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1.
Three-dimensional surface crack initiation and propagation in two kinds of heterogeneous rocks were numerically investigated via parallel finite element analysis using a supercomputer. Numerically simulated rock specimens containing a pre-existing flaw were subjected to uniaxial compression until failure. The initiation and propagation of wing cracks, anti-wing cracks, and shell-like cracks were reproduced by numerical simulations. The numerically simulated results demonstrate that the further propagation of wing cracks and shell-like cracks stop due to their wrapping (curving) behavior in three-dimensional spaces, even if the applied loads continue to increase. Furthermore, rock heterogeneity could significantly influence crack propagation patterns and the peak uniaxial compressive strengths of rock specimens. Moreover, anti-wing cracks only appeared in relatively heterogeneous rocks, and the peak uniaxial compressive strengths of the specimens were observed to depend on the inclination of the pre-existing flaw. Finally, the mechanism of surface crack propagation is discussed in the context of numerically simulated anti-plane loading tests, wherein it was identified that Mode III loading (anti-plane loading) does not lead to Mode III fracture in rocks due to their high ratio of uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength. This finding could explain the lateral growth of an existing flaw in its own plane, which is a phenomenon that has not been observed in laboratory experiments. 相似文献
2.
单轴压缩下多裂隙类岩石材料强度试验与数值分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用伺服控制单轴加载系统对预制多裂隙水泥砂浆试件进行加载试验,探索裂隙角度和分布密度对多裂隙类岩石材料断裂破坏强度的影响规律。对试验数据整理分析,应用FLAC3D建立应变软化模型,进行数值模拟。试验数据和数值分析结果表明,裂隙分布密度相同时,裂隙倾角对试件断裂破坏强度的影响比较显著,25°附近取得最小值;裂隙角度相同时,裂隙分布密度对试件断裂破坏强度的影响与裂隙倾角有关,角度较小时,影响比较显著,随着角度的增大,影响越来越弱。试验所得结论,对于预测地下工程中多裂隙情况下围岩强度变化规律提供了依据。 相似文献
3.
利用RMT-150B岩石力学多功能系统,对不同形态的含表观裂纹盐岩的力学特性进行试验研究,分析了表观裂纹对盐岩的强度和变形性能影响以及盐岩表观裂纹扩展及其贯通模式。表观裂纹扩展演化主要分两类:一类是试件初始表观裂纹扩展形成主裂纹;二类是试件初始表观裂纹闭合,而重新萌生微裂纹,聚集、扩展形成主裂纹,同时,附近伴随生长次生裂纹。表观裂纹盐岩的贯通模式主要表现为拉贯通和拉剪贯通,未呈现明显的压贯通等其他贯通模式;受自身结构致密性影响,裂纹贯通路径呈现明显的曲折线。竖向贯通裂纹对盐岩变形模量影响较大,而倾斜裂纹对盐岩变形模量影响相对较小。 相似文献
4.
高地应力区地下岩体工程开挖常形成围岩拉-压应力状态，发生岩体张性破坏灾害。本文针对传统PFC平行黏结模型不能模拟脆性岩石高单轴压缩与拉伸强度比的问题，建立双抗拉强度参数的平行黏结强度准则，开展岩石拉-压数值模拟试验，得到了与物理试验接近的拉-压强度，实现了岩石高压拉强度比的模拟，并深入分析了破坏机制。研究结果表明随着围压的增加，破裂面倾角逐渐增大，由拉伸破裂转化为拉-剪破裂，发现了拉-压应力状态下破裂面处的雁行裂纹。根据细观颗粒位移场揭示了破裂面力学性质，随着围压的增加(破裂面倾角逐渐增大)，破裂面张性逐渐减弱而剪性增强。可将拉-压应力状态下岩石损伤演化过程大致分为弹性变形阶段、稳定破裂发展阶段、不稳定破裂发展阶段和整体破裂阶段(峰后应力跌落及残余阶段)。围压较大时弹性变形和稳定破裂发展阶段相对较短，不稳定破裂发展阶段相对较长较剧烈，峰后残余阶段破裂面摩擦更强、应力波动较大。 相似文献
5.
