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1.
河套盆地北部344 ka以来沉积环境演化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
通过对河套盆地北部获取的377 m钻孔岩芯进行沉积相及粒度特征分析,并结合多种测年手段,揭示了河套盆地北部中更新世晚期以来的沉积环境演变过程。根据粒度参数特征变化把钻孔划分为6个沉积环境阶段:344~326 ka为滨湖相沉积环境;326~165 ka为半深湖相沉积环境;165~130 ka为滨湖三角洲相沉积环境;130~100 ka为浅湖相沉积环境;100~10 ka为滨湖—河流相沉积环境;10 ka~今为河漫滩相沉积环境。河套盆地中更新世晚期到晚更新世期间存在统一的古大湖,晚更新世以后古大湖分解并消失。 相似文献
2.
河套盆地西缘山前低台地沉积特征对“吉兰泰-河套”古湖消退过程及其控制因素的指示意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
河套盆地西缘与北缘发育一系列山前台地,台地沉积物记录了盆地环境变化。高台地沉积物记录了“吉兰泰-河套”古大湖形成过程,而低台地记录了古大湖的消退过程。盆地东部与西部低台地沉积特征不同,东部低台地由全新世冲洪积物组成,西部狼山山前低台地由晚更新世晚期-全新世(14C年龄(15 260±60)a cal BP与(9 810±40)a cal BP)湖相沉积组成。低台地沉积特征及测年结果表明,1.5万年至1.0万年前后,河套盆地东部湖泊消失,而西部仍发育湖泊,古湖经历了自东向西的退却过程。古湖消退受盆地周缘断裂活动的差异性控制,1.5万年至1.0万年前后,盆地周缘断裂活动性总体上东强西弱,东部大青山山前断裂活动速率较高,大量碎屑物质进入盆地,呼和坳陷湖泊萎缩甚至消失,西部狼山山前断裂活动速率较低,进入盆地碎屑物质较少,临河坳陷大部分地区发育湖泊。 相似文献
3.
柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖贝壳堤剖面粒度特征及其沉积环境 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
通过对柴达木察尔汗盐湖贝壳堤剖面沉积物粒度、碳酸盐和磁化率的对比,结合沉积物粒度频率曲线与多种粒度参数分析,详细讨论了研究剖面形成过程中物质搬运和沉积作用以及所反映的环境变化。结果表明沉积物粒度特征指示了湖泊水位的相对变化。在距今约38.2 ka BP（14-C年代,未校正。下同）左右,沉积记录指示古湖泊的范围和水位已达到剖面位置,之后湖泊继续扩张、水位波动上升;在距今约35.5 ka BP,粒径有一突然变细又变粗的过程,可能为一次较快速的湖面波动;在距今约35.5 ～ 33.3 ka BP之间,沉积物颗粒较粗,碳酸盐含量和磁化率值低,揭示湖泊水位较低。距今约33.3 ～ 27.1 ka BP之间,沉积物颗粒较细,碳酸盐含量较前一阶段高,表明此阶段湖泊水位相对较深,但粒度、碳酸盐和磁化率等指标也记录了三次较明显的湖泊快速但短暂的退缩过程;在距今约29.7～28.3 ka BP,沉积物颗粒最细,指示了此时期可能为湖泊水位最高期。从距今约27.1 ka BP开始,沉积积物颗粒明显变粗,揭示湖泊进入到退缩期,距今约18.1 ka BP,粒度指标的变化和上层的盐壳指示湖泊进入快速盐化阶段,之后湖泊退出剖面所在的位置,此后研究区湖泊水位再也没有达到这个高度。 相似文献
4.
