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1.
首都周边的燕山—太行山区是我国著名的矿集区,矿业活动是该区最主要的人类工程活动和生产活动,遗留下严重的矿山地质环境问题,不仅造成京津冀生态涵养区内地质灾害频发,生态环境严重破坏和污染,生态涵养功能退化,同时也是下游京津冀主体功能区大气污染、水土污染的主要污染来源之一,是影响京津冀生态涵养区生态环境的重要隐患。本文在充分研究京津冀主要矿山地质环境问题的基础上,提出矿山地质环境治理思路:开展矿山地质环境精细化调查,编制首都周边地区矿山地质环境保护专项规划,实施首都周边地区矿山地质环境治理专项工程,拓展完善矿山地质环境监测预警系统,建设京津冀地质环境综合信息服务系统平台。  相似文献   

2.
京津冀地区是我国社会经济发展的重要引擎,及时评估该区域的资源和环境限制性要素,对评价区域可持续性、促进该区可持续发展具有重要意义。鉴于目前对资源和环境限制性要素进行综合评价和分析的研究工作还比较缺乏,基于景观可持续科学概念框架,评估京津冀地区的资源和环境限制性要素。选择了地形、地质环境、水资源、土地资源和大气环境5种限制性要素,利用单要素评价法和多要素综合评价法,对京津冀地区资源和环境限制性要素以及区域本底特征进行了综合评价。在此基础上,划分出生物多样性优先保护区、地质灾害易发区、水资源严重短缺区、大气严重污染区和耕地优先保护区。结果表明,京津冀地区北部地形限制性较高,中部地质环境限制性和水资源限制性较高,而南部以土地资源限制性和大气环境限制性为主。同时,水资源是该地区人口增长和经济发展过程中所要面临的主要限制因素。2010年,在水资源严重短缺区中,人口总量为3 959.27万,城镇人口比例为76.90%,国内生产总值为24 555.66亿元,均高于其他区域。在当前推进京津冀地区协同发展的过程中,应从强可持续性角度出发,充分考虑资源和环境限制性要素,因地制宜地开展土地利用优化工作,保持土地利用方式和管理体制的多样性,促进区域可持续发展。  相似文献   

3.
地下水污染指示性因子指标体系构建   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
地下水是京津冀地区重要饮用水源,由于地下水资源不合理的开发利用和污染物排放,京津冀地区地下水受到不同程度的污染,严重威胁当地居民饮水安全,地下水污染预警和防治成为重点关注的环境问题之一。本文从预警和污物防控的角度,厘定了地下水污染指示性因子概念和内涵,提出了区域尺度地下水污染指示性因子指标体系的构建原则、方法和指标体系,从指示地下水地球化学环境、水质演化、地下水污染类型、污染源等4个方面选取了30个典型指标构建了地下水污染指示性因子指标体系,对关键评价指标的意义进行了具体分析。  相似文献   

4.
紧密结合国家非常规能源勘探开发的重大战略,聚焦重庆涪陵页岩气勘查开发区环境地质调查工作,总结了研究区岩溶发育特征与分布规律,评价了涪陵页岩气开发区区域水资源量和地下水质量。在此基础上,收集分析国内外资料,梳理了页岩气勘查开发所引发的6类环境(地质)问题及勘查、钻井、压裂、开采、闭井等5个阶段需关注的地质环境问题或风险等,其中涪陵页岩气勘查开发区主要诱发水土污染、地质灾害和大气污染等环境(地质)问题; 基本识别了2种地下水污染模式、3种污染类型及可能的地下水污染风险途径; 初步确定了涪陵页岩气勘查开发区污染指示性特征因子,并形成了页岩气勘查开发区地质环境影响评价指标体系,可指导页岩气勘查开发的环境地质调查。该研究为页岩气国家新型清洁能源的绿色开发和开发区生态文明建设提供支撑。  相似文献   

