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1.
Simulation of frictional contact between soils and rigid or deformable structure in the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is presented in this study. Two algorithms are implemented into the SPH code to describe contact behavior, where the contact forces are calculated using the law of conservation of momentum based on ideal plastic collision or using the criteria of partial penetrating. In both algorithms, the problem of boundary deficiency inherited from SPH is properly handled so that the particles located at contact boundary can have precise acceleration, which is critical for contact detection. And the movement and rotation of the rigid structure are taken into account so that it is easy to simulate the process of pile driving or movement of a retaining wall in geotechnical engineering analysis. Furthermore, the capability of modeling deformability of a structure during frictional contact simulations broadens the fields of SPH application. In contrast to previous work dealing with contact in SPH, which usually use particle‐to‐particle contact or ignoring sliding between particles and solid structure, the method proposed here is more efficient and accurate, and it is suitable to simulate interaction between soft materials and rigid or deformable structures, which are very common in geotechnical engineering. A number of numerical tests are carried out to verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithms, and their results are compared with analytical solutions or results from finite element method analysis. Good agreement obtained from these comparisons suggests that the proposed algorithms are robust and can be applied to extend the capability of SPH in solving geotechnical problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Ha H. Bui Jayantha K. Kodikara Abdelmalek Bouazza Asadul Haque Pathegama G. Ranjith 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(13):1321-1340
Segmental retaining wall (SRW) systems are commonly used in geotechnical practice to stabilize cut and fill slopes. Because of their flexibility, these systems can tolerate minor movements and settlements without incurring damage or crack. Despite these advantages, very few numerical studies of large deformations and post‐failure behavior of SRW systems are found in the current literature. Traditional numerical methods, such as the finite element method, suffer from mesh entanglement, thus are unable to simulate large deformations and flexible behavior of retaining wall blocks in SRW systems. To overcome the above limitations, a novel computational framework based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was developed to simulate large deformations and post‐failure behavior of soils and retaining wall blocks in SRW systems. The proposed numerical framework is a hybrid continuum/discontinuum approach that can model soil as an elasto‐plastic material and retaining wall blocks as independent rigid bodies associated with both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. A new contact model is proposed within the SPH framework to simulate the interaction between the soil and the blocks and between the blocks. As an application of the proposed numerical method, a two‐dimensional simulation of an SRW collapse was simulated and compared to experimental results conducted under the same conditions. The results showed that the proposed computational approach provided satisfactory agreement with the experiment. This suggests that the new framework is a promising numerical approach to model SRW systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
To overcome the disadvantages of traditional flow analysis methods for liquefied soils that exhibit fluidization and large
deformation characteristics, Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is adopted in this study to analyze the flow processes
of liquefied soils. Bingham model with the use of the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion, the concepts of equivalent Newtonian viscosity,
and the Verlet neighbor list method are introduced into the framework of SPH to build an algorithm for the analysis of flowing
liquefied soils. This modeling involves a simulation of physical model test of flowing liquefied soils that can be compared
with numerical results. In addition, a shaking table test is selected from the literature for SPH analysis to verify the validation
of the SPH method and extend its applications. The SPH simulation can reproduce the flow processes of liquefied soils and
constrain estimates of the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and velocity of soils after liquefaction. According
to the dynamic behaviors of the materials involved, designs can be implemented to improve the seismic safety of structures. 相似文献
4.
Liquefaction can result in the damage or collapse of structures during an earthquake and can therefore be a great threat to life and property. Many site investigations of liquefaction disasters are needed to study the large-scale deformation and flow mechanisms of liquefied soils that can be used for performance assessments and infrastructure improvement. To overcome the disadvantages of traditional flow analysis methods for liquefied soils, a soil–water-coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) modeling method was developed to analyze flow in liquefied soils. In the proposed SPH method, water and soil were simulated as different layers, while permeability, porosity, and interaction forces could be combined to model water-saturated porous media. A simple shear test was simulated using the SPH method with an elastic model to verify its application to solid phase materials. Subsequently, the applicability of the proposed SPH modeling method to the simulation of interaction forces between water and soil was verified by a falling-head permeability test. The coupled SPH method produced good simulations for both the simple shear and falling-head permeability tests. Using a fit-for-purpose experimental apparatus, a physical flow model test of liquefied sand has been designed and conducted. To complement the physical test, a numerical simulation has been undertaken based on the soil–water-coupled SPH method. The numerical results correspond well with the physical model test results in observed configurations and velocity vectors. An embankment failure in northern Sweden was selected so that the application of the soil–water-coupled SPH method could be extended to an actual example of liquefaction. The coupled SPH method simulated the embankment failure with the site investigation well. They have also estimated horizontal displacements and velocities, which can be used to greatly improve the seismic safety of structures. 相似文献
5.