通过对花海古湖泊沉积剖面8.42~0.405 m沉积物样品的矿物和化学元素测定,分析了沉积物中盐类矿物含量及化学元素K/Na比值的变化情况,结合已有的年代地层结果,重建了花海古湖泊10.47~5.5 cal ka BP湖水盐度变化. 结果表明：花海湖泊全新世湖相沉积阶段中,除个别层位以硫酸盐类矿物沉积为主外,早全新世(10.47~8.87 cal ka BP)和中全新世(8.87~5.5 cal ka BP)均以碳酸盐盐类矿物沉积为主,并且早全新世时期K/Na高于中全新世时期,揭示了早全新世时期湖水盐度高于中全新世时期. 这一结果与该湖泊沉积过程所揭示的湖泊水位变化、粒度等揭示的有效湿度变化具有一致性,表明花海湖泊早、中全新世湖水盐度的高低可以指示其湖泊水位的变化,并间接反映了有效湿度的变化. 结合花海湖泊晚全新世湖泊萎缩、气候干旱的特点,该区域早、中、晚全新世气候干湿变化变化模式可以概况为早全新世降水增强、气候呈现由干向湿的转变,中全新世有效湿度最大,晚全新世气候干旱. 这种全新世气候干湿变化模式有别于西风区,亦与季风区不完全相同,呈现出了一种季风-西风过渡带全新世气候干湿变化的模式. 相似文献
5.
对雷州半岛南部徐闻县九亩村一段1.54m厚的湖相沉积剖面进行粒度、磁化率、色度及有机碳氮分析,结合AMS~(14)C测年结果,重建了该地区10.5~6.5cal ka BP的气候环境变化。共分为3个阶段:(1)10.5~9.5cal ka BP,湖泊水体较浅,气候较干燥;(2)9.5~7.2cal ka BP,湖泊水位较高,环境稳定,气候较湿润;(3)7.2~6.5cal ka BP,湖水相对变浅,气候相对阶段(2)干燥。雷州半岛地区降水变化与印度季风演变模式一致,可与北半球夏季平均太阳辐射及其影响下热带辐合带(ITCZ)的移动进行对比,指标时间序列的红外噪声谱分析结果表明,存在千年—百年的准周期,反映了研究区气候环境变化对太阳活动的响应。 相似文献
6.
通过对柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖贝壳堤剖面沉积物中总有机碳、有机质碳同位素及碳酸盐含量、碳氧同位素的分析, 并结合粒度数据, 将研究剖面所记录的古湖泊环境演化过程划分为5个阶段.其中254 (连续古湖泊沉积开始与第八层底部) ~210cm (距今39.7~35.8ka BP之间) 为湖泊发育期.210~185cm (距今35.8~33.6ka BP之间), 185~112cm (距今33.6~27.2ka BP之间) : TOC、CaCO3含量较高、δ18 O值偏正, δ13 Corg偏负, Mz值较低, 反映了当时温度较高, 湖水水位较高; 而112~55cm (距今27.2~22.3ka BP之间) 和55~0cm (距今22.3~17.5ka BP之间) : TOC、CaCO3含量较低、δ18 O值偏负, δ13 Corg偏正, Mz值较高, 表明了温度相对较低(但气候仍较温暖), 湖水水位较低, 湖泊处于退缩时期.其间分别在距今32.2~32.4ka BP、30.4~29.8ka BP和28.4~27.2ka BP出现了3次较大的退缩过程, 约22ka BP出现了一次气候突变.贝壳堤剖面揭示在39.7~18.5 14C ka BP之间柴达木盆地气候较温暖湿润, 形成高湖面.从18.2ka BP开始, 湖泊进入退缩阶段.到17.5ka BP快速形成盐壳, 高湖面持续历史结束. 相似文献
7.
关于黄河形成时代的一些认识 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以黄河中游河套盆地-晋陕峡谷-三门峡盆地-三门峡峡谷-郑州邙山段黄河形成时代为主要研究内容,辅以黄河上游兴海盆地-共和盆地段黄河出现的时代来探讨统一黄河形成的时代.黄河上游兴海盆地共发育9级黄河阶地,ESR和OSL年代结果表明,最高三级阶地分别形成于200ka,100ka和80ka;中游河套盆地普遍发育一套湖相沉积,其中盆地东南端托克托台地郝家窑剖面湖相沉积的亮度和烧失量数据呈现一致的由下向上波动上升变化趋势,反映沉积物碳酸盐含量在不断增高,湖水盐度在增大,可能指示了湖泊处于封闭的环境,OSL结果显示湖相沉积结束的年代在100ka前后;三门峡盆地东端发育的最高黄河阶地年代为150ka,而指示古三门湖湖水外泄的河湖相白砂层结束时间是200ka.文章总结对比前人的研究成果,认为共和运动才是形成统一黄河的主因,尽管如此,上游兴海-共和河段及中游三门峡河段黄河(分别形成于200ka和200～ 150ka)出现要早于河套地区(100ka),而晋陕峡谷最晚贯通.也就是说,现今统一的黄河形成于100ka前后. 相似文献
8.