5.
紧密结合国家非常规能源勘探开发的重大战略,聚焦重庆涪陵页岩气勘查开发区环境地质调查工作,总结了研究区岩溶发育特征与分布规律,评价了涪陵页岩气开发区区域水资源量和地下水质量。在此基础上,收集分析国内外资料,梳理了页岩气勘查开发所引发的6类环境(地质)问题及勘查、钻井、压裂、开采、闭井等5个阶段需关注的地质环境问题或风险等,其中涪陵页岩气勘查开发区主要诱发水土污染、地质灾害和大气污染等环境(地质)问题; 基本识别了2种地下水污染模式、3种污染类型及可能的地下水污染风险途径; 初步确定了涪陵页岩气勘查开发区污染指示性特征因子,并形成了页岩气勘查开发区地质环境影响评价指标体系,可指导页岩气勘查开发的环境地质调查。该研究为页岩气国家新型清洁能源的绿色开发和开发区生态文明建设提供支撑。  相似文献   

6.
紧密结合国家非常规能源勘探开发的重大战略,聚焦重庆涪陵页岩气勘查开发区环境地质调查工作,总结了研究区岩溶发育特征与分布规律,评价了涪陵页岩气开发区区域水资源量和地下水质量。在此基础上,收集分析国内外资料,梳理了页岩气勘查开发所引发的6类环境(地质)问题及勘查、钻井、压裂、开采、闭井等5个阶段需关注的地质环境问题或风险等,其中涪陵页岩气勘查开发区主要诱发水土污染、地质灾害和大气污染等环境(地质)问题;基本识别了2种地下水污染模式、3种污染类型及可能的地下水污染风险途径;初步确定了涪陵页岩气勘查开发区污染指示性特征因子,并形成了页岩气勘查开发区地质环境影响评价指标体系,可指导页岩气勘查开发的环境地质调查。该研究为页岩气国家新型清洁能源的绿色开发和开发区生态文明建设提供支撑。  相似文献   

7.
《城市地质》2015,(1):38-38
<正>本刊讯(段金平)"京津冀地质生态环境协同发展高层论坛"日前在石家庄召开,会上多位地热界专家建议,以地热能供暖取代燃煤供暖将极大减轻大气污染,京津冀三地应联手开发丰富的地热资源,在新兴城镇中建立起"绿色热网"。国务院参事、中国工程勘察大师王秉忱在发表主旨演讲时指出,随着经济建设的发展与城市化进程的加快,中国北方燃煤城市污染日益加剧,雾霾问题成为制约国民经济发展与人类生存的重要因素,京津冀地区首当其冲。"中央出台京津冀一体化发展战略为这个地区促进解决雾霾问题创造了良好条件。"王秉忱说,京津冀地区已制  相似文献   

8.
山谷、盆地酸雨形成的特点及分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过多年来对酸雨监测资料的研究,根据酸雨的发展情况,分析了山谷、盆地的酸雨形成特点,提出了山谷和盆地酸雨形成的新观点,认为其酸雨的形成主要是来自当地自身环境所产生的大气污染,其次才是外界的污染因素,中和离子也是酸雨污染加重的原因之一。  相似文献   

9.
基于2017年1月4日至7日成都市一次重霾污染过程的系留汽艇探测的低层大气气象要素和大气颗粒物垂直探空加密观测资料,分析了大气边界层结构及气溶胶垂直分布。结果表明,此次重霾污染期间,大气边界层昼夜变化特征基本消失。稳定边界层结构出现25次,对流边界层结构仅出现3次,大气边界层结构趋于稳定,边界层高度普遍在700 m以下。霾污染发生、维持及消散阶段大气边界层气溶胶垂直结构具有明显差异。霾污染发生阶段,大气边界层气溶胶粗、细粒子主要集中在300m高度以下,近地面层大气气溶胶粒子累积触发霾污染事件;霾维持阶段,大气颗粒物粒子浓度数垂直方向趋于一致,大气边界层稳定结构中存在强的大气垂直混合作用;在霾消散阶段,较高处的气溶胶粒子浓度最先下降,且下降幅度最大,表明对流层自由大气作用对霾污染消散具有影响。大气边界层风速的增大加剧了大气传输扩散。温度与大气颗粒物浓度在近地层呈负相关关系,在100m高度以上呈正相关关系。大气边界层低层偏冷,高层偏暖的稳定大气热力层结减弱了大气污染物的垂直扩散。相对湿度的增加有利于气溶胶粒子的吸湿增长和液相化学反应,加剧了霾污染。  相似文献   

