwater management, wherein wells are mechanisms of tapping a common water source, the Neemkheda aquifer.The strategy for systematic groundwater management in the Neemkheda well commune is based upon the relationship between Transmissivity (T) and Storage coefficient (S), i.e. aquifer diffusivity, and its variation within the aquifer. Wells within a high diffusivity domain tend to dewater more quickly than wells within a low diffusivity domain. A well-use schedule during the dry season, based upon aquifer diffusivity forms the basis of the groundwater management concept. The distribution of local aquifer diffusivities governs the relationship between local and regional aquifer depletion times and forms the basis of the groundwater management exercise being proposed for the Neemkheda aquifer.
Resumen Los programas de desarrollo de una cuenca hídrica son una oportunidad para el uso de estrategias de gestión sostenible, aunque hoy en día estas siguen siendo principalmente mecanismos para el desarrollo de recursos hídricos con énfasis en la oferta. Las condiciones hidrogeológicas, la participación comunitaria y la condición de utilización del agua subterránea, son importantes en el desarrollo de estrategias para la gestión del agua subterránea, desde el punto de vista de la demanda.El acuífero de Neemkheda es un acuífero típico de almacenamiento bajo y conductividad hidráulica baja, perteneciente a una cuenca hídrica ubicada en las regiones secas del Estado de Madhya Pradesh, en la parte central de India. Un acuífero de tipo libre, somero, formado por una unidad superior de arenisca calcárea de grano grueso, subyacida por una unidad de arenisca de grano fino.Un campo de pozos comunitario compuesto por siete pozos, pone a prueba el concepto de gestión conjunta del agua subterránea, dentro del cual los pozos son mecanismos para usar una fuente de agua común: El acuífero de Neemkheda.La estrategia usada para la gestión sistemática del agua subterránea, en el campo de pozos comunitario de Neemkheda, se basa en la relación existente entre Transmisividad (T) y Coeficiente de Almacenamiento (S), es decir en la Difusividad del Acuífero y en su variación observada dentro del mismo acuífero. Los pozos cuya difusividad esta dentro de un rango alto, tienden a experimentar un descenso en su nivel mas rápidamente que aquellos pozos con una difusividad baja. El concepto de gestión de agua subterránea se basa en un programa especial de operación para cada pozo durante la estación seca, el cual a su vez se basa en la difusividad del acuífero. La distribución de difusividades locales del acuífero rige las relaciones entre las épocas de descensos de nivel en el acuífero a escala regional y local, y además constituyen la base del ejercicio de la gestión del agua subterránea que se esta proponiendo para el acuífero de Neemkheda.
Résumé Les programmes de développement des bassins versants offrent une occasion de développer des stratégies pour une gestion durable, bien qu à présent elles restent en grande mesure le terme source dans le mécanisme de développement de la ressource en eau. Les conditions hydrogéologiques, la participation de la communauté et lusage des eaux souterraines sont importants pour le terme demande dans les stratégies de gestion des eaux souterraines. Laquifère de Neemkheda presents des caractéristiques typiques pour un bassin versant dans les régions arides de létat Madhya Pradesh de lInde centrale en ce qui concerne les faible valeurs de la conductivité hydraulique et du coéfficient demmagasinement. Il sagit dun aquifère phrèatique dont la partie supérieure est constitué par des grès calcaire qui restent sur des grés plus fins. Afin dessayer le concept de gestion integrée, on a réalisé dans laquifère de Neemkheda un captage ayant sept forages qui forment la ressource en eau communale. La stratégie de la gestion systématique du captage est basée sur la relation entre la transmissivité (T), le coéfficient demmagasinement (S), donc la diffusivité hydraulique ainsi que sa variation spatiale. Les puits forés dans les zones à grande diffusivité tendent à sassècher plus vite que ceux creusés dans des zones à faible diffusivité. Le concept de la gestion des eaux souterraines est donc basé sur la distribution spatiale des diffusivités. À partir de ce concept on a développé un programme dexploitation des forages pendant les saisons sèches. La relation entre les temps d épuissment locaux et régionaux est determiné par la distribution spatiale de la diffusivitée et forme la base de lexercice sur la gestion des eaux proposée pour laquifère de Neemkheda.相似文献
12.
