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1.
石英显微构造阴极发光特征研究——以西藏甲玛岩体为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据石英在阴极射线下显示的生长结构差异,可以区分不同世代的石英斑晶,揭示岩浆演化过程。本次研究以西藏甲玛岩体中石英斑晶为例,采用光学显微镜阴极发光仪(OM-CL)和扫描电镜阴极发光仪(SEM-CL)。研究表明甲玛矿区中基性岩体有5个世代的石英斑晶。早期石英斑晶至少经历了两次岩浆混合作用:第一次基性岩浆的混入,石英斑晶核部形成了浑圆状重熔表面,然后石英经历了较稳定的生长阶段,形成均匀的生长环带;随着岩浆的快速上升侵位,岩浆储层中压力减小,导致第二次基性岩浆混入,形成富Ti的波状、港湾状重熔表面和石英钾长石外壳。 相似文献
2.
矿物环带结构是岩浆过程的良好记录,而矿物温压计可以定量计算岩浆的物理化学条件。该次研究对邯邢地区中生代侵入岩中两个浅成侵入体中典型的斜长石斑晶进行了电子探针和LA-ICP-MS元素面扫描,同时对其中不同成因的角闪石晶体进行了电子探针分析和物理化学条件计算。通过研究发现这两个样品中的斜长石斑晶属于循环晶。辉石闪长玢岩中的斜长石斑晶主要成分为更长石,而斑状石英二长岩中斜长石斑晶主要成分为中长石和拉长石。两者具有明显不同的环带结构,分别记录了不同的岩浆混合过程:前者记录了基性岩浆多次注入酸性岩浆房,并最终获得体积优势;后者记录了少量基性岩浆注入酸性岩浆房内,两者不断混合,形成均质化岩浆的过程。Fe元素从斜长石中心到边部有富集的趋势,表明岩浆最终向富铁的方向演化。角闪石温压计的计算结果表明,辉石闪长玢岩的岩浆房深度在5.5 km左右,温度大约为850 ℃,氧逸度大约为ΔNNO+1,熔体中的含水量大约为4.0%,其最终侵位于2.1 km的地壳深度。而斑状石英二长岩最终定位于2.0 km的地壳深度,角闪石结晶的平均温度为737 ℃,相对氧逸度为ΔNNO+1.2,熔体含水量为3.9%。 相似文献
3.
测定矿物元素分配系数的方法之一是斑晶-基质法。通过进一步的分析研究,发现该方法有悖于分配定律,虽说斑晶和基质在空间上有紧密的联系,但斑晶是岩浆早期阶段的产物,即在岩浆库内就已品出,而基质则是由晚期残余粒间熔浆经过冷凝形成的,残余熔浆经过了较长时间的演化(包括结晶分异、熔离和去气作用等),因此它与早期斑晶并不处在同一个平衡体系。在许多火山岩、次火山岩斑晶(石英、长石)甚至副矿物(锆石)中可以见到大量岩浆包裹体,它们代表斑晶结晶时捕获的早期初始岩浆。有时我们甚至可以在同一个石英斑晶中既见到岩浆包裹体又见到锆石晶体,因此我们有充足的理由认为,斑晶与其捕获的初始岩浆 相似文献
4.
岩浆化学混合作用长期通过岩石地球化学进行识别,一直缺乏直接的矿物学证据。针对这一问题,我们对浙江江山碗瑶乡上墅组内薄层状玄武粗安岩夹层中的单斜辉石矿物环带开展了系统的矿物学研究工作,探讨其岩石成因、构造背景和岩浆动力学过程,为江山地区新元古代岩浆构造演化过程提供新的证据。研究表明,单斜辉石以斑晶和基质两种形式产出,斑晶发育核-幔-边结构,其中幔部和边部包含有较多的钛铁矿、单斜辉石和斜长石等矿物包裹体,表明经历了复杂的岩浆活动过程。电子探针分析表明,基质和斑晶辉石都属于普通辉石,斑晶辉石从核部、幔部到边部成分呈现规律性变化,CaO和MgO含量增加、Al2O3和Na2O、K2O含量逐渐降低,但是基质辉石具有相对较低的Ti、Al和Na含量,且与斑晶边缘成分类似。单斜辉石原位微量元素组成表明,斑晶单斜辉石从核部到边部具有相似的特征,呈现Th、La、Nd和Ta等元素相对富集,Nb、K、Ti和Pb等元素相对亏损的特点。温压计算结果显示斑晶和基质的形成温度较低(1040.3～1122.3℃),斑晶核部结晶深度较深... 相似文献
5.