内蒙古狼山山前台地成因及其新构造运动意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
内蒙古狼山地处阴山造山带西段、河套断陷带的西北缘,晚新生代以来狼山山前断裂广泛发育、构造抬升强烈。研究晚更新世以来狼山的构造隆升对深入了解河套断陷带的形成演化机制及其隆升过程对河套盆地古地理格局的影响具有重要的意义。狼山山前翁格勒其格和乌兰敖包台地的沉积学、地貌学和年代学研究表明,T1台地形成于47.4 kaB.P.,其沉积物为晚更新世河套古大湖沉积;T2台地形成于69 kaB.P.,其沉积物可能为黄河流经狼山山前的冲积物。台地特征的分析显示,狼山山前台地主要由构造抬升形成,两级台地记录了狼山晚更新世晚期(Qp3-2)以来的构造隆升过程。69 kaB.P.到47.4 kaB.P.翁格勒其格和乌兰敖包地区的隆升速率分别为1.34 m/ka和1.25 m/ka,47.4 kaB.P.以来分别为0.81 m/ka和1.18 m/ka,狼山南段(翁格勒其格地区)构造抬升有减小的趋势。晚更新世晚期(Qp3-2)以来由于狼山的快速隆升,导致黄河河道不断东迁,河套平原的古河道是其迁移的证据。狼山山前湖岸阶地的研究进一步证实晚更新世晚期河套地区发育统一古大湖。 相似文献
9.
河套地区新生代湖泊演化与“吉兰泰-河套”古大湖形成机制的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究发现,河套地区在距今5～6万年前存在一个统一的"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖,覆盖吉兰泰和河套盆地的大部分地区。本研究试图依据钻孔资料和湖泊沉积物的测年结果,讨论新生代以来河套盆地的湖泊演化和古大湖的形成机制。结果表明,新生代以来,特别是早更新世以来吉兰泰盆地和河套平原的3个坳陷盆地就已经处于湖泊环境,但没有证据显示存在统一的湖泊。湖泊沉积及其OSL测年显示,"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖大约在距今10万年前后开始发育,至距今5～6万年之前湖面达到海拔1080m上下,随后湖泊衰退。我们认为,鄂尔多斯高原东北边缘距今12万年前后开始的快速构造隆升,可能导致了晋陕峡谷黄河外流受阻,最终在河套盆地积水形成统一湖泊,末次冰期中期(深海氧同位素3阶段)相对湿润的气候环境进一步促进了"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖的发育。 相似文献
10.
采用标准偏差方法提取了延庆盆地阜高营剖面湖相沉积物的敏感粒度组分,得出粗粒敏感组分2(26~159μm)能有效指示冬季风的强弱。根据经验正交函数(EOF)对其整体粒度进行了分解,其中EOF1组分(22μm)的贡献率高达53.8%,指示降水量的多少。研究显示,粗粒敏感组分2与EOF1组分比值的变化可以作为研究区冬季风强弱和干旱化的指标,粗粒敏感组分2增加,EOF1组分减少,表明冬季风加强,气候变干,湖泊发育受限。研究区冬季风演化过程表现出冰期-间冰期旋回特征:56.8~45.6ka冬季风弱,降水量大,湖面较高;45.6~31.5ka冬季风开始加强,降水量减少,水位略有下降;31.5~13.4ka冬季风强盛,降水量较少,湖泊趋于萎缩;13.4ka至今冬季风微弱,降水适中,湖泊发育缓慢。 相似文献
11.
Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40 kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be, and in some cases 26Al, in boulders (n = 15), surface sediment (n = 15), and one depth profile (n = 9). Nuclide concentrations in surface sediments and boulders underestimate fan ages, suggesting that 10Be accumulation is largely controlled by the geomorphic processes that operate on the surfaces of the fans and not by their ages.Field observations, grain-size distribution, and cosmogenic nuclide data suggest that over time, boulders weather into grus and the bar sediments diffuse into the adjacent swales. As fans grow older the relief between bars and swales decreases, the sediment transport rate from bars to swales decreases, and the surface processes that erode the fan become uniform over the entire fan surface. The nuclide data therefore suggest that, over time, the difference in 10Be concentration between bars and swales increases to a maximum until the topographic relief between bars and swales is minimized, resulting in a common surface lowering rate and common 10Be concentrations across the fan. During this phase, the entire fan is lowered homogeneously at a rate of 10-15 mm kyr−1. 相似文献
12.
琼北火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新生代以来,雷琼地区多次、大量地喷发了一系列火山岩。前人主要基于K-Ar法对此划分了期次。本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对琼北火山岩区进行了精细定年研究。低本底激光40Ar/39Ar法能够对低钾含量,极少量样品(毫克级)进行精细测定,非常适合极年轻火山岩的定年工作。结果显示的火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar法高质量数据表明琼北火山喷发活动时限跨越1.3～0.052Ma。在比较了表观年龄与等时线年龄差异之后,本文给出了年龄推荐值。正如测试数据所显示,本地区新生代火山岩普遍存在40Ar和36Ar过剩的问题,此时只有等时线年龄才代表喷发的真实年龄。 相似文献
13.
H. Knicker G. Almendros F. J. Gonzlez-Vila H. -D. Lüdemann F. Martin 《Organic Geochemistry》1995,23(11-12)
A variety of fungal melanins with natural 15N abundance are characterized by solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy and are compared to solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectra of organic matter from representative soils. In all solid-state 15N NMR spectra the peptide/amide region (−220 to −285 ppm) dominates with more than 70% of the total intensity. The region between −285 and −375 ppm, assigned to amino and ammonium groups, always contains more than half of the remaining intensity. The area in the region from −30 to −220 ppm, where aromatic heterocycles would show signals, makes up less than 10% of the total intensity. These findings call into question common structural models for melanins. The solid-state 13C NMR spectra, on the other hand, reveal large differences when the melanins are compared to each other, and to composts and soils. The concentration of the aromatic carbon varies from 5 to 40% in the melanin series. The ratio Caro/Ntot and Cali/Ntot were calculated, and confirm that nitrogen in these samples is bound in Ca-groups rather than in aromatic heterocyclic structures. 相似文献
14.
Constraints from strontium and neodymium isotopic ratios and trace elements on the sources of the sediments in Lake Huguang Maar 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Houyun Zhou Bo-Shian Wang Huazheng Guan Yi-Jen Lai Chen-Feng You Jinlian Wang Huai-Jen Yang 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(2):289-300
The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar in coastal South China were previously thought to originate mainly from wind-blown dust transported from North China, such that the lake sediments recorded the varying strength of the Asian winter monsoon. An alternative explanation was that the local pyroclastic rocks supplied the lake sediments, but the actual contributions from the different sources remained unclear. Geochemical analyses including 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd and trace elements support the local pyroclastic rock as the dominant source: < 22% of the total Sr in the lake sediments and 17% of the Nd arises from the distant source. Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf for the lake sediments are identical to those for the local rock but differ from the ratios for the wind-blown dust, and chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns for the lake sediments are similar to those for the local rock and soil, but differ from those for the distant source. The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar are probably input into the lake through runoff and thus controlled by the hydrology of the lake. Wind-blown dust transported by the Asian winter monsoon from arid North China is only a minor contribution to the sediments. 相似文献