Lakes in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica were investigated to determine the impact of a significant air temperature warming event that occurred during the austral summer of 2001–2002. The warming in the valleys caused an increase in glacial run-off, record stream discharge, an increase in lake levels, and thinning of the permanent ice covers. These changes in the physical environment drove subsequent changes in the biogeochemistry of the lakes. Primary production in West Lake Bonney during the flood was reduced 23% as a consequence of stream induced water column turbidity. Increased nutrient levels within the lakes occurred in the year following the temperature induced high flow year. For example, soluble reactive phosphorus loading to Lake Fryxell was four-fold greater than the long-term average loading rates. These high nutrient levels corresponded to an increase in primary production in the upper water columns of Lakes Bonney and Fryxell. Depth integrated chlorophyll-a values increased 149% in East Lake Bonney, 48% in West Lake Bonney, and showed little change in Lake Fryxell; chlorophyll-a in Lake Hoare decreased 18% compared to long-term averages recorded as part of our ten year monitoring program, presumably from a reduction in under-ice PAR caused by increased sediment loads on the ice cover. Overall the warming event served to recharge the ecosystem with liquid water and associated nutrients. Such floods may play an important role in the long-term maintenance of liquid water in these dry valley lakes. 相似文献
13.
Karst breakdown mechanisms from observations in the gypsum caves of the Western Ukraine: implications for subsidence hazard assessment 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The term karst breakdown is employed in this paper to denote the totality of processes and phenomena of gravitational and/or hydrodynamic destruction of the ceiling of a karst cavity and of the overlying sediments. It refers not only to the existence of a surface subsidence (collapse) feature but, first of all, to the internal (hidden in the subsurface) structures that precede development of a surface form. This study reports and discusses the results of direct mapping and examination of breakdown structures in the gypsum karst of the Western Ukraine, at the level of their origin, i.e., in caves. The accessibility of numerous laterally extensive maze cave systems in the region provided an excellent opportunity for such an approach, which made it possible to examine the relationship between breakdown structures and particular morphogenetic or geological features in caves, and to reveal stages of breakdown development. It is found that breakdown is initiated mainly at specific speleogenetically or geologically weakened localities, which classify into a few distinct types. The majority of breakdowns, which are potent to propagate through the overburden, relate with the outlet cupolas/domepits that represent places where water had discharged out of a cave to the upper aquifer during the period of transverse artesian speleogenesis. Distribution of breakdown structures does not correlate particularly well with the size of the master passages. Several distinct mechanisms of breakdown development are revealed, and most of them proceed in several stages. They are guided by speleogenetic, geological and hydrogeological factors. The study confirms that a speleogenetic approach is indispensable to the understanding of breakdown pre-requisites and mechanisms, as well as for eventual subsidence hazard assessment. Direct observations in caves, aimed both at speleogenetic investigation and breakdown characterization on regional- or site-specific levels, should be employed wherever possible. 相似文献
14.
C. Perkins 《Mineralium Deposita》1996,31(1-2):71-83
The 40Ar/39Ar dating of alteration muscovite from the Rosebery Zn-Pb-Cu and Mount Lyell Cu deposits, Tasmania, Australia, has determined a succession of deformation events which occurred from 400-378 Ma, and comprises the Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny. The dates from Rosebery range from 400-390 Ma, are a minimum age for mineralization, indicate the time of deformation, and provide a maximum age limit for granitoid emplacement in the vicinity of the deposit. The ages from the Mount Lyell field range from 400-378 Ma, are a minimum for mineralization, and date cleavage development. The North Lyell Cu mineralization, which was probably broadly coeval with deformation, may have formed at 400 Ma. All pre-Devonian alteration micas in the Rosebery and Mount Lyell areas have been recrystallized or reset. The Tabberabberan deformation in western Tasmania was broadly contemporaneous with widespread crustal shortening in southeastern Australia, as established from the dating of alteration minerals associated with deformation-related precious and base metal deposits. 相似文献
15.
The bedrock surface of many glaciated areas is obscured by thick drift deposits. In southern Ontario, Canada, the buried bedrock surface is dissected by channels, infilled with glacial deposits as much as 150 m thick, that are part of a wider mid-continent preglacial fluvial system that predates formation of the modern Great Lake basins. The infills of bedrock channels form major groundwater aquifers, influence regional groundwater flows and contaminant migration to Lake Ontario, and may localize the release of thermogenic methane and radon within heavily urbanized surface environments. A quantitative comparison of the regional pattern of bedrock joints and the orientation pattern of buried bedrock channels and modern river valleys shows that all these orientation patterns are virtually coincident. Buried bedrock channels in south-central Ontario are not part of a simple antecedent drainage system but were likely predesigned by bedrock joint patterns that have subsequently been propagated upward into overlying Pleistocene sediments. Joints in sediments are of considerable environmental significance (for example, subsurface contaminant and gas migration in fine-grained clayey sediments) and of many origins (stress release, desiccation, etc.) but are widely assumed to be a predominantly surface-related phenomena; the existence of deeper joints has been noted by some authors but their origin is obscure. Data presented herein from south-central Ontario confirm that, in addition to surface-related joints, a second population of bedrock-related joints, reflecting the upward propagation of bedrock fractures, is present in Pleistocene sediments of south-central Ontario. 相似文献
16.