白银厂石英角斑岩的石英斑晶中见有大量原生岩浆包裹体和次生流体包裹体,多已结晶化,全结晶化者由石英(包裹体壁上)及正长石、钠长石、白云母(包裹体中)等子矿物和变形收缩泡组成。测温表明,岩浆包裹体的均一温度弱结晶化者为860-910℃,强结晶化者高于1000℃,这是由于包裹被捕获后的演化作用导致包裹体丧失部分挥发组分。均一化包裹体的化学成分用电子探针测定,与全岩成分相近,代表主矿物(石英)结晶时的岩浆成分。全岩化学成分的高K_2O含量与晚期钾交代作用有关。次生高盐度流体包裹体常以显微裂隙与脱玻化岩浆包裹体相连,可能代表了晚期岩浆阶段从正在结晶的硅酸盐熔浆中释放出来的矿化流体。故认为岩石中的石英斑晶是从一种富Na酸性岩浆在860-910℃及400-700巴(P_(H_2O))条件下结晶而成。 相似文献
6.
西藏曲水碰撞花岗岩的混合成因：来自成因矿物学证据 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
西藏曲水碰撞花岗岩地处冈底斯构造-岩浆带中部,呈东西向平行雅鲁藏布缝合带分布.该岩体以花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩为主,其次为石英二长闪长岩.岩体内普遍发育微粒镁铁质包体.对花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩及微粒镁铁质包体的成因矿物学研究结果显示：（1）斜长石发育环带且边缘和核部偏基性,幔部酸性;（2）斜长石斑晶边缘常含有角闪石、黑云母等暗色矿物包体;（3）钾长石X射线结构分析显示自核部向边缘温度呈现逐渐升高的特点;（4）长石矿物中普遍含有较高的Cr、Ni、Co元素,明显不同于壳熔花岗岩;（5）角闪石、黑云母矿物MgO含量高于典型壳熔花岗岩;（6）包体中发育针状磷灰石和角闪石,显示为岩浆淬冷的结果.上述特征不可能用正常岩浆分异作用来解释,而更可能是壳-幔岩浆混合作用的结果.采用矿物温压计所得到的结果也符合混合后的岩浆演化特征. 相似文献
7.