为研究地铁隧道中软硬互层岩体力学特性及破坏机制,本文首先在乌鲁木齐泥岩、砂岩物理力学参数获取的基础上,对互层岩体物理力学参数进行微观参数标定,然后通过颗粒流数值模拟单轴压缩试验,分析互层岩体层厚、层厚比、岩层倾角作用下互层岩体强度响应规律及裂纹变化。分析结果表明:随着互层岩体层厚的增加,其单轴抗压强度在降低,裂纹数量也在降低,裂纹发展速度加快;随着互层岩体层厚比的增加,其单轴抗压强度在不断降低,在层厚比大于1时单轴抗压强度的变化相对稳定,且层厚比小于0.6时裂纹发展趋势较为快速,层厚比大于0.6时裂纹发展趋势较为缓慢;互层岩体岩层倾角的增加使单轴抗压强度的变化大体呈U字形变化趋势,40°时单轴抗压强度最低,90°时裂纹数量最多,发展趋势最为缓慢;由正交试验分析得出层厚比对单轴抗压强度敏感性最大,并分析得出了最优组合;最优组合为:层厚6 cm、层厚比0.1、岩层倾角0°。 相似文献
6.
Most natural rock masses contain a large number of random joints and fissures, and most of the rock masses at the rock engineering are commonly in both compression and shear stress environment. However, the research on the failure characteristics of complex random jointed rock mass under compressive-shear loading is still limited. To address this gap, this paper uses the particle flow code 2D to establish a discrete fractured rock mass model and carry out a series of numerical tests with different compressive-shear angles (α) and different joint geometric parameters. The effects of compressive-shear angle and joint geometric parameters on the strength and failure characteristics of fractured rock masses are studied. The results indicate that with the increase of α, the peak strength of the specimen decreases gradually, and the failure mode changes from the composite shear failure mode (Mode-I) to a plane shear failure mode (Mode-II) and then to intact shear failure mode (Mode-III). Specifically, the three failure modes occur in the specimens with α?=?15°, 30° or 45°, 60°, respectively. The existence of joints affects stress distribution on rock mass during the loading process. Furthermore, the stress at the joint tip is relatively concentrated, while on both sides of the joint is smaller. Three kinds of crack coalescence patterns are observed: tensile, shear, and tensile-shear mixed coalescence. The inclination angle of the rock bridge between adjacent joints affects the specific type of coalescence.
相似文献7.
裂隙是影响岩石力学特性和破裂模式最重要的因素之一,通过试验、数字照相技术和声发射监测对完整和含不同裂隙倾角 单裂隙、不同岩桥与裂隙夹角 双裂隙充填与非充填类岩石材料巴西圆盘的抗拉强度和破裂模式进行研究,探讨了随着 、 的不断变化和裂隙充填与否对试样最终破坏机制的影响。试验结果表明：（1）随着裂隙倾角 不断增大,单裂隙试样的抗拉强度先减小后增大,然后又减小;预制裂隙尖端萌生的翼裂纹贯通造成试样破坏;（2）双裂隙试样的抗拉强度随着 的增大先减小后增大;预制裂隙尖端萌生的翼裂纹和远场裂纹的扩展导致试样破坏;（3）在 、 相同的情况下,充填试样抗拉强度明显要高于非充填试样;预制裂隙充填与否对试样裂纹扩展的时间和裂纹数目影响较大;（4）加载初期,声发射较为平稳;宏观裂纹出现或者抗拉强度跌落时声发射将会变的异常活跃;在 、 相同的情况下充填试样声发射的起伏变化更为剧烈。 相似文献
8.
为了完善平台巴西劈裂试验测定岩石抗拉强度的理论基础,基于二维弹性理论,建立对弦载荷下的平台巴西劈裂力学模型,采用应力场叠加法求得圆盘内的应力近似解析解。该应力理论解与有限元数值解一致,证明理论求解的合理性。在此基础上,对比研究了平台加载角对圆盘内应力大小及应力集中程度的影响,其结果表明：平台加载角越大,圆盘加载处的应力集中程度和压拉应力比都急剧降低,而圆盘内的拉应力值和拉伸区却只有一定程度减小;过大或过小的平台加载角都不利于平台巴西试样发生中心拉伸劈裂破坏,其最优平台加载角在20°~30°之间。最后,依据Griffith强度破坏准则,推得岩石抗拉强度的理论计算公式,其结果与已有抗拉强度经验公式及试验所得抗拉强度相符较好。 相似文献
9.
