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1.
典型岩溶区多介质中多环芳烃的环境存在特征——以广西大石围天坑群为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择典型岩溶地区广西大石围天坑群为研究对象,采用2007-2008年同期采集的大气干湿沉降、空气、土壤、地下河水和沉积物样品测试数据,运用16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的成分谱、分布特征和特征比值,结合其物理化学性质进行对比分析.初步研究结果表明,全年大气干湿物/土壤/地下河沉积物均以屈(Chr)、苯并[b]荧蒽(BbF)、苯并[k]荧蒽(BkF)、苯并[a]芘(BaP)4种4～6环PAHs为主;同期天坑空气/秋冬季于湿沉降物/地下河水以萘(Nap)、芴(Flu)、菲(Phe)和蒽(Ant)4种2～3环PAHs为主;各组介质中的PAHs存在特征具有较好的一致性,但也有一定的差异.利用这种方法初步解释了岩溶地区土壤、地下河水和沉积物中PAHs污染的来源(或输入);同时证明了大气干湿沉降物是偏远岩溶地区土壤和地下河中PAHs的主要来源.因此建议在污染源调查过程中应把大气干湿沉降物列为PAHs污染源. 相似文献
2.
选择典型岩溶地区广西大石围天坑群为研究对象,采用2007—2008年同期采集的大气干湿沉降、空气、土壤、地下河水和沉积物样品测试数据,运用16种多环芳烃（PAHs)的成分谱、分布特征和特征比值,结合其物理化学性质进行对比分析。初步研究结果表明,全年大气干湿物/土壤/地下河沉积物均以屈（Chr）、苯并\[b]荧蒽（BbF）、苯并\[k]荧蒽（BkF）、苯并\[a]芘（BaP）4种4～6环PAHs为主;同期天坑空气/秋冬季干湿沉降物/地下河水以萘（Nap）、芴（Flu）、菲（Phe）和蒽（Ant）4种2～3环PAHs为主;各组介质中的PAHs存在特征具有较好的一致性,但也有一定的差异。利用这种方法初步解释了岩溶地区土壤、地下河水和沉积物中PAHs污染的来源（或输入）;同时证明了大气干湿沉降物是偏远岩溶地区土壤和地下河中PAHs的主要来源。因此建议在污染源调查过程中应把大气干湿沉降物列为PAHs污染源。 相似文献
3.
为证实大气干湿沉降物是岩溶地下河中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源,研究选择了某城市典型的岩溶地下河水源地作为研究地点,采用大气干湿采样器、聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)大气被动采样器分别采集大气及其干湿沉降物样品,同时采集地下河水样和分层采集流域土壤,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了16种PAHs优先控制污染物。结果表明,地下河流域大气干湿沉降中PAHs的干湿沉降通量为147.26 ng·(m2·d)-1,流域PAHs沉降量为1943.8 g;大气中的PAHs浓度为45.33 ng·m-3;地下河水中PAHs浓度平均值为220.98 ng·L-1;土壤中PAHs浓度为38.72 ng·g-1;大气、降雨和土壤中PAHs组成以2~3环的萘、芴、菲、荧蒽、芘5种为主,地下河水中以芴、菲、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a]芘6种为主。利用地下河多介质中的16种PAHs成分谱、特征比值结合它们的物理化学性质进行PAHs的源解析,研究显示大气干湿沉降是岩溶地下河水中多环芳烃的主要污染源之一,这归因于岩溶地区防污性能的脆弱性。 相似文献
4.
近年来我国长江河口有关沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的研究主要集中在长江口近海及上海主城区滨岸等区域,而长江口航道则鲜有报道。本文在长江口启东—崇明岛航道区域采集表层(0~20 cm)沉积物样品,利用加速溶剂萃取技术提取,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器对14种PAHs进行测定,研究其分布特征、环境来源和潜在的生态风险。研究结果显示,PAHs在所有沉积物样品中均有不同程度的检出,浓度范围为83.43~5206.97 ng/g,平均值736.95 ng/g。就PAHs单体而言,含量较高的是2~4环污染物,其中菲的含量最高,占各点位PAHs总量的9.04%~24.06%;其次为荧蒽和芘;具有高致癌性的苯并(a)芘在各个点位均能检出,占PAHs总量的0.94%~10.68%。与国内外类似河口和近海海域相比,本研究区PAHs处于中等污染水平。利用比值法解析PAHs的来源,菲/蒽(Phe/Ant)10且荧蒽/芘(Fla/Pyr)≥1的点位占所有采样点位的56.25%,表明区域内PAHs的主要来源是化石燃料的高温燃烧;位于航运码头附近采样点位的PAHs以石油源为主,部分点位呈化石燃料源和石油源混合污染特征。对照风险效应低值(ERL)和风险效应中值(ERM)进行初步风险评价,表明研究区域部分采样点位的PAHs具有潜在的生态风险。 相似文献
5.