《地学前缘》2016,(3):221-229
本文主要针对安徽铜陵焦冲金矿区的闪长玢岩进行了详细的岩相学观察和矿物电子探针分析。岩相学观察表明,岩石内发育独特的石英斑晶、斜长石斑晶及其中的角闪石包裹体和角闪石斑晶。石英斑晶呈港湾状或次圆形,由溶蚀的次圆形内核和生长边构成,在内核与边部之间有熔融包裹体产出;斜长石斑晶具明显的"核-幔-边"环带结构,幔部发育明显的溶蚀界面,溶蚀界面处大量熔融包裹体呈环带分布;角闪石包裹体分别包裹于斜长石斑晶的核部和幔部,后者的边部被溶蚀呈次圆形;角闪石斑晶呈长条形,包裹有细针状的磷灰石。电子探针分析结果表明,斜长石中An含量自核部至边缘呈降低趋势,幔部出现多个An峰值;而来自斜长石斑晶核部、幔部和基质中的角闪石Al2O3含量从核部至基质也逐渐下降。采用角闪石-斜长石温压计和角闪石全铝压力计,分别对斜长石斑晶核部及包裹的角闪石、斜长石斑晶幔部及包裹的角闪石和基质中共生的角闪石-斜长石微晶的结晶温度和压力进行估计,结果表明,温度为806.84~808.75、791.00~797.86和660.3~683.9℃,压力为675~706、463~487和206~212 MPa,对应的形成深度为25.52~26.70、17.50~18.40和7.79~8.02km。角闪石斑晶的结晶压力和深度为448~483MPa和16.93~18.25km,与包裹于斜长石幔部的角闪石包裹体一致。根据以上岩相学和角闪石-斜长石矿物化学分析结果,本文提出一个多重岩浆房模型:来自深部幔源的流体(透岩浆流体)将不同层位的岩浆房串联活化,活化后的中基性岩浆和花岗闪长质岩浆混合形成中性岩浆,最后中性富流体的岩浆快速上侵冷却就位于地表,同时释放大量的挥发分(含矿物质),后期的减压排气作用可能是主要的成矿机制。 相似文献
8.
江西广丰早白垩世碱性橄榄玄武岩中单斜辉石矿物化学及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
江西广丰早白垩世晚期碱性橄榄玄武岩中含有大、小两类单斜辉石斑晶,它们的主量元素间呈线性相关,且与大斑晶、小斑晶相平衡的岩浆Mg#值均类似于寄主岩石的Mg#值,说明它们与寄主岩石同源。早期的单斜辉石大斑晶粒径达1～1.5cm,SiO2,MgO,TFeO,CaO含量和Mg#值相对较低,Al2O3和TiO2含量相对较高,具有碱性玄武岩中单斜斑晶的矿物学特征;而晚期的单斜辉石小斑晶粒径为0.3～0.5cm,SiO2,MgO,TFeO,CaO含量和Mg#值相对较高,Al2O3和TiO2含量相对较低,也具有碱性玄武岩中斑晶的矿物学特征。单斜辉石大斑晶Wo（硅灰石）相对较高,En（顽辉石）含量相对较低,主要为含钛透辉石、含钛次透辉石,结晶温度为1272～1349℃、压力为1.23～1.93GPa,深度相当于41～64km,可能是原始岩浆绝热底辟上升结晶形成的;单斜辉石小斑晶Wo含量相对较低,En含量相对较高,主要为含钛普通辉石和顽透辉石,结晶温度为1186～1220℃、压力为0.44～0.75GPa,深度相当于15～25km,可能是相对原始的岩浆上升到浅部发生结晶分异作用形成的。 相似文献
9.
中亚萨亚克矿田成矿岩体矿物学和地球化学:岩浆性质与成矿意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
萨亚克大型铜矿田位于哈萨克斯坦北巴尔喀什斑岩成矿带中部,以矽卡岩型矿床为主。通过对矿区石英闪长岩的矿物化学和地球化学研究,发现石英闪长岩呈斑状结构,斑晶为斜长石和角闪石,其中的斜长石斑晶主要为中长石,角闪石斑晶为镁质普通角闪石;岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列,富集Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta和重稀土元素,高Sr/Y、La/Yb比值,与埃达克岩相似。地球化学特征指示萨亚克矿区侵入岩形成于岛弧环境,为矽卡岩-斑岩型成矿提供了有利的构造背景,岩石可能是岛弧玄武质岩浆在高压下经结晶分异而成。根据角闪石温压计及其成分与氧逸度和岩浆中水含量之间的关系,确定萨亚克石英闪长玢岩中角闪石斑晶结晶时岩浆的温度为799~843℃、处于3.6~9.6km深度范围内(P=1.2~3.2kbar)、氧逸度logfO2=-11.5~-12.0(ΔFMQ=2.0~2.8)、平均水含量为1.2%,相对较高的氧逸度和水含量有利于形成富含挥发分和Cu、Au等成矿物质的岩浆,是最终演化形成大型岩浆-热液型铜矿田(斑岩型、矽卡岩型)的有利条件。 相似文献
10.