10.
雾霾天气已越来越受到关注。通过对北京地区PM2.5状况的空间分析,论证了北京市大气颗粒物污染源为本地源,而不是异地搬运的污染源,即主要来自北京周边无除尘设备的散户燃煤排放及市内生活排放,雾霾的主要成分是有机化合物充分说明这一点;而氮氧化物、二氧化硫排放很少,处于优质水平,说明雾霾与汽车尾气、工业污染关系不大。由此推测,我国北方冬季频发的大面积雾霾,与冬季散户取暖有较大关系。文中还从气象学角度论证了北京冬季霾的形成机理与温室气体水蒸气有较大关系。当昼夜温差较大且白天湿度较大时,凌晨雾的产生及上午大气逆温盖子的形成阻挡了污染的垂向对流扩散,是雾霾形成的决定因素。论文最后对雾霾的控制和治理提出了加强煤改气环保措施、重视生活污染治理的建议。  相似文献   

11.
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an important engine for China’s socioeconomic development. Timely and effectively assessing constraint factors of resources and environment is of great significance for the sustainability assessment and the sustainable development of this region. However, comprehensive assessment research considering key resource and environmental constraints are still lacking. In this study, therefore, the limiting factors of resources and the environment in the BTH region were assessed based on the framework of landscape sustainability science. First, we chose five limiting factors, including topographic condition, geological environment, water resource, land resource, and atmospheric environment, to assess the constraints of resources and the environment using the single-factor evaluation method and the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the results, we divided the whole region into five subregions, i.e., the ecological conservation subregion, the geological disaster subregion, the water resource scarcity subregion, the atmospheric pollution subregion, and the cropland protection subregion. The results revealed that the northern BTH region was highly constrained by topographic conditions, the central BTH region was strongly constrained by geological environment and water resources, whereas the southern BTH region was constrained mainly by land resources and atmospheric environment. In addition, water resource was the main limiting factor for regional population growth and economic development. In 2010, the water resource scarcity subregion had a total population of 39.59 million, an urban population of 76.90%, and a gross domestic product of 2 455.57 billion yuan. We argue that the sustainable development of the BTH region should explicitly consider the resource and environmental limiting factors, implement land use optimization according to local conditions, maintain multiple land use types and diverse management strategies, based on the perspective of “strong sustainability”, so as to promote the regional sustainable development.  相似文献   

12.
京津冀城市群在快速城市化进程中,“高耗能、高污染、高排放”的粗放型经济发展模式带来了一系列大气污染问题,亟需协调经济发展与大气环境质量之间的关系。本文基于2004-2017年北京市、天津市、石家庄市的大气环境质量与城市化各指标数据,运用熵值法多维度研究了城市化进程中大气环境质量的演化规律。选取城市空气主要污染物SO2、NO2、PM10的年均浓度、好于Ⅱ级天天数4个指标反映城市大气环境质量水平,选取地区生产总值、人均GDP、三产比重、建成区面积等10个指标反映城市化发展水平,分别进行综合指数模型构建和回归拟合。分析表明,城市化对大气环境质量的影响是各因素共同作用的结果,京津冀三市的城市化综合指数与大气环境污染综合指数分别呈“倒U型”、“正U型”和“倒N型”。将10个城市化指标分别归类为结构效应、规模效应以及活动效应,进一步分析了各类效应对大气环境污染指数的影响。对于北京市,三类效应各因变量对大气环境均产生负向影响;对于天津市,结构效应、规模效应中的建成区面积和活动效应中的人均GDP、生产总值、居民消费水平和社会消费品零售总额与大气环境质量呈现负相关关系;对于石家庄市,由于分析数据的时间序列有限,三种效应的各因变量对大气环境质量的影响不明确。本文研究结果可为京津冀地区的城市生态文明建设提供基础数据支撑。  相似文献   