基于花岗岩的真三轴强度试验结果和双剪强度理论,考虑岩石在三轴压缩状态下和在三轴伸长状态下不同的强度特性,导出了花岗岩在三轴压缩状态下的 函数关系式和在三轴伸长状态下的 函数关系式,并分别将目前常用的 Gudehus-Arygris、William-Warnke、郑颖人、俞茂宏-刘风羽等角隅模型的屈服强度计算结果与花岗岩的真三轴强度试验结果进行了对比,得出了这些角隅模型能较为准确地预测屈服强度等一些有益的认识。 相似文献
10.
对陕西延安新宝塔山隧道Q2原状黄土进行了不同加载速率的无侧限抗压与贯入抗拉试验,研究了Q2原状黄土抗压与抗拉强度的影响因素。结果表明:加载速率对宝塔山Q2原状黄土抗压和抗拉强度影响较大,抗压强度与抗拉强度随加载速率增大而增大;高径比对抗拉强度也有较大影响,试验时当高径比控制在1.0左右时,高径比对宝塔山Q2原状黄土的抗拉强度影响相对较小,因此采用轴向压裂法测量黄土的抗拉强度时,高径比宜控制在1.0;在试验加载速率范围内,加载速率对宝塔山Q2原状黄土的压拉比影响不大,其压拉比在9.88~13.68范围内变化。 相似文献
11.
12.
Some Fundamental Issues in Dynamic Compression and Tension Tests of Rocks Using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
Feng Dai Sheng Huang Kaiwen Xia Zhuoying Tan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(6):657-666
Accurate characterizations of rock strengths under higher loading rates are crucial in many rock engineering applications. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system has been used to quantify the dynamic compressive strength of rocks using the short cylindrical specimen and the dynamic tensile strength of rocks using the Brazilian disc (BD) specimen. However, SHPB is a standard tool that is suitable for metal testing; there are some fundamental issues that need to be carefully visited in applying SHPB to rock dynamic tests. This paper addresses several such critical issues, including the choice of slenderness ratio of the compressive specimen, the effect of friction between the sample and bars on the measured results of compressive strength, the necessity of dynamic force balance on the dynamic BD test, and the validity of using the standard BD equation in the data reduction. We show that with proper experimental designs that address these issues, the dynamic compressive strength and dynamic tensile strength of rocks measured using SHPB are valid and reliable. 相似文献
13.
为研究片岩的各向异性特征,采用室内三轴压缩试验,获取α=0°、α=45°、α=90° 3种片理倾角试样的应力-应变曲线及强度和变形数据。进一步构建7组片理倾角下的标准圆柱体模型,以室内试验获取的数据为依据,反演材料介质力学参数,利用FLAC3D模拟、探讨了不同片理倾角的片岩破坏模式及抗压强度的片理倾角效应和围压效应。结果表明,三轴压缩条件下,片岩的破坏模式主要分为斜切片理剪切破坏和顺片理剪切滑移破坏,对应的变形破坏的控制结构亦不同。相同围压下,片岩抗压强度随片理倾角呈非对称的"U"字型变化,抗压强度最大值始终位于α=90°,最小值分布在α=45°或α=60°处。围压增大时,对顺片理倾角破坏的片岩强度的增强效应趋于弱化。此外,分析了各向异性岩石抗压强度最大值分布位置的影响因素,发现岩石均匀性程度对各向异性岩石的抗压强度最大值的分布有重要影响,均匀性较差时,最大值位于α=90°;反之,最大值出现于α=0°。 相似文献
14.