滇西莴中新生代高镁富钾火山岩中橄榄石斑晶及其尖晶石包裹体的岩浆成因动力学意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
滇西莴中新生代高镁富钾火山岩富含橄榄石斑晶，其核部Fo含量变化较大（94～75％），由大斑晶（〉1mm）、中等粒径斑晶（0．3～1mm）至小斑晶（〈0．3mm），Fo含量总体变小；橄榄石斑晶CaO含量大于0．1wt％，随着Fo含量的降低，MnO含量升高，而NiO含量降低，并具有明显的岩浆结晶分异趋势，均为岩浆成因，但来源复杂；大斑晶和中等粒径斑晶的核部Fo含量明显与全岩MgO不平衡，均属于捕虏晶来源。橄榄石斑晶中的尖晶石包裹体高Cr#（0．77～0．94）、低Mg#（0．17～0．65），具有较低的Al2O3含量（〈10wt％）；尖晶石包裹体的TiO2含量总体上较低（〈1．0wt％），暗示了绝大部分橄榄石属于岛弧型岩浆成因，来源于富集交代的方辉橄榄岩部分熔融岩浆；少量高TiO2尖晶石包裹体（1．36～3．96wt％）的存在则暗示了部分橄榄石斑晶的形成可能与峨眉山大火成岩省有关。大斑晶和中等粒径斑晶橄榄石均具明显的成分梯度变化，由核部、幔部至边部。其Fo、NiO含量降低而MnO、CaO含量增大，并且边部成分特征与小斑晶橄榄石相类似，其源区至少存在两次岩浆作用过程，核部成分变化反映的是早期高Mg#岩浆中的橄榄石结晶分离作用过程，而边部以及小斑晶橄榄石的成分变化则反映了后期喷发岩浆（Mg#略低）体系中橄榄石的结晶分离作用过程。 相似文献
11.
Quartz and feldspar zoning in the eastern Erzgebirge volcano-plutonic complex (Germany, Czech Republic): evidence of multiple magma mixing 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zoned quartz and feldspar phenocrysts of the Upper Carboniferous eastern Erzgebirge volcano-plutonic complex were studied by cathodoluminescence and minor and trace element profiling. The results verify the suitability of quartz and feldspar phenocrysts as recorders of differentiation trends, magma mixing and recharge events, and suggest that much heterogeneity in plutonic systems may be overlooked on a whole-rock scale. Multiple resorption surfaces and zones, element concentration steps in zoned quartz (Ti) and feldspar phenocrysts (anorthite content, Ba, Sr), and plagioclase-mantled K-feldspars etc. indicate mixing of silicic magma with a more mafic magma for several magmatic phases of the eastern Erzgebirge volcano-plutonic complex. Generally, feldspar appears to be sensitive to the physicochemical changes of the melt, whereas quartz phenocrysts are more stable and can survive a longer period of evolution and final effusion of silicic magmas. The regional distribution of mixing-compatible textures suggests that magma mingling and mixing was a major process in the evolution of these late-Variscan granites and associated volcanic rocks.