A new model for three-dimensional non-linear contact problems with irreversible friction is presented here for the interaction between the rock foundation and an arch dam structure. Based on the finite element method and load incremental theory, a constraint contact element with displacements and contact stresses as node parameters is developed. In this approach, four contact conditions are considered, i.e. fixed, slip, free and mixed. This model can simulate frictional slippage, decoupling and re-bonding of two bodies initially mating at a common interface or with any initial gaps. Furthermore boundary conditions for this element are discussed and treatment measures proposed. This method is shown to be effective and to have the advantage of being easily implemented into standard finite element programs. Solutions are obtained for a centrally loaded, simply supported composite beam and for an end-loaded elastica with initial gaps in regional contact with a rigid surface. The results obtained for these examples are compared to the plane stress solutions by contact friction analysis. As an application example, Quanshui arch dam located in Ruyuan County of Guangdong Province in southern China is simulated with the new element. 相似文献
6.
The method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has recently been applied to computational geomechanics and has been shown to be a powerful alternative to the standard numerical method, that is, the finite element method, for handling large deformation and post‐failure of geomaterials. However, very few studies apply the SPH method to model saturated or submerged soil problems. Our recent studies of this matter revealed that significant errors may be made if the gradient of the pore‐water pressure is handled using the standard SPH formulation. To overcome this problem and to enhance the SPH applications to computational geomechanics, this article proposes a general SPH formulation, which can be applied straightforwardly to dry and saturated soils. For simplicity, the current work assumes hydrostatic pore‐water pressure. It is shown that the proposed formulation can remove the numerical error mentioned earlier. Moreover, this formulation automatically satisfies the dynamic boundary conditions at a submerged ground surface, thereby saving computational cost. Discussions on the applications of the standard and new SPH formulations are also given through some numerical tests. Furthermore, techniques to obtain the correct SPH solution are also proposed and discussed throughout. As an application of the proposed method, the effect of the dilatancy angle on the failure mechanism of a two‐sided embankment subjected to a high groundwater table is presented and compared with that of other solutions. Finally, the proposed formulation can be considered a basic formulation for further developments of SPH for saturated soils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
8.
We present a Lagrangian formulation for simulating the continuum hydrodynamics of dry granular flows based on multiplicative elastoplasticity theory for finite deformation calculations. The formulation is implemented within the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method along with a variant of the usual dynamic boundary condition. Three benchmark simulations on dry sands are presented to validate the model: (a) a set of plane strain collapse tests, (b) a set of 3D collapse tests, and (c) a plane strain simulation of the impact force generated by granular flow on a rigid wall. Comparison with experimental results suggests that the formulation is sufficiently robust and accurate to model the continuum hydrodynamics of dry granular flows in a laboratory setting. Results of the simulations suggest the potential of the formulation for modeling more complex, field-scale scenarios characterized by more elaborate geometry and multi-physical processes. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time the multiplicative plasticity approach has been applied to granular flows in the context of the SPH method. 相似文献
9.
A Lagrangian particle‐based method, smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), is used in this paper to model the flow of self‐compacting concretes (SCC) with or without short steel fibres. An incompressible SPH method is presented to simulate the flow of such non‐Newtonian fluids whose behaviour is described by a Bingham‐type model, in which the kink in the shear stress vs shear strain rate diagram is first appropriately smoothed out. The viscosity of the SCC is predicted from the measured viscosity of the paste using micromechanical models in which the second phase aggregates are treated as rigid spheres and the short steel fibres as slender rigid bodies. The basic equations solved in the SPH are the incompressible mass conservation and Navier–Stokes equations. The solution procedure uses prediction–correction fractional steps with the temporal velocity field integrated forward in time without enforcing incompressibility in the prediction step. The resulting temporal velocity field is then implicitly projected on to a divergence‐free space to satisfy incompressibility through a pressure Poisson equation derived from an approximate pressure projection. The results of the numerical simulation are benchmarked against actual slump tests carried out in the laboratory. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with test results, thus demonstrating the capability of SPH and a proper rheological model to predict SCC flow and mould‐filling behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
The clay-core rockfill dam is a multibody contact system in which the hydromechanical response of the clay core plays a crucial role. This complex problem is highly challenging to model numerically. We present a numerical approach that considers the multibody contact, consolidation, and strong geometric and material nonlinearities for the modeling of clay-core rockfill dams. Within the framework of the dual mortar finite element method, the presented approach considers the contact bodies as independent porous media continuums. The nonlinear contact conditions are derived based on the effective contact traction on contact interfaces and pore pressure continuity. The weak forms are obtained by introducing Lagrange multipliers as additional unknowns, which are then condensed through an extended general transformation. The presented method is first validated with a patch test considering the contact between two porous media. Then, a three-dimensional analysis of the Rumei clay-core rockfill dam is performed. The main numerical analysis concerns are the two observation galleries planned for construction inside the clay core. The galleries consist of dozens of tunnel-like concrete blocks, giving rise to complex concrete-concrete and concrete-clay contacts. The discontinuous separation and sliding between concrete blocks are investigated. For the concrete-concrete contact, both hard and soft joint approaches are evaluated and compared. The pore pressure results of the concrete structures are also analyzed. 相似文献
11.