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The ground waters circulating in the Apulian mesozoic carbonate aquifer, of coastal type, show high concentrations of 222Rn everywhere. Considering their variation during the different phases of a hydrological year, such high concentration values can reach activity of 20 Bq/L, in the more internal zones of the aquifer. Moreover, it is often observed that, in correspondence of wells and springs nearest the coast, the concentrations of radioactive gas reach values greater than 400 Bq/L and vary considerably during the course of a day and with withdrawals. The research carried out over the last few years, has confirmed that 226Ra and 222Rn concentrations in the karst groundwater of Apulia, are mainly related to the occurrence of Terra Rossa inside the aquifer and the capacity of these paleosols to fix the salts of 226Ra coming from the dissolution of the calcareous and calcareous-dolomitic rocks. This paper shows the results of the analysis performed to define 222Rn increase in the brackish waters that come in contact with carbonate rocks and terra rossa. It also indicates the results of surveys performed in a coastal zone with well-known hydrogeological features. The controls performed during one hydrological year, have confirmed the relationships between the salt content of the ground waters and the enrichment of 222Rn and have highlighted that the manner of increase of this radioisotope is related to cases of ionic exchange and adsorption regulated by the dynamics of marine intrusion. 相似文献
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Mark Quigley Yu Liangjun Liu Xiaohan Christopher J.L. Wilson Mike Sandiford David Phillips 《Tectonophysics》2006,421(3-4):269-297
Structural and thermochronological studies of the Kampa Dome provide constraints on timing and mechanisms of gneiss dome formation in southern Tibet. The core of Kampa Dome contains the Kampa Granite, a Cambrian orthogneiss that was deformed under high temperature (sub-solidus) conditions during Himalayan orogenesis. The Kampa Granite is intruded by syn-tectonic leucogranite dikes and sills of probable Oligocene to Miocene age. Overlying Paleozoic to Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks decrease in peak metamorphic grade from kyanite + staurolite grade at the base of the sequence to unmetamorphosed at the top. The Kampa Shear Zone traverses the Kampa Granite — metasediment contact and contains evidence for high-temperature to low-temperature ductile deformation and brittle faulting. The shear zone is interpreted to represent an exhumed portion of the South Tibetan Detachment System. Biotite and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology from the metasedimentary sequence yields disturbed spectra with 14.22 ± 0.18 to 15.54 ± 0.39 Ma cooling ages and concordant spectra with 14.64 ± 0.15 to 14.68 ± 0.07 Ma cooling ages. Petrographic investigations suggest disturbed samples are associated with excess argon, intracrystalline deformation, mineral and fluid inclusions and/or chloritization that led to variations in argon systematics. We conclude that the entire metasedimentary sequence cooled rapidly through mica closure temperatures at 14.6 Ma. The Kampa Granite yields the youngest biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 13.7 Ma immediately below the granite–metasediment contact. We suggest that this age variation reflects either varying mica closure temperatures, re-heating of the Kampa Granite biotites above closure temperatures between 14.6 Ma and 13.7 Ma, or juxtaposition of rocks with different thermal histories. Our data do not corroborate the “inverse” mica cooling gradient observed in adjacent North Himalayan gneiss domes. Instead, we infer that mica cooling occurred in response to exhumation and conduction related to top-to-north normal faulting in the overlying sequence, top-to-south thrusting at depth, and coeval surface denudation. 相似文献
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由于较低的钾元素含量以及过剩氩的存在,长期以来对硅质岩的40Ar/39Ar定年一直存在较大难度。近年来,由于仪器水平的不断提高,新实验技术和方法的应用,特别是激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年技术的应用,40Ar/39Ar定年方法具有了足够高的测试精度和稳定的低本底水平,可以满足测试极低钾元素含量的硅质岩样品的要求。利用多组矿物颗粒测试数据计算等时线年龄的方法可以很好地去除过剩氩对硅质岩年龄的影响。本文利用激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年方法对新疆准噶尔盆地边缘的两个硅质岩样品进行了定年研究。采自白碱滩地区的08BJT-3样品的年龄测试结果为294±14Ma,该年龄结果与硅质岩样品所处的晚石炭世地层沉积年代基本一致。采自卡拉麦里地区的KML-2样品的年龄测试结果为266±14Ma,该年龄结果与强烈变形改造硅质岩样品的卡拉麦里构造变形带活动年代十分一致,表明激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年方法可以准确地对硅质岩进行定年。 相似文献