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1.
Gary Sands 《GeoJournal》2010,75(6):539-552
Canada’s three large city regions—Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver—have been relatively successful in retaining their Manufacturing
bases, while at the same time adding substantial numbers of New Economy job opportunities. Deindustrialization appears to
have occurred primarily in the Montréal CMA (Census Metropolitan Area) and in some smaller communities where motor vehicle
manufacturing was significant. Growth in New Economy jobs has occurred in the larger CMAs; the smaller urban areas have had
little success in attracting these jobs. For the most part, these trends appear to be path dependent: prosperous communities
with substantial proportions of New Economy jobs are likely to remain prosperous and to attract more such jobs. The lack of
significant correlation between Economic Health and the presence of immigrants, same sex couples, performing and visual artists
suggests that local economic development strategies based on these factors may have limited success. 相似文献
2.
Hsien-Tang Tsai Cheng-Jui Tseng Shian-Yang Tzeng Tung-Ju Wu Jen-der Day 《Natural Hazards》2012,62(1):83-91
Typhoon Morakot hit Taiwan in 2009, severely damaging the Alishan National Forest Recreation Area, a famous tourist resort
in Taiwan. The only highway to this area was under repair for 10 months after the typhoon. Consequently, Alishan’s tourism
industry suffered losses estimated at NT$1 billion. This work investigates the impacts of natural hazards on Taiwan’s tourism
industry. First, government, university, and industry experts were invited to a focus-group interview to update criteria for
tourism development in Taiwan. Next, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to rank the proposed criteria. Last,
two tourist attractions, one urban and one rural, are discussed in detail. This work proposes three novel dimensions for Taiwan’s
tourism development—destination attraction, destination arrangement, and contingency planning for natural hazards—which comprise
nine criteria. Analytical results will provide Taiwan’s tourism industry with references for future policy-making and sustainable
development. 相似文献
3.
B. Yu. Astaf’ev O. A. Levchenkov N. G. Rizvanova O. A. Voinova A. S. Voinov L. K. Levskii A. F. Makeev K. I. Lokhov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2010,18(1):1-15
The geological structure, age, and genesis of sedimentary—volcanogenic, metamorphic, and metasomatic rocks from the Terskii
greenstone belt fringing the southern Imandra—Varzuga structure in the southeastern Kola Peninsula are discussed with defining
main stages in endogenic activity of the region in the Late Archean and Early Proterozoic. The U-Pb method (SHRIMP-II, ID-TIMS,
and Pb-LS techniques) was used to determine the age of volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Imandra Group as well as that of magmatic
and superimposed metamorphic and metasomatic processes. The basic—intermediate metavolcanics of the Imandra Group are dated
at 2.67 Ga, which corresponds to the Lopingian Gimol’skii Superhorizon (Late Archean). The Archean metavolcanics were subjected
to Early Proterozoic regional metamorphism 2.1 Ga ago and metasomatic processes in the period of 1.85 to 1.77 Ga ago. The
obtained data indicate multistage evolution of rock formation in the Terskii greenstone belt located in the southern flank
of the Imandra—Varzuga structure in the Kola Peninsula. 相似文献
4.
Lisa Bhungalia 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):347-357
In September 2007 Israel’s security cabinet approved a ‘hostile entity’ classification for the Gaza Strip and intensified
its economic and diplomatic blockade of this Hamas-controlled region. Taking the ‘hostile entity’ classification as a point
of entry, this paper examines the construction of Gaza as an insurgent zone, a liminal space within which Israel’s executive
discretion has authorizing force. Central to this process, it argues, is a blurring of lines between the civilian and combatant—the
elimination of a purely civilian space. This paper begins with an analysis of the discursive strategies employed to collapse
the space between the civilian body and battlefield in Gaza. It then turns to an examination of socio-spatial practices mobilized
around the ‘hostile entity’ classification, foremost Israel’s sanctions policy, and argues this counter-insurgency strategy
entails regulation and management of the Palestinian body combined with the active subjugation of Palestinian life to the
power of death. Centrally, this paper attends to the relationship between geopolitics and violence at the scale of the (Palestinian)
body. 相似文献
5.
Divergent growth trajectories in China’s chemical industry: the case of the newly developed industrial parks in Shanghai,Nanjing and Ningbo 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the late 1990’s, the “new-economy” industries in China proved to be relatively vulnerable and were strongly hit by the
financial crisis in Asia. As a result, a new economic support policy was introduced in China’s Yangtze Delta region, which
put greater emphasis on the support of traditional industrial sectors, including the chemical industry. This paper investigates
the effects of the growth of this industry, as well as the potential and current problems emerging from new growth paths.
It compares the growth of three newly developed chemical industry parks in Shanghai, Nanjing and Ningbo. The paper is based
on an institutional perspective of clustering processes arguing that regional industrialization is subject to formal and informal
institutions which shape the growth paths and contribute to divergent regional trajectories. Although these industrial parks
all benefit from the general economic upswing in China, their development is influenced by different business models, economic
contexts, goals and strategies, leaving room for divergence and specialization. Due to the existing structure of operations,
these parks have a great deal of potential but also face substantial challenges, such as the establishment of internal networks
and close customer linkages. It is argued that this might limit their innovative capability in the future. Furthermore, their
growth prospects differ depending on future government policies. 相似文献
6.