Numerical modelling of bit–rock fracture mechanisms in percussive drilling with a continuum approach
Timo Saksala 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(13):1483-1505
This paper presents a numerical method for continuum modelling of the dynamic bit–rock interaction process in percussive drilling. The method includes a constitutive model based on a combination of the recent viscoplastic consistency model, the isotropic damage concept and a parabolic compression cap. The interaction between the drill bit and rock is modelled using contact mechanics by treating the bit as a rigid body. As the bit–rock interaction in percussive drilling is a transient event, the method is implemented in explicit dynamics FEM. The rock strength heterogeneity is characterized at the mesoscopic level statistically using the Weibull distribution. The bit–rock interaction is simulated under axisymmetric conditions using cylindrical and hemispherical buttons. The choice of the quite complex constitutive model accounting, e.g. for plastic compaction, viscoplastic shear and tensile failure along with induced damage and rate dependency is justified by numerical simulations. Moreover, the quasi‐static and dynamic cases are compared in plane strain simulations. Finally, some results clarifying the discrepancy of opinions found in the literature concerning the side (lateral) crack formation are obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
土-结构-流体动力相互作用的实时耦联动力试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对振动台试验中无限地基难以模拟和数值分析中流-固耦合作用难以计算两个难题,将最近发展的实时耦联动力试验方法引入土-结构-流体动力相互作用问题的研究。以一个渡槽结构为例,其中渡槽-水体作为物理子结构,采用振动台进行物理试验,而无限地基作为数值子结构,采用集总参数模型进行数值模拟。两个子结构之间实时交换数据,联合评估整个耦合体系的动力响应。试验结果和有限元数值模拟结果吻合良好,表明该试验方法具有较高精度。对不同特性地基土进行的试验对比分析结果表明：对于软土地基,考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)的结构反应幅值明显减小,周期延长;随着地基土变硬,SSI效应逐渐变弱,结构反应最终收敛至刚性地基解。 相似文献
13.
Simulation of large deformation and post‐failure of geomaterial in the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) are presented in this study. The Drucker–Prager model with associated and non‐associated plastic flow rules is implemented into the SPH code to describe elastic–plastic soil behavior. In contrast to previous work on SPH for solids, where the hydrostatic pressure is often estimated from density by an equation of state, this study proposes to calculate the hydrostatic pressure of soil directly from constitutive models. Results obtained in this paper show that the original SPH method, which has been successfully applied to a vast range of problems, is unable to directly solve elastic–plastic flows of soil because of the so‐called SPH tensile instability. This numerical instability may result in unrealistic fracture and particles clustering in SPH simulation. For non‐cohesive soil, the instability is not serious and can be completely removed by using a tension cracking treatment from soil constitutive model and thereby give realistic soil behavior. However, the serious tensile instability that is found in SPH application for cohesive soil requires a special treatment to overcome this problem. In this paper, an artificial stress method is applied to remove the SPH numerical instability in cohesive soil. A number of numerical tests are carried out to check the capability of SPH in the current application. Numerical results are then compared with experimental and finite element method solutions. The good agreement obtained from these comparisons suggests that SPH can be extended to general geotechnical problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
A two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5-D) coupled finite element–boundary element (FE–BE) model is presented to simulate the three-dimensional dynamic interaction between saturated soils and structures with longitudinally invariant geometries. A regularized 2.5-D boundary integral equation for saturated porous media is derived that avoids the evaluation of singular traction integrals. The 2.5-D coupled FE–BE model is established by using the continuity conditions on the soil–structure interface. The developed model is verified through comparison with an existing semi-analytical method. Two case studies of a tunnel embedded in a poroelastic half-space and the efficiency of a vibration isolating screen are presented. 相似文献
15.