地下水中苯并[a]芘来源探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用色谱质谱法对2000~2002年地下水中苯并[a]芘含量进行了分析,在分析苯并[a]芘在地下水环境中迁移特征的基础上,初步探讨了地下水中苯并[a]芘的来源。结果表明,苯并[a]芘在潜水含水层、200m的承压含水层以及500m的煤系地层和1000m以上的岩溶水中都有检出,含量低,为数个ng/L;由于苯并[a]芘的辛醇-水分配系数kow很大,为106个数量级,具有很强的憎水性,会强烈地被吸附在土壤颗粒物的有机碳上,因此苯并[a]芘很难从表层土壤中迁移进入地下水,土壤和沉积物是其主要的环境归宿;从理论上看,地下水中的苯并[a]芘是天然来源。 相似文献
6.
《上海国土资源》2018,(4)
通过对上海某多环芳烃污染地块的场地环境调查,按照调查结果和《上海市污染场地风险评估技术规范》要求,开展该地块健康风险评估工作。结果表明,该地块土壤中苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽对潜在敏感受体的健康风险值超过了可接受范围,该地块在开发前需进行场地修复。综合考虑后续修复的技术经济可行性以及实验室检测能力,场地风险控制值优先引用计算所得风险控制值,若计算结果小于上海市敏感用地筛选值,则选取敏感用地筛选值作为场地风险控制值。土壤中苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽的综合风险控制值分别为2.1mg/kg2.1mg/kg 0.4mg/kg 2.1mg/kg 0.2mg/kg,需要修复的土方量合计为152m~3。 相似文献
7.
《新疆地质》2021,(2)
为掌握和田河流域绿洲区地下水有机污染状况及对人体健康的影响,采样并检测了地下水中37项有机物,运用美国联邦环保署推荐的U.S.EPA模型对地下水有机污染的健康风险进行评估。结果表明,和田河流域绿洲区地下水中只有苯并[a]芘一种有机物被检出,含量0.037 8～0.869 1μg/L,检出率和超标率均为13.3%。该区地下水有机污染程度总体较低,仅局部区域存在地下水苯并[a]芘污染问题。健康风险评估显示,饮用地下水暴露途径下苯并[a]芘对人体健康产生的致癌风险值为3.77E-6～8.66E-5,超出了风险可接受水平。地下水中苯并[a]芘含量控制在3.76E～5μg/L以下可确保绿洲区地下水的饮用安全。 相似文献
8.
近几年多环芳烃(PAHs)在地下水中的检出报道逐渐增多,但关于我国主要水文地质单元地下水中PAHs的研究匮乏。为研究不同水文地质条件地下水中PAHs分布特征,本文在华北平原、珠江三角洲平原及西南岩溶区采集浅层孔隙地下水和岩溶地下水样品共82组,使用气相色谱-质谱仪进行测试,采取统计学方法对比分析各区PAHs的检出率、浓度和组成。结果表明:检测的16种PAHs,每种PAH至少在一个样品中被检出,检出率最高的是(6.10%),检出浓度最大的是萘(5.41μg/L),仅苯并(a)芘超过《地下水水质标准》Ⅲ类水限值,超标率为2.44%。地下水中PAHs以2～4环为主,但三个研究区存在差异,北方孔隙水4环PAHs的相对比例(52.48%)较高;南方孔隙水与西南岩溶水分别是3环(56.60%)、2环(95.66%)PAHs占优。北方孔隙水PAHs主要是燃烧源,南方孔隙水PAHs来源与珠江三角洲产业布局相关,西南岩溶水PAHs则主要受大气降水影响。PAHs在各区检出差异与其理化性质、区域水文地质条件、污染源和气象水文等因素有关。研究结果可为我国地下水PAHs污染监测和地下水相关标准制定提供基础支撑。" 相似文献
9.