13.
1990年以来天山乌鲁木齐河上游水资源研究进展   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
乌鲁木齐河是我国西北地区典型的降水、冰川和地下水综合补给的内陆河,对其水资源的研究不仅是西北寒区旱区水环境和水资源研究的热点,而且对区域生态环境改善和经济可持续发展具有重要意义。乌鲁木齐河水文水资源的研究内容十分广泛,并取得了很多高水平的学术成果。从高山区气候变化与冰冻圈的相互影响,山区降水变化与径流的相互影响,出山口径流对气候变化的响应以及洪灾、致灾因子分析,流域内同位素、树轮气候和水环境研究等四个方面总结了相关研究。结果表明:(1)乌鲁木齐河上游气候趋于暖湿。气温的升高很大程度上受冬季气温大幅度升高影响,气温对高山区冰川积雪的影响要大于降水;冬季负积温也加快了冻土的消融;气温和降水的变化导致乌鲁木齐河上游河段冰川后退加速,积雪融化、雪线上升,冻土活动层增厚。(2)乌鲁木齐河流域降水量和降水变化速率具有明显的垂直特征,在中高山地区降水量和降水变率较大;山区降水还具有年代际特征,20世纪90年代以来,山区降水量呈现增加趋势并促进了山区径流量的增加。(3)降水量和冰川融雪量的增加,很大程度上加大了乌鲁木齐河流域山区的径流量,使得出山口区域洪水灾害的发生频率增加。(4)同位素分析的运用对探索径流形成和转化的机理具有重要意义。树轮研究为乌鲁木齐河流域气候变化序列的重建提供了技术手段。今后,乌鲁木齐河水资源承载力、水循环过程和水污染问题,是区域实现生态环境建设和可持续发展的重要研究内容。  相似文献   

14.
Research Progress on the Impact of Urbanization on Climate Change   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The world has been undergoing a remarkable process of urbanization, especially in developing countries in recent years. The urbanization process has brought about great urban development and large population agglomeration, changes in production and lifestyle, and man-made disturbances such as greenhouse gas and pollution emissions. As the global urbanization process continues to advance, its impact on climate change continues to strengthen significantly. This paper mainly reviewed and summarized relevant researches from two aspects: the influence of urbanization on climate change and the mechanism of influence of urbanization on climate change. Urbanization causes regional warming and urban heat island effect, extreme events such as high temperature, heat wave and heavy rainfall increase in frequency, and also leads to increased urban flood risk. The increase of pollutant emission in the process of urbanization is the main cause of air quality deterioration. Urbanization also has an indirect impact on air quality by changing urban climate. Urbanization has an important impact on climatic factors such as relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine and cloud cover. The impacts of urbanization on climate change are mainly realized through underlying surface changes, greenhouse gas and pollution emissions, anthropogenic heat emissions and urban high heat capacity. Urbanization not only directly affects the regional/local climate, but also indirectly affects the regional/local climate by promoting global climate change. Therefore, the impact of urbanization on climate change has a global and regional multi-scale superposition effect.  相似文献   

15.
南方岩溶地区1∶5万水文地质环境地质调查技术要点分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
通过总结南方岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范6个方面成果,得出南方岩溶地区水文地质环境地质条件具有10个特性:岩溶发育受层组结构类型、地质构造格局和水动力条件等因素控制的综合性,岩溶地下水分布的非均一性,岩溶含水介质由孔、隙、缝、管、洞构成的多重性,岩溶地下水流运动的多相性,岩溶地下水动态变化的剧变性,岩溶水资源时间分布的季节性,干旱与洪涝的交替性,岩溶地下水污染的隐蔽性,岩溶地下水的深埋性,岩溶地下水与生态经济的相关性;论述了对碳酸盐岩层组结构类型、构造演化与岩溶发育期次、岩溶形态组合关系、表层岩溶带、岩溶地下水系统、岩溶地下河、主要环境地质问题和岩溶水资源开发利用条件8个关键科学问题调查研究的技术要点。   相似文献   

16.
北方地区地下水系统退化的气候干旱化效应   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
周爱国  徐恒力 《地球科学》2000,25(5):510-513
北方气候干旱化趋势越来越强烈, 对生态环境产生了巨大影响.在分析气候干旱化研究现状基础上, 讨论了地下水系统在地球表层系统中的地位、对地球表层系统的调节作用以及对北方干旱化趋势研究的意义, 分析了地下水系统的退化对北方气候干旱化的作用.研究表明其已经产生了不可忽视的环境效应, 具体表现在地下水的过量开采使区域地下水系统退化, 导致地球浅表水、热、CO2转换模式的改变, 造成水热失调, 加快局域气候干旱化.认为应该研究地下水系统演化规律, 揭示其时相变化对干旱化形成和发展的作用机理, 评估、预测未来地下水开发的相关环境效应, 提出防止干旱化的地下水开发调控模式, 从而为北方干旱化地区实施可持续发展提供科学依据.   相似文献   