The particulate nature of granular soils can be accurately simulated at a microscale level. However, due to the huge spatial extent of geotechnical systems, a model fully constructed at such a scale is almost impossible with current computing technologies. Hence, continuum-based approaches are considered as the practical scale for modeling the majority of problems. Combining both scales enables benefiting from the advantages of both techniques while trying to overcome their drawbacks. Although a significant number of publications have addressed coupling both scales, only a few provide information regarding implementing the proposed procedures. In this study, an efficient co-simulation framework for conducting multiscale analysis is introduced. The framework is based on integrating existing continuum and micromechanical modeling software packages and therefore benefitting from already existing codes. A computational simulation of a rigid pile in contact with granular soil demonstrating the capabilities of such technique is presented. The near-field zone surrounding the pile is modeled using DEM whereas FEM is utilized to model far-field zones that are not affected by the presence of the pile. Results of conducted simulations resemble those obtained from experimental results. The proposed approach appears to be a very effective and promising tool to model boundary value problems of geotechnical systems. 相似文献
16.
土体的大变形流滑导致了许多地质灾害的发生,对人们的生命财产安全构成了极大的威胁,因此越来越多的研究开始关注土体的大变形流滑特性。其中,光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法是常用的模拟方法之一,但SPH方法的粒子特性导致其计算时间过长,影响了在工程地质领域的进一步应用。对此,本研究基于SPH方法的基本原理、非牛顿流体理论和等效黏度概念,提出了适用于土体大变形流滑分析的三维SPH仿真模型。结合OpenMP并行计算原理,实现了SPH算法的并行优化。在此基础上,对土体流滑模型试验进行了二维和三维分析,得到了滑动距离、滑动冲击力和冲击力峰值等动力学参数,分析了计算维数和边界条件对流滑特性的影响机制。通过不同线程数下计算时间的对比,获得了计算效率随线程数的变化规律。结果证明了本文的OpenMP并行优化具有较高的计算效率,显著降低了三维SPH模拟的计算耗时,对工程地质数值方法的效率提升具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
17.
A version of the Particle Finite Element Method applicable to geomechanics applications is presented. A simple rigid-plastic material model is adopted and the governing equations are cast in terms of a variational principle which facilitates a straightforward solution via mathematical programming techniques. In addition, frictional contact between rigid and deformable solids is accounted for using an approach previously developed for discrete element simulations. The capabilities of the scheme is demonstrated on a range of quasi-static and dynamic problems involving very large deformations. 相似文献
18.
将基于圆化多边形离散单元法与有限元方法结合,提出一种可变形圆化多边形离散单元法。此法对块体离散元进行圆化处理,可较好地表征不规则块体外形,又保留了颗粒离散元计算高效的优势。在求解接触力时,消除了角点处法向奇异等问题,同时增强计算的稳定性和简化接触判断。同时对切向接触力计算模型进行修正,使得接触力计算效率得到提高。此法突破了圆化多边形刚体假设的限制,可以精确计算任意形状不规则离散单元之间的相互作用,对单元的运动和变形进行模拟。通过超静定梁冲击试验、不规则块体单轴压缩试验和料斗流动“卡阻”试验3个数值模拟算例,论证此法可以有效地捕捉单元的碰撞、分离和变形等空间运动和自身特性以及其细观力学表征。 相似文献
19.
针对多体相互作用体系的非连续变形分析问题和接触问题,采用Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则和关联流动法则以及接触界面上的非线性应力分布模式,考虑接触界面特性提出了非线性接触力元模型,以结点位移和界面相互接触应力同时作为独立未知变量,建立了离散系统的总体控制方程.进而,通过数值求解能够直接确定变形体内的应力与变形、界面上的接触应力与离散体的位移与运动.将这种以接触力元为基础的多体系统分析方法具体应用于基础与地基相互作用分析,通过数值计算与分析探讨了地基与基础的相对刚度、荷载大小及其偏心距、地基与基础间界面力学参数对接触界面的应力分布和地基变形的影响,所得结果为工程中考虑基础与地基相互作用影响的设计与分析提供了参考依据. 相似文献
20.
M. Gholami Korzani S. A. Galindo-Torres A. Scheuermann D. J. Williams 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(2):303-316
A simulation framework based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is introduced to model problems involving the interaction between flowing water and soil deformation. Changes in soil porosity and associated permeability are automatically adjusted within this framework. The framework’s capabilities are presented and discussed for three geotechnical problems caused by flowing water. The comparison between simulation results and experiments shows that SPH with the proposed concept is capable of quantitatively simulating the hydro-mechanical processes beyond limit state with satisfactory agreement. To improve the computational stability, a correction procedure and a new algorithm for the selection of the optimal time step are introduced. 相似文献