An Experimental Study of the Rate Dependence of Tensile Strength Softening of Longyou Sandstone 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
It is well-known that the strengths of sandstones measured under fully saturated conditions are smaller than those measured under nominally dry conditions. This strength softening phenomenon has profound implications to rock engineering. In this work we investigate the tensile strength softening of Longyou sandstone from China. Defining the strength softening factor as the ratio of the strength under nominally dry conditions over that under saturated conditions, the static compressive strength softening factor of Longyou sandstone is close to 2 and the static tensile strength softening factor is about 7.9. To further address the applications, where the load may be dynamic, we examine the rate dependence of the tensile strength softening of this sandstone. The dynamic tensile strength is measured using the split Hopkinson pressure bar system in combination with the Brazilian disc sample geometry. The results show that the tensile strength softening factor decreases with the loading rate. Because the saturated sample shows stronger loading rate sensitivity than the dry sample, the softening factor decreases with the loading rate. 相似文献
15.
为探明库水位周期性升降作用下消落带岩体蠕变损伤机制,基于PFC中的平行黏结模型(parallel bond model, PBM),考虑水-岩作用对黏结的弱化和材料特性随时间的变化,提出水-岩作用下砂岩蠕变的离散元模拟方法,并在室内试验基础上开展水-岩作用下砂岩蠕变模拟。研究结果表明：在破坏应力水平下,试样微裂纹扩展与蠕变应变规律相似,可分为衰减扩展阶段、稳定扩展阶段、加速扩展阶段,且随水-岩作用周期增加,加速扩展阶段的耗时占总耗时的比例增大;试样蠕变破坏时,随水-岩作用周期增加,剪切裂纹占比逐渐增加,微裂纹倾角分布逐渐分散,倾角分布在65°和115°附近的微裂纹逐渐增加,试样的张性破坏减弱,剪性破坏增强;水-岩作用下,试样能储存的最大胶结能不断降低,且储存相同胶结能时对应的应变不断增大,与实际岸坡在水-岩作用下岩体整体承载能力降低、变形增大的规律一致。提出的水-岩作用下砂岩蠕变模拟方法具有较好的可行性,为库岸边坡岩石在库水位升降影响下的模型研究提供理论基础。 相似文献
16.
The production and utilization of coal is based on well-proven and widely used technologies. Fly ash, a coal combustion byproduct,
has potential to produce a composite material with controlled and superior properties. The major challenges with the production
of fly ash are in its huge land coverage, adverse impact on environment etc. It puts pressure on the available land particularly
in a densely populated country like India. In India the ash utilization percentage has not been very encouraging in spite
of many attempts. Stabilization of fly ash is one of the methods to transfer the waste material into a safe construction material.
This investigation is a step in that direction. This paper presents the results of an investigation on compressive strength
and bearing ratio characteristics of surface coal mine overburden material and fly ash mixes stabilized with lime for coal
mine haul road construction. Tests were performed with different percentages of lime (2, 3, 6 and 9%). The effects of lime
content and curing period on the bearing ratio and tensile strength characteristics of the stabilized overburden and fly ash
mixes are highlighted. Unconfined compressive strength test results cured for 7, 28 and 56 days are presented to develop correlation
between different tensile strengths and unconfined compressive strength. Empirical models are developed to estimate bearing
ratio and tensile strength of mine overburden–fly ash–quick lime mixtures from unconfined compressive strength test results. 相似文献
17.
层理弱面对层状岩石的力学特性影响较显著，为了研究层理面特性对岩石断裂力学特性的影响，开展了具有不同层理方向的砂岩试样三点弯试验，探讨了砂岩断裂韧度及断裂模式的各向异性。之后基于有限元中的黏聚单元建立了数值模型，采用数值模拟方法研究了层理面强度对各层理角度试样断裂力学行为的影响规律。结果表明：层理方向影响下砂岩的断裂韧度及模式存在各向异性；同一层理方向试样的断裂韧度随层理面强度的增大而增大，且试样的层理面与加载方向夹角越小，断裂韧度受层理面强度变化影响越明显；试样的断裂模式不仅与层理面强度有关，还受层理倾角的控制，层理面与加载方向夹角θ = 0o试样断裂模式基本不受层理面强度影响，θ = 30o试样主要沿层理面张拉或剪切破坏，且沿层理面的破裂长度随层理面强度的降低逐渐增大；层理面强度较大时，θ = 45o试样主要沿层理面张拉破坏，θ = 60o～90o试样主要以贯穿层理的张拉破坏为主；层理面强度较小时，θ = 45o～90o试样均以沿层理面的剪切破坏为主，其中θ = 45o试样沿层理剪切长度最大。另外，通过数值模拟结果分析了层理面强度及方向对试样的起裂角及裂纹扩展路径产生的影响。该研究成果可作为层状岩石断裂力学理论的有益补充。 相似文献
18.