Quartz phenocrysts from 14 magmatic phases of the eastern Erzgebirge volcano-plutonic complex provide information on the relative timing of different mixing processes, storage and recharge, allowing a model for the distribution of magma reservoirs in space and time. At least two levels of magma storage are envisioned: deep reservoirs between 24 and 17 km (the crystallisation level of quartz phenocrysts) and subvolcanic reservoirs between 13 and 6 km. Deflation of the shallow reservoirs during the extrusion of the Teplice rhyolites triggered the formation of the Altenberg-Teplice caldera above the eastern Erzgebirge volcano-plutonic complex. The deep magma reservoir of the Teplice rhyolite also has a genetic relationship to the younger mineralised A-type granites, as indicated by quartz phenocryst populations. The pre-caldera biotite granites and the rhyodacitic Schönfeld volcanic rocks represent temporally and spatially separate magma sources. However, the deep magma reservoir of both is assumed to have been at a depth of 24–17 km. The drastic chemical contrast between the pre-caldera Schönfeld (Westfalian B–C) and the syn-caldera Teplice (Westfalian C–D) volcanic rocks is related to the change from late-orogenic geotectonic environment to post-orogenic faulting, and is considered an important chronostratigraphic marker. 相似文献
12.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(2):125730
The Ghansura Rhyolite Dome of the Bathani volcano-sedimentary sequence in eastern India originated from a subvolcanic felsic magma chamber that was intruded by volatile-rich basaltic magma during its evolution leading to the formation of a porphyritic andesite. The porphyritic andesite consists of rapakivi feldspars, which are characterized by phenocrysts of alkali feldspar mantled by plagioclase rims. Results presented in this work suggest that intimate mixing of the mafic and felsic magmas produced a homogeneous hybrid magma of intermediate composition. The mixing of the hot volatile-rich mafic magma with the relatively colder felsic magma halted undercooling in the subvolcanic felsic system and produced a hybrid magma rich in volatiles. Under such conditions, selective crystals in the hybrid magma underwent textural coarsening or Ostwald ripening. Rapid crystallization of anhydrous phases, like feldspars, increased the melt water content in the hybrid magma. Eventually, volatile saturation in the hybrid magma was reached that led to the sudden release of volatiles. The sudden release of volatiles or devolatilization event led to resorption of alkali feldspar phenocrysts and stabilizing plagioclase, some of which precipitated around the resorbed phenocrysts to produce rapakivi feldspars. 相似文献
13.
新疆西准噶尔夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合的岩相学证据 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
夏尔莆岩体由寄主岩石、微粒镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群组成,具丰富、典型的岩浆混合岩相学特征.野外露头,寄主岩石中暗色矿物分布不均并发育暗色矿物集合体、微小的镁铁质包体和不均匀混合条带;包体具有明显的塑性变形,与寄主岩石或界线截然或渐变过渡,常发育反向脉和寄主岩石中的长石巨晶(捕虏晶);中基性岩墙群与微粒镁铁质包体紧密共生并延伸方向基本一致,发育寄主岩石中的长石捕虏晶,被寄主岩的反向脉横切.在镜下,包体与寄主岩混合带中均发育斜长石异常环带和多种不平衡矿物共生现象,包体中发育针状磷灰石.这些特征表明镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群来源于与寄主岩石同一岩浆事件的基性岩浆,并与其发生了强烈的岩浆混合作用.岩相学特征为夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合成因提供了重要佐证. 相似文献
14.
Textural and compositional evidence for magma mixing and its mechanism,Abu volcano group,southwestern Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Takehiro Koyaguchi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,93(1):33-45
Quaternary basalts, andesites and dacites from the Abu monogenetic volcano group, SW Japan, (composed of more than 40 monogenetic volcanoes) show two distinct chemical trends especially on the FeO*/MgO vs SiO2 diagram. One trend is characterized by FeO*/MgO-enrichment with a slight increase in SiO2 content (Fe-type trend), whereas the other shows a marked SiO2-enrichment with relatively constant FeO*/MgO ratios (Si-type trend). The Fe-type trend is explained by fractional crystallization with subtraction of olivine and augite from a primitive alkali basalt magma. Rocks of the Si-type trend are characterized by partially melted or resorbed quartz and sodic plagioclase phenocrysts and/or fine-grained basaltic inclusions. They are most likely products of mixing of a primitive alkali basalt magma containing olivine phenocrysts with a dacite magma containing quartz, sodic plagioclase and hornblende phenocrysts. Petrographic variation as well as chemical variation from basalt to dacite of the Si-type trend is accounted for by various mixing ratios of basalt and dacite magmas. Pargasitic hornblende and clinopyroxene phenocrysts in andesite and dacite may have crystallized from basaltic magma during magma mixing. Olivine and spinel, and quartz, sodic plagioclase and common hornblende had crystallized in basaltic and dacitic magmas, respectively, before the mixing. Within a lava flow, the abundance of basaltic inclusions decreases from the area near the eruptive vent towards the perimeter of the flow, and the number of resorbed phenocrysts varies inversely, suggesting zonation in the magma chamber.The mode of mixing changes depending on the mixing ratio. In the mafic mixture, basalt and dacite magmas can mix in the liquid state (liquid-liquid mixing). In the silicic mixture, on the other hand, the basalt magma was quenched and formed inclusions (liquid-solid mixing). During mixing, the disaggregated basalt magma and the host dacite magma soon reached thermal equilibrium. Compositional homogenization of the mixed magma can occur only when the equilibrium temperature is sufficiently above the solidus of the basalt magma. The Si-type trend is chemically and petrographically similar to the calc-alkalic trend. Therefore, a calc-alkalic trend which is distinguished from a fractional crystallization trend (e.g. Fe-type trend) may be a product of magma mixing. 相似文献
15.
