共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 656 毫秒
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塔河油田海西早期形成了复杂的碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞系统,其发育规模在东部地区和西部地区表现出显著的差异性。岩溶水作为岩溶发育的关键因素,在不同地质背景下表现出的水文学特征及水动力作用与岩溶缝洞系统的发育密切相关。为了深入认识和阐述岩溶储层发育机制,基于三维地震资料,通过地震属性技术结合现代岩溶理论成果恢复了塔河油田埋深5 000m以下的古水文网络,精细描述了水系发育特征。研究结果表明:东部地区地表水系统具有较大汇水量,水系以强烈的垂向侵蚀作用为主,发育了完整的地表-地下双重水系型水文网络系统;西部地区地表水以水平溶蚀作用为主,地貌较为平缓,尚未产生大型地下水系网络系统,属于地表水系型水文网络系统。东、西部地区地表、地下水文系统动力学机制的不同,为这2个地区岩溶储层发育的差异性提供了合理解释。 相似文献
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东北地区资源环境配置关系与公益性地质工作体系建设 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
东北地区公益性地质工作的业务工作体系构建,应当考虑经济社会发展在东北亚地区、东北地区和东北重要地区3个层面的宏观目标和重大需求.其工作体系结构包括“基础地质调查图文数据更新系统”、“战略性矿产资源调查评价”、“水文与环境地质调查评价”和“公益性地质工作成果的社会化服务”4个方面的学科工作系统,是公益性地质工作业务推进的具体化. 相似文献
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大兴安岭北部富克山地区勘查地球化学工作方法探索 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大兴安岭北部为典型的森林沼泽景观区,勘查地球化学找矿方法在该区找矿工作中起到了重要作用,这一特定的景观内大区自然环境相同,而局部地质、地貌条件、植被发育程度、风化程度等各有差异,必将影响工作方法的选择及其应用效果.通过富克山地区1/5万水系沉积物测量及后期查证的工作,以生产与试验相结合,对水系沉积物测量及后期土壤地球化学测量工作方法进行了探索研究,取得了较好的应用效果.认为富克山地区应属中低山森林沼泽亚景观区,水系沉积物测量采样介质可以采用细砂、粉砂、岩屑,野外样品初加工方法为水筛,野外样品初加工粒级为-10~+60目.二级查证1/万土壤地球化学（剖面）测量,采样层位为B层,介质以褐黄色、土黄色土壤为主,初加工粒级为-40目,初加工方法为干燥后过筛. 相似文献
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从水文行业统计看水文事业发展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
全国水文统计对制订水文事业发展规划和指导全国水文行业管理工作具有重要意义。本文根据《全国水文统计年报》,对比分析"十五"和"十一五"期间我国水文站网、设施设备、从业人员、经费投入等行业发展重要指标的变化情况。结果表明,水文站网向布局合理、项目齐全、功能完善的体系发展;水文基础设施建设不断加强,测报设施整体水平明显提升,先进仪器设备推广力度加大,水文测验方式和技术手段由传统方式向现代化方式转变;从业人员队伍整体素质不断提高,结构不断优化;水文经费投入大幅增加,为水文基础设施建设和水文业务工作开展提供了重要保障。"十五"和"十一五"期间,我国水文事业得到了健康快速发展,水文现代化水平逐步提升,水文测报和信息服务能力显著提高,为经济社会发展做出了重要贡献。 相似文献
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水文基础设施建设对保证水土资源合理利用及预防洪涝灾害发展重要作用,加强水文基础设施建设有利于保证水土生态环境稳定,本文对我国水文基础设施建设必要性进行分析,针对我国水文基础设施建设过程中主要存在的整个水文站网不完善及布局不合理、水文监测能力薄弱和水文业务系统功能单一、技术落后及维护不到位等实际问题,提出从加强水文监测站点建设、促进水文监测能力的提高和强化水资源管理及水土保持建设,促进水文服务能力的提高等方面推动水文基础设施建设及监控管理工作的现代化进程,促进水文监测工作的全面开展,保证水利相关工作的不断协调与完善,推动国家及社会稳定与发展。 相似文献
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水文情况年报统计是水文行业管理的一项重要的基础工作。每年度的全国水文情况年报,分别从水文站网、设施设备、职工队伍、经费投入等方面客观地反映了全国水文事业的发展、水文科技的进步和现代化水平的提高,对分析和指导水文业务和管理工作具有重要的参考价值,也为宏观决策提供了科学依据。现就2002年全国水文情况年报统计情况概述如下(有关数据详见表1)。 相似文献
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Petar Milanović 《Environmental Geology》1990,15(1):5-11
The region of eastern Herzegovina and Dubrovnik coastal belt is one of the hydrogeologically and hydrologically most interesting regions of Yugoslavia karst. The main water course in the region is the Trebinjica river, the largest sinking river in Europe. All the poljes in the catchment area are temporary flooded, hydrologically separated, and closed karst entities. Enormous quantities of available water are not evenly disturbed neither in the time nor in the space. The Trebinjica Hydrosystem project uses the basic concept of total water regime organization and its multipurpose utilization. With the construction of seven