岩爆是深部高地应力区地下岩体工程中的主要工程地质灾害之一,其发生及烈度预测是一个复杂的不确定系统问题。为了有效预测和判别深部工程岩爆灾害,在总体考虑岩爆各影响因素的基础上,选取地下工程中岩体完整性指数、岩石单轴抗压强度、岩石单轴抗拉强度、围岩最大切向应力、围岩抗压强度与其抗拉强度的比值、围岩切向应力与围岩抗压强度比值、弹性能量指数、岩爆倾向性指数作为岩爆预测的评判指标,提出了一种基于非线性参数优化的RBF-AR岩爆预测模型。在终南山隧道竖井岩爆判别中,利用RBF-AR法进行计算,计算结果与实际情况完全一致,表明该模型在岩爆预测中的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
19.
Mechanical Behaviour of Cyclically Heated Fine Grained Rock 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Y. Mahmutoglu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1998,31(3):169-179
Summary The most vital difference between rock and rock mass are fractures and fissures. They affect the behaviour and strength of
rock masses. According to their origin, size, and shape, rock mass contains several types of weakness planes varying from
microfissure to faults. Other parameters such as underground water, temperature, time and stress state affect the rock's behaviour
in its natural environment. The frequency of discontinuities in fractured rock is one of the basic parameters for reducing
its strength. However it is generally difficult to test undisturbed fractured rock in a laboratory environment. In this study
it was tried to open and loosen the grain boundaries of fine-grained rock specimens by cyclical heating and cooling. This
should serve as a physical simulation of fractures in the rock mass and enables a discussion of the changes in mechanical
behaviour of fractured rock. For this reason, laboratory test specimens of Carrara marble and Buchberger sandstone were used.
The heating cycles were varied from 0 to 16. From the results of uniaxial compression, Brazilian and “Continuous Failure State”
triaxial tests, it was pointed out that all of the mechanical parameters decreased gradually with an increasing number of
heating cycles. Uniaxial compressive strength was reduced to about 50%, while the tensile strength decreased to about 60%
for both types of rock. It was also observed that the variations of strength parameters were higher after the first heating
cycles. As a result of cyclical heating, the slopes of pre-failure and post-failure curves in the stress-strain plane changed
similarly, but the variations of modulus of elasticity were higher than the slopes of the post-failure curves for sandstone.
The ratio between compressive and indirect tensile strength rose to a value of 98 after the last heating cycle. For unheated
specimens of Carrara marble this ratio is 20. The axial strain at the failure point increased suddenly after the first heating
cycle and the failure developed entirely intergranular in cyclically heated specimens. 相似文献
20.
裂隙结构的存在对于工程岩体的强度和稳定性具有重要影响,岩石宏观裂隙的产生源自于微破裂的积累。针对岩体裂隙的粗糙特性,通过Matlab建立考虑粗糙度的节理模型（Roughness Joint Model）,采用简化的正弦曲线来表示粗糙节理,并将其导入到颗粒流试验模型中进行单轴压缩试验。对比完整岩体、直线型裂隙岩体、RJM岩体三者破坏的应力-应变曲线,改变裂隙倾角（与水平方向夹角）α,岩桥倾角β,裂隙密度γ,建立不同裂隙分布的断续节理岩体数值试样,开展一系列数值模拟试验。研究结果发现:（1）裂隙的存在明显降低了岩体的抗压强度,RJM模型峰值强度和峰值应变均高于直线型裂隙岩体;（2）岩体抗压强度总体上随裂隙倾角增大而增加,随裂隙密度增加而减小,但随岩桥倾角的改变呈非线性变化,岩桥倾角45°时峰值强度最低,峰值应变最小;（3）裂隙分布会影响岩体的破裂模式,微裂隙的扩展反映了岩体力学性质的各向异性;（4）不同倾角下增加裂隙密度,岩体强度下降程度不同,倾角75°时密度对强度影响最小,30°和60°时影响最大。 相似文献