Petrographic, trace element and isotopic evidence demonstrates that magma mixing preceded the eruption of the Garner Mountain andesite. The flow contains reversely zoned plagioclase phenocrysts and amphibole pseudomorphs composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and opaque oxides. Partially resorbed quartz grains are also present. In contrast to the isotopically uniform matrix, plagioclase phenocrysts have 87Sr/86Sr ratios that correlate negatively with matrix Sr and positively with matrix Rb abundances. These observations demonstrate increasing isotopic disequilibrium between the plagioclase and matrix in the more evolved varieties of the flow.Plagioclase phenocrysts and matrix are assumed to record fractionation-assimilation events in different parts of the magma chamber. Early formed plagioclase phenocrysts crystallized under AFC conditions close to the roof of the chamber and were subsequently entrained in a liquid mixture composed of evolved interstitial liquid held in the partly crystallized roof zone and newly injected parental magma. 相似文献
16.
Ollo de Sapo Cambro‐Ordovician volcanics from the Central Iberian basement—A multiphase evolution 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Cambro‐Ordovician rhyodacitic to dacitic volcanics from the Central Iberian basement, currently known as Ollo de Sapo (toads eye), have been reported as a specific group of felsic porphyritic rocks with blue quartz and large phenocrysts of K‐feldspar, in a partly vitreous or fine‐grained matrix. Interpreted to form Cambro‐Ordovician volcanic domes, they are accompanied by tuffs, ignimbrites and products of reworking in a near‐surface environment. The coarse‐ to fine‐grained rocks exhibit rather large K‐feldspar phenocrysts, plagioclase and rounded blue quartz, representing former corroded phenocrysts. Their colouration indicates unmixing of TiO2 at around 900°C during cooling from relatively high crystallisation temperatures, indicating their origin at hot lower crustal conditions. We propose at least a two‐step evolution (1) starting around 495 Ma in the lower crust of a collapsing cordillera, generating a phenocryst‐rich mush and adiabatic melting of the lower crustal protolith to produce the spectacular Ollo de Sapo porphyrites, before (2) magma ascent and crustal extension leading to a different thermal regime around 483 Ma. 相似文献
17.