17.
Water resources play an important role in supporting the economic and social development of China. The impact of climate change on water resources has become a bottleneck in this process, especially for major projects, with surface water and groundwater systems experiencing considerable impacts. The annual natural recharge of fresh groundwater is 8 840×10~8 m~3, which accounts for approximately 31% of the water resources. Groundwater is the most significant water source for many cities and energy bases, and it is also the main source acting as a buffer against extreme climate events caused by climate change. However, most of the groundwater in China buried deeply and unevenly, which increases the difficulty of investigating and exploiting this resource.This paper illustrates the general conditions of China water resources and hydrogeological hazards, such as karst sinkholes, surface subsidence, and soil salinization, caused by climate change, El Nino, La Nina, other climate events and human activities and presents the regulatory measures enacted to mitigate these issues in China.The China Geological Survey(CGS) has organized professional teams to investigate and evaluate groundwater resources and the environment since 1999. Based on these investigations, the total quantity, expected exploitable quantity and current exploited quantity of groundwater in whole China have been evaluated. In addition, an evaluation of the groundwater pollution caused by climate change throughout China and key areas has been conducted. At present, the CGS is conducting national groundwater monitoring projects and establishing regional engineering and technical measures for water resource exploitation and utilization.  相似文献   

18.
气候政策建模研究综述:基于文献计量分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用SCI-E和SSCI网络版数据库,使用文献计量方法对1981—2012年间气候政策建模领域的科学产出进行分析。通过对气候政策建模领域的基本特征分析,发现气候政策建模是一个多学科交叉的领域;发达国家在此领域的实力明显强于发展中国家,欧美占据主导地位。通过对关键词的词频分析,发现气候政策建模领域的6个研究热点:减排机制、不确定性、成本效益分析、发展情景、技术进步和公平性。分析还发现,此领域最主流的分析框架是综合评估模型,最主要的模型方法有最优化模型、可计算一般均衡模型和模拟模型;行为模型和数据包络分析模型具有很强的应用潜力。通过对中国在该领域国际地位的分析,提出了该领域发展的相关建议。  相似文献   

19.
Climate change and land use/land cover change have resulted in water shortage, degraded ecosystem services, and increased disaster risks across the world. Developing strategies and measures for achieving regional and global sustainability in the face of these environmental problems is a key topic of current climate change research. This paper provides an overview of the 973 project, entitled “Integrative Modeling and Strategic Planning for Regional Sustainability under Climate Change”, including its background, relative progresses, key scientific questions, major research elements, methodology, and expected outcomes. The proposed research is based on sustainability science, guided by the idea of Orderly Human Activities (OHA), and implemented through an integrated methodology of combining field observations, simulation experiments, and scenario analysis. The main objectives of the project are: to quantify the relationship between human activities and climate change, to assess the impacts of human activities on ecosystem services and human well being in the face of climate change, and to develop an integrated model of climate change, OHA, and regional sustainable development. The ultimate goal is to provide a landscape/regional-scale strategy for sustainable development in the face of climate change. The project is expected to help advance the science and application of landscape sustainability science and land system design, particularly in terms of linking climate change, ecosystem services, and human well-being in the dry land region of China.  相似文献   

20.
Significant changes in the regional energy process, water recycling and the biological process have taken place due to the climate change and human activities, and the regional agriculture has been affected by these changes. It is therefore a key issue for the regional agricultural water resource management to accurately monitor and evaluate the change of crop evapotranspiration under a changing environment. The development of the evapotranspiration theory was first reviewed, and then, the driven mechanisms and the research progress of crop evapotranspiration were illustrated. The suitability of the current monitoring method and evaluation model of the evapotranspiration in the crop evapotranspiration research under climate change were analyzed. After that, the current studies of the agricultural water resources management of “ET-based” were reviewed, and finally, the research tendency of the crop evapotranspiration on the theory, methods and application management in the future were prospected.  相似文献   

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