铝土矿沉积被认为是炎热潮湿热带或亚热带古气候条件下的气候敏感沉积物。对黔北铝土矿中3个钻孔不同层位岩心样品的GC-MS检测显示,样品中含有种类丰富、相对含量较高的燃烧成因多环芳烃化合物(PAHs)。以芘、荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、苯并[e]芘、苯并[ghi]苝等为代表的燃烧成因PAHs与陆上火灾事件密切相关。结合生物标志物特征及前人研究所得的古地磁、植物与孢粉化石证据,认为黔北铝土矿形成时陆上存在丰富的植被,且是一种在炎热潮湿背景下存在季节性干湿分异的古气候条件。 相似文献
10.
泸江流域是滇东南典型的喀斯特断陷盆地发育区,主干水系连接着多个断陷盆地及坡立谷.根据最新的地下水污染调查资料,流域喀斯特地下水质量总体以Ⅲ类为主,水质超Ⅲ类的岩溶水点中,东部多,西部少,且暗河占比最大,岩溶泉次之,机井最小.主要污染源是工矿企业及城镇生活垃圾污染源,研究分析了污染影响因素为环境水文地质条件的差异、污染源类型及排污强度、岩溶含水层防污性能的强弱程度和岩溶地下水污染机制的不同.详细阐述了岩溶地下水主要污染机制为落水洞或岩溶洞管灌入污染机制、溶隙溶孔含水介质渗透污染机制及浅覆盖型岩溶含水层越流渗漏污染机制.针对性的提出了3条防治对策:一是调整工业布局,切实减少、杜绝污染源;二是调查污染源及污染途径,重视环境水文地质条件对污染物迁移转化的影响;三是编制地下水开发与保护规划,制定相应的管理措施,有效保护水源. 相似文献
11.
D. N. Gabov V. A. Beznosikov B. M. Kondratenok E. V. Yakovleva 《Geochemistry International》2010,48(6):569-579
An integrated study of qualitative and quantitative composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the atmospheric
precipitation-soil-lysimetric water system of aerotechnogenic polluted landscapes was conducted using high-performance liquid
chromatography in a gradient mode. Only low-molecular weight polyarenes (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene,
and chrysene) were found in the atmospheric precipitation and lysimetric waters. The growth of PAHs in soils is provided by
the input of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene with atmospheric precipitation. The absence of heavy PAHs (benzfluoranthenes,
benz(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benz(ghi) perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) in the atmospheric precipitation and
their identification in soil give grounds to state that their accumulation was caused mainly by transformation of organic
matter during pedogenesis. The technogenic impact was estimated and criterion of the degree of soil pollution by PAH was proposed. 相似文献
12.
Khadhar Samia Achouri Dhouha Chekirben Anis Mlayah Ammar Azibi Rim Charef Abdelkrim 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(2):34
Toxic organic compounds in wastewater are serious threats for both human and environment healthy states. This study investigates the potential sources of surface water, sediment and groundwater pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) as discharged by wastewater into the River of Oued El bey in northeastern Tunisia. Analysis indicates that the concentration of PAHs and PCBs are high in wastewater and vary from 0.37 to 0.83 mg/L and from 0.28 and 1.18 mg/L, respectively. The spatial distribution of PAHs and PCB in surface water showed a variation between 0.37 to 9.91 mg/L and between 0.1 to 0.47 mg/L, respectively. However, the quality of surface water is changed after wastewater evacuation at Oued Tahouna. The determination of PAH and PCB pollutants in groundwater shows a great interest in the development of water resources. The Concentration of these pollutants varying from 0.0204 to 1.93 mg/L and from 0.0052 to 0.196 mg/L, respectively. For PAH, analysis reveals also that naphtelene, fluorene, anthracene and chrysene are the most detected PAHs compounds in water and sediment samples while benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene are less present and in trace level. Higher concentrations of PAHs and PCBs are found in samples taken close to industrial areas of Bouargoub and Soliman, and wastewater discharge locations in Soliman. Analysis of the spatial distribution of PAHs and PCBs clearly link their higher concentration in water and sediments to wastewater and manufacturing discharges in the study area. In surface sediment, the organic pollutants are present. The cluster analysis for organic pollutants in different state and different matrix highlight a relationship between the wastewater evacuation and the water qualities which confirmed the direct response of the pollution sources on the surface water and groundwater organic pollution quality. 相似文献
13.