浙东晚白垩世酸性岩浆的自混合作用及其意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
岩浆混合作用是造成火成岩多样性的主要原因之一,也是诱发火山喷发的重要机制。以往的研究多集中于基性和酸性岩浆之间的混合作用,但近年来酸性岩浆之间的混合作用受到越来越多的关注和研究。本文报道了浙东小雄破火山一个次级火山口内粗面质和流纹质两种酸性岩浆之间的混合现象。野外调查及岩相学研究显示,粗面质岩浆多呈大小不一的条带状以及透镜体状分布于流纹质岩浆内,局部发生扩散,粗面岩中斑晶大多为粗大的正长石斑晶,强烈熔蚀且聚斑结构普遍;在副矿物聚晶(由钛磁铁矿+磷灰石+锆石组成)的周围常可见反应边结构。流纹岩的斑晶主要由正长石、透长石及石英组成,晶体粒径较小,且熔蚀现象不发育。全岩主、微量元素特征及其他地质证据均显示,两种酸性岩浆之间以机械混合为主,其地球化学成分变化趋势主要受结晶分异过程控制。粗面质及流纹质岩浆在矿物组成、结构等方面的差异表明两者来源于同一层状岩浆房内的不同部位,其中粗面质岩浆应代表岩浆房底部及边部富晶体、贫熔体的粥状层部分(正长石+磁钛铁矿+锆石+磷灰石);而分异程度较高的流纹质岩浆则聚集于岩浆房上部形成富熔体、贫晶体的部分。两种酸性岩浆的混合现象是它们在地壳浅部层状岩浆房内自混合的结果,这一过程可能受岩浆房底部基性岩浆的聚集作用所控制,当更热、更基性的岩浆聚集时,岩浆房下部晶粥区内的粗面质岩浆迅速升温、活化,从而向上运移并与上部富熔体贫晶体的流纹质岩浆发生自混合作用。这一发现为我们理解中国东南沿海地区晚中生代大规模酸性火山喷发及岩浆演化机制、岩浆房结构提供了重要的参考,同时也为认识地壳浅部岩浆房内岩浆之间的自混合作用提供了可靠的例证。 相似文献
18.
The Sn-rich Qiguling topaz rhyolite dike intrudes the Qitianling biotite granite of the Nanling Range in southern China; the granite hosts the large Furong Sn deposit. The rhyolite dike is typically peraluminous, volatile-enriched, and highly evolved. Whole-rock F and Sn concentrations attain 1.9 wt.% and 2700 ppm, respectively. The rhyolite consists of a fine-grained matrix formed by quartz, feldspar, mica and topaz, enclosing phenocrysts of quartz, feldspar and mica; it is locally crosscut by quartz veinlets. Lithium-bearing micas in both phenocrysts and the groundmass can be classified as primary zinnwaldite, “Mus-Ann” (intermediate member between annite and muscovite), and secondary Fe-rich muscovite. Topaz is present in the groundmass only; common fluorite occurs in the groundmass and also in a specific cassiterite, rutile and fluorite (Sn–Ti–F) assemblage. Cassiterite and rutile are the only Sn and Ti minerals; both cassiterite and Nb-rich rutile are commonly included in the phenocrysts. The Sn–Ti–F assemblage is pervasive, and contains spongy cassiterite in some cases; cassiterite also occurs in quartz veinlets which cut the groundmass. Electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS compositions were used to study the magmatic and hydrothermal processes and the role of F in Sn mineralization. The presence of zinnwaldite and “Mus-Ann”, which are respectively representative of early and late mica crystallization during magma differentiation, also suggests a significant decrease in f(HF)/f(H2O) of the system. Cassiterite included in the zinnwaldite phenocrysts is suggested to have crystallized from the primary magma at high temperature. Within the Sn–Ti–F aggregates, rutile crystallized as the earliest mineral, followed by fluorite and cassiterite. Spongy cassiterite containing inclusions of the groundmass minerals indicate a low viscosity of the late fluid. The cassiterite in the quartz veinlets crystallized from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, which possibly mixed with meteoric water. In general, cassiterite precipitated during both magmatic and hydrothermal stages, and over a range of temperatures. The original fluorine and tin enrichments, f(HF)/f(H2O) change in the residual magma, formation of Ca,Sn,F-rich immiscible fluid, decrease of the f(HF) during groundmass crystallization, and mixing of magma-derived fluids with low-saline meteoric water during the late hydrothermal stage, are all factors independently or together responsible for the Sn mineralization in the Qiguling rhyolite. 相似文献