Prussian Blue, FeIII
4[FeII(CN)6]3, and structurally related transition metal compounds are used as cesium ion exchangers in decontamination procedures of liquid radioactive waste. The used ion exchangers are conditioned as a cementitious waste form for interim storage and finally will become part of the radioactive waste in geological repositories. The problem discussed here is the long-term behaviour of the ion exchangers FeIII
4[FeII(CN)6]3 and Ni2[Fe(CN)6] in planned geological repositories. The worst-case scenario is the instantaneous and complete dissolution and decomposition of the ion exchangers in the cementitious environment and the release of free cyanide. All radionuclides belonging to the class of hard acceptors, e. g. Cs, Sr, Ra, U, Np, Pu, Am and Cm, are not affected by cyanide complexation under these conditions. Radionuclides belonging to the class of soft acceptors and borderline metals, e.g. Co, Ni, Tc, Cd, Pb, Pd and Ag, are affected to various degrees by cyanide complexation. Strong complexation and extensive cyanide leaching is found for Ni, Co, Pd, Ag. 相似文献
17.
An analcime-rich mugearite near Spring Mount in north-eastern New South Wales contains dominant kaersutite, lesser anorthoclase and rare Ti-rich mica megacrysts, and also rare Group I peridotite xenoliths and granitoid inclusions. Mineralogical, experimental and Sr and Nd isotopic data are interpreted to indicate that the megacrysts are cognate with their host and that megacryst precipitation occurred at pressures in the vicinity of 1 GPa. Isotopic and other data indicate minimal crystal contamination of the melt. The generation of this evolved lava (100 Mg/(Mg+Fe2+), M55; differentiation index DI52–56) by high-pressure amphiboledominated fractionation of a mantle-derived hydrous alkali basaltic parent (M70) is inconsistent with observed megacryst abundances (<3%) and absence of Group II cumulates, and with the magnitude of the crystal extracts (45% crystals) indicated by crystal fractionation models. These data suggest the mugearite is not a high-pressure differentiate of a hypothetical primary parental magma (M70). Alternatively, its composition might approximate that of a primary magma derived from a relatively Fe-rich amphibole lherzolite mantle source. 相似文献
18.
Stefano Merlino 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1973,41(1):23-29
Sapphirine-1Tc, a polymorph of sapphirine, was found in granulites near Wilson Lake, Labrador. It is triclinic with unit cell data: a=10.04, b=10.38, c=8.65 Å, =107°33, =95°07, =123°55. The X-ray diffraction patterns of several crystals of sapphirine from Wilson Lake were investigated and evidence was found of solid state reactions that lead from the ordered polymorph-1Tc to a disordered arrangement of domains with the structure of sapphirine-2M, that is normal sapphirine. 相似文献
19.
Limestone quarrying and quarry reclamation in Britain 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Limestones have been worked for many thousands of years — initially for building stone and agricultural lime and more recently for a wide range of construction and industrial uses. In most industrialized countries limestone quarries represent the most visually obvious and, in both process and landform terms, the most dramatic anthropogenic impact on karst terrain. However, quarrying has, to date, received surprisingly little attention from karst scientists. Research in the English Peak District suggested that the postexcavation evolution of quarried limestone rock faces was in part a result of the methods used in their excavation, and this led to the development of a technique designed to reduce the visual and environmental impacts of modern quarries by Landform replication. This involves the use of controlled restoration blasting techniques on quarried rock slopes to construct a landform sequence similar to that in the surrounding natural landscape. The constructed landforms are then partially revegetated using appropriate wildflower, grass, and/or tree species. 相似文献
20.
Natural groundwater of a gas field utilizable for a bioremediation of trichloroethylene-contamination 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Groundwater from a shallow aquifer in Mobara, a city in a natural gas field in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, was found to contain a significant amount of dissolved methane (<3.1 mM) along with nitrate, phosphate and methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs, <9.9×106 MPN ml–1) which can degrade trichloroethylene (TCE). This water exhibited high methanotroph growth activity and rapid degradation of TCE. This water was introduced into a TCE-contaminated aquifer. The concentration of TCE at the monitoring well 2 m down-gradient of the injection pit decreased from 128 g L–1 before the injection to less than the lower detection limit of 12.5 g L–1 after the injection, while it decreased only slightly (to 86 g L–1) when control water was injected. These results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a natural groundwater resource containing methane and methanotrophs without any additives for bioremediation of a TCE-contaminated site. 相似文献