邯峰矿区岩溶含水层主要是寒武系、奥陶系厚层灰岩、石炭系薄层石灰岩,其中以奥陶系中统含水层富水性最为丰富,具有随埋藏深度增大而岩溶发育减弱的特性。根据岩溶水补、径、排条件,邯峰矿区岩溶水可分为黑龙洞、白龙洞、紫泉岩三个子系统,各子系统又根据岩溶发育程度、钻孔单位涌水量、水井单井出水量等富水性特征划分为四个区,研究了地下水动态特征,提出了保护岩溶地下水资源的建议。 相似文献
14.
A. K. Inengite N. C. Oforka C. Osuji Leo 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(3):519-532
Sources of the sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the United States Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants list were determined in sediments of Kolo Creek using diagnostic ratios of parent PAHs[phenanthrene/phenanthrene + anthracene; fluoranthene/fluoranthene + pyrene; benz(a) anthracene/benz(a) anthracene + chrysene and indeno(1,2,3-d)pyrene/indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene + benzo(ghi)pyrelene]. The study was conducted over four seasons (dry, late dry, rainy and late rainy seasons). Applying cross plots of the diagnostic ratios revealed that PAHs in Kolo Creek sediment have pyrogenic origins except in the rainy season that had petrogenic origins. Comparison of diagnostic ratio values obtained from this study with literature values enabled the further classification into types of pyrogenic and/or petrogenic sources. While the pyrogenic sources of PAHs were mainly as a result of Grass/Wood combustion, the petrogenic PAHs were as result of drained diesel and lubricating oil. The predicted sources corresponded with the prevailing human activities in the vicinity, especially samples collected near a petrol station and an abattoir. This study further affirms the simplicity and accuracy of the use of diagnostic ratios for PAHs source prediction. 相似文献
15.
Modified DRASTIC assessment for intrinsic vulnerability mapping of karst aquifers: a case study 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Groundwater in karstic aquifers can be dangerously sensitive to contamination. In this paper, DRASTIC assessment was modified
and applied, for the first time, to address the intrinsic vulnerability for karst aquifers. The theoretical weights of two
of DRASTIC’s parameters (aquifer media and hydraulic conductivity) were modified through sensitivity analysis. Two tests of
sensitivity analyses were carried out: the map removal and the single parameter sensitivity analyses. The modified assessment
was applied for the karst aquifers underlying Ramallah District (Palestine) as a case study. The aquifer vulnerability map
indicated that the case study area is under low, moderate and high vulnerability of groundwater to contamination. The vulnerability
index can assist in the implementation of groundwater management strategies to prevent degradation of groundwater quality.
The modified DRASTIC assessment has proven to be effective because it is relatively straightforward, use data that are commonly
available or estimated and produces an end product that is easily interpreted. 相似文献
16.
The quantification of submarine and intertidal groundwater discharge (SiGD) or purely submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from coastal karst aquifers presents a major challenge, as neither is directly measurable. In addition, the expected heterogeneity and intrinsic structure of such karst aquifers must be considered when quantifying SGD or SiGD. This study applies a set of methods for the coastal karst aquifer of Bell Harbour in western Ireland, using long-term onshore and offshore time series from a high-resolution monitoring network, to link catchment groundwater flow dynamics to groundwater discharge as SiGD. The SiGD is estimated using the “pollution flushing model”, i.e. a mass-balance approach, while catchment dynamics are quantified using borehole hydrograph analysis, single-borehole dilution tests, a water balance calculation, and cross-correlation analysis. The results of these analyses are then synthesised, describing a multi-level conduit-dominated coastal aquifer with a highly fluctuating overflow regime draining as SiGD, which is in part highly correlated with the overall piezometric level in the aquifer. This concept was simulated using a hydraulic pipe network model built in InfoWorks ICM [Integrated Catchment Modeling]® version 7.0 software (Innovyze). The model is capable of representing the overall highly variable discharge dynamics, predicting SiGD from the catchment to range from almost 0 to 4.3 m3/s. The study emphasises the need for long-term monitoring as the basis for any discharge studies of coastal karst aquifers. It further highlights the fact that multiple discharge locations may drain the aquifer, and therefore must be taken into consideration in the assessment of coastal karst aquifers. 相似文献
17.