Nebkha development and its relationship to environmental change in the Alaxa Plateau,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xunming Wang Honglang Xiao Jinchang Li Mingrui Qiang Zhizu Su 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):359-365
Extensive nebkha areas develop mainly under the control of aeolian processes, and their sediments record information on regional
environmental changes during different periods. Such areas have developed on the dry riverbeds and deserted arable lands of
China’s Alaxa Plateau, Taklimakan, and Kumutage deserts. In this paper, we studied nebkhas that had developed in the Heicheng–Juyan
region to determine their CaCO3 contents, particle size distributions, and creation dates. Extensive human activities have occurred in this region since
at least in the late Tang Dynasty (618–907 ad). Although historical records show that most of the region’s rivers dried up around 1372, surface water persisted in some
areas until the early Qing Dynasty (1644–1911 ad). After the 1600s, extensive nebkhas began to develop due to drying of the region’s rivers. The early stages of nebkha development
were controlled by both the sediment supply and the regional wind regime, whereas late stages were controlled primarily by
variations in wind activity. In the Alaxa Plateau, it took about 100 years for arable lands and riverbeds to evolve into gobi
deserts, and during this time, several phases occurred with different levels of wind activity. The land degradation processes
in this region are mainly controlled by surface water resources, and the impact of human activities such as reclamation on
land degradation appear to have been overestimated in previous studies. 相似文献
7.
Lagrangian flow of two rip currents was measured using human drifters to understand how variations in surf zone circulation
affect exit positions of floating swimmers. Based on these results, two escape strategies were assessed, ‘do nothing’ and
‘swim parallel to the beach’. The drifter paths and exit positions were analysed to determine the best escape strategy for
passive swimmers in each scenario. Of the two methods, doing nothing to allow the rip current to take a swimmer is the most
effective strategy. More than 75% of rip current flow scenarios could hinder chances of escape of swimmers if the wrong direction
was chosen to swim parallel to the beach to safety. This is because in many situations a swimmer encounters not only a rip
current flowing offshore but also a longshore current flowing parallel to the beach. The best education campaign for the public,
in addition to only swimming on a patrolled beach, would be to promote the ‘do nothing’ rip current escape strategy, as it
covers all flow scenarios without reducing a swimmer’s chance of survival. 相似文献
8.
Hydrogen penetration in water through porous medium: application to a radioactive waste storage site
Hydrogen penetration in water through porous medium was analyzed in the paper. A two-phase compositional model approach was
considered. The first part of the work deals with the thermodynamic analysis of the hydrogen–water system. The thermodynamic
model was calibrated using the experimental data of hydrogen solubility in water. The phase densities, viscosities and phase
concentrations were presented in an analytical form. Moreover, the domain of validity of analytical laws—such as Henry’s,
Raoult’s and Kelvin’s laws—for the estimation of phase properties was presented for the analyzed system. The second part deals
with two-phase hydrodynamic behaviors. An analytical solution for the non-compressible flow was constructed. In general case,
the influence of relative permeabilities on the flow regimes was analyzed numerically. The notion pseudo-saturation was introduced
to define phase appearance. Actually, mobile gas created a time displaced front relatively slower than mobile gas flow. Diffusion
becomes really important for low mobile gas case as the penetration accelerates for the large range of saturation. In contrast,
the mass exchange phenomena have a small influence on the flow type. Thus, the regimes of hydrogen penetration in liquid were
shown really sensitive to the relative permeability form. 相似文献
9.
Ooi Giok Ling 《GeoJournal》2006,66(3):199-209
The legend of Mahsuri abounds in Malaysian school textbooks. Mahsuri was a beautiful and very charming village maiden who
lived in Pulau Langkawi and was wrongfully put to death in 1819 or the year 1235 hijrab. Accused of adultery by a jealous
member of the royal house, Mahsuri, who was married to the Chief Minister, was sentenced to death together with her alleged
lover, a trader from a place which is now part of Thailand in Phuket. Killed with her own family’s keris (a traditional Malay
sword), Mahsuri put a curse on Pulau Langkawi for seven generations. She swore before her death that there would be no peace
or prosperity on the island for the duration of these seven generations. Mahsuri’s family moved to another village in what
was then the territory of Thailand and finally settled in Phuket, illustrating the cultural and trading links that have existed
in this northern part of Malaysia between the southern parts of Thailand and the states of Perlis and Kedah. Mahsuri’s family
and she appear to have not been allowed to rest in peace since her premature death. Her tomb, which was enshrined by the villagers,
has been relocated several times and the exact location of its whereabouts may not be known. The tombstone itself is now housed
in a museum that has been constructed near to the site where the tomb is believed to be. A huge