dams, six artificial reservoirs, six tunnels (with total length, 57 km), and four canals (with total length 74 km) the natural regime of surface and underground waters has been completely changed.As a consequence of water regime disturbance, a lot of changes have been observed in the catchment area: changes in the karst aquifers; local changes of climate conditions; eolic erosion effect; influence on the karst underground and littoral belt; influence on the springs yield; influence on adjacent catchment area; pollution of karst aquifers and influence of storage reservoirs on seismicity—induced seismicity. This article presents influences observed after the first stage of hydrosystem construction. 相似文献
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Hydrogeological Changes Related to the Umbria–Marche Earthquake of 26 September 1997 (Central Italy)
Evidences of variations of the hydrologic regime have been observed after the Umbria–Marche seismic sequence, started on September 26th 1997, at the boundary between Umbria and Marche regions, central Italy. In order to quantify the hydrological variations, several data regarding groundwater level, spring discharge and river flow rates, have been collected from local authorities and mineral water companies. They allowed to confine the area affected by anomalies and to quantify the hydrological variations by a comparison with the average yearly regime, estimated from the data referring to previous years. An attempt to identify precursor phenomena has also been carried out. The results of the analysis sustain the close connection of two water reservoirs, the Umbria–Marche ridge and the Valnerina unit, that have both been affected by changes of the hydrologic regime. Two of the river gauge stations registered anomalies several months before the crisis started, acting as earthquake precursors. 相似文献
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在气候变化和人类活动日趋增强的影响下,同一流域往往面临着水资源、水环境、水生态和水沙等多种水问题,且干旱和洪涝等极端事件发生的频率日渐增强;系统治理及减缓极值化,成为流域综合治理关键任务,而提升流域对水循环多过程的调节能力则是其关键。在对中国水问题发展形势进行研判的基础上,系统剖析了传统治水模式中强调“状态改变”、“末端治理”、“过程分离”等的不足;明晰了变化环境下水问题系统治理的总体需求和生态海绵智慧流域建设的总体思路;提出了生态海绵智慧流域建设的总体技术框架和若干关键问题。生态海绵智慧流域建设将充分遵循水循环多过程的演变规律,规范人类水土资源开发活动,实现地表-土壤-地下多过程、水量-水质-泥沙-水生态的联合调控,最大限度实现“去极值化”,建设健全流域的综合服务功能,保育“山水林田湖”生命体功能。 相似文献
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环境变化改变了河流水文情势,影响了河流的生态系统健康,亟需开展变化环境下河流水文健康演变定量归因方法研究。选取北方半干旱地区老哈河流域为研究区,依据流域内3个水文站、17个雨量站和6个气象站1964—2016年数据,基于可变下渗容量模型还原河流的天然流量序列;采用概率密度法计算河流生态流量,基于生态流量阈值推求河流水文健康等级;基于"观测-模拟"对比分析法,定量分离气候变化和人类活动对河流水文健康情势的影响。结果表明:人类活动是甸子和太平庄子流域自1980年以来河流水文健康情势退化的主要原因,其贡献率分别为86.9%和87.9%;大面积农业灌溉用水引起地表径流下降以及水利工程改变天然水文情势,影响了河流水文健康情势;90年代降水量较为充沛,研究流域受人类活动影响程度较小,河流水文健康等级维持在较高的水平。综合生态流量阈值和"观测-模拟"对比分析方法可定量识别河流水文健康情势演变原因,为适应环境变化的河流健康管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Human has always modified its surroundings for better adaptation which include the building of urban landscapes, dams, and engineering constructions like bridges and other infrastructures. It has been unveiled from the study of River Chel that when the rail bridge was constructed before 1913, the natural width of the river was nevertheless maintained but the problem was initiated and after the road bridge construction in 1970s when the river width was minimized,the morphological changes started in a large scale. Such modifications have affected nature as well as human communities both positively and negatively. This paper will try to portray the evolution of channel shifting and changes of sediment size regime that the River Chel is experiencing due to the construction of bridges across the middle part of its course. So, this study is concerned about the changes in channel pathway since last 100 years and field-based hydrological parameters and sediment size analysis reveals some distinct changes in the channel planform with alteration of sediment size regime. Simulation of the hydraulic modeling in HEC-RAS specifies the probable affected area with bridges and without bridges in both upstream and downstream of the river course. Hence, the study unveils the alteration of the river hydrology and sediment size caused due to anthropogenic effects and impact of such flow analysis has been evaluated through the bridge scour calculation by CUS method. The discussion concludes that the Odlabari road bridge construction (after 1970) has modified the normal hydrological behavior of the river with a higher probability of bank erosion in downstream and floods in upstream resulting river bottleneck condition. 相似文献
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关于长江中游洪灾问题的思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国是一个水灾频发的国家 ,长江中游历来就是重灾区。 1998年的长江洪水是 1954年以来最大的一次全流域性洪水 ,高水位持续时间长 ,洪水量大 ,洪水遭遇情况恶劣是这次长江汛期的突出特点 ,由此造成的损失十分严重。导致长江中游洪灾的原因是众多的 ,其中气候异常是最直接的影响因素 ,但过度围湖垦殖与江湖关系失调亦是洪涝灾害日趋严重的一个重要原因。由于自然演变和人类活动的共同作用 ,长江中游河湖环境越来越不利于超额洪水的排泄。江汉湖群、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖面积缩小 ,容积减少 ,对河流水量的调蓄作用大大降低。同时荆江已演变为典型的弯曲河道 ,成为防洪的重点地段。荆江大堤的修建隔断了江湖联系 ,改变了中游河湖关系。所有这些因素都使得中游洪灾日益加重。为了实现区域可持续发展 ,迫切需要建立一套完善的抗洪减灾防御体系。 相似文献
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Zhakypbay Dostay Sayat Alimkulov Aisulu Tursunova Akhan Myrzakhmetov 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(8):3041-3047
This paper addressed problems on the history of the formation and functioning in one of the largest intracontinental estuary in Kazakhstan—the Ili River waterway. Being a natural regulator of the ecological status of the region, Ili River estuary also influences the water regime of Lake Balkash. This paper studied the current state of hydrographic and hydrological networks in a selected area and the distribution of water flow entering the estuary on various ducts. Using a water balance method, in this study, calculated loss of water in the delta also estimated runoff to the peak of delta and the inflow of river water into Lake Balkash for two periods: the natural and disturbed conditions. As a result of work performed, it was possible to trace dynamics of hydraulic parameters for a multiyear period. 相似文献