Hydrogeological characteristics of some deep siphonal springs in Serbia and Montenegro karst 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Saša Milanovic 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):755-759
In terms of hydrogeological, engineering-geological, and hydrotechnical tapping in karst in relation to ground waters, karst
channels, springs and ponors, speleodiving is the only research method which enables direct observation, studying and exact
geological mapping of karst channels and caverns. Data collected during speleodiving research contribute considerably to the
analysis of karst evolution process in the given region, which is very important in evaluating the depth of karstification
and determining the main direction of the groundwater flow. In the past 30 years in Serbia and Montenegro, speleodivers have
investigated over 40 siphonal springs, active cave channels and ponors, of which more than 20 are proof of deep siphonal circulation
in karstic aquifers. The karstic springs are the most interesting phenomenon from a hydrogeological view point, and their
investigations need particular attention. Most of significant karstic springs are on the rims of erosion basins—perimeters
of karst poljes, river valleys, sea coasts and contact areas between karst aquifers and hydrogeological barriers. General
characteristics of the spring regime are the direct correlation between precipitation and spring discharge. Moreover, the
hydrogeological regime of these springs also depends on the size of the catchment area, karstic aquifer retardation capacity,
total porosity, as well as lithological and structural characteristics. 相似文献
18.
The Gavbast karstic aquifer located in southern Iran is in direct contact with an exposed salt diapir. To assess the influence of the diapir on the quality of groundwater in the karstic aquifer, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, flow rate, temperature and major ion concentrations were measured at 57 sampling sites, including springs, surface waters and wells. A conceptual model of groundwater flow is proposed for the Gavbast karstic aquifer based on the geological setting, water budget, local base of erosion, and hydrochemistry of the sampling sites. The model suggests two subbasins in the Gavbast Anticline draining into two distinct discharging alluvial sections. Unexpectedly, groundwater discharging from the carbonate Gavbast aquifer is saline or brackish and water is of chloride type. The study indicates that the source of salinity of the Gavbast aquifers is infiltration of surface diapir-derived brine into the aquifer. The contribution of the diapir brine in the Gavbast karst aquifer is calculated about 4 L/s, using chloride mass balance. Construction of salt basins to evaporate brine discharging from the diapir springs is proposed to reduce the salinity of karst water. A row of strategically placed wells in the Gavbast karst aquifer would potentially exploit large volumes of fresh groundwater before it is contaminated by the salt. Such low-cost remediation should allow the agricultural exploitation of 40 km2 of currently barren land. 相似文献
19.
The Cretaceous age Chalk of south east England forms an important aquifer. Within chalk the storage and transmission of groundwater is enhanced by subsurface karstic weathering. The case study presented in this paper demonstrates that current approaches to assessing groundwater vulnerability to pollution and delineating source protection zones are flawed, as they do not take proper account of the karstic nature of chalk.Improved techniques, based on understanding the geological and geomorphological controls of karst development in chalk, are proposed to overcome the shortcomings of published groundwater vulnerability maps. The results also demonstrate the inadequacies of current groundwater modelling approaches for defining source protection zones. The techniques follow European Commission research recommendations by taking account of recharge, presence of overlying cover deposits, the nature of chalk karst and the way in which it influences the flow of groundwater. The approach described allows for better informed decisions to be made about chalk aquifer management to ensure adequate protection and conservation of groundwater. For example, the published groundwater vulnerability map shows Lambeth Group deposits classified as being a minor aquifer of low groundwater vulnerability in the chosen study area. However, by applying the new techniques, they are classified as having an Aquifer Vulnerability Rating of moderate to very high, when taking the karstic development of the underlying chalk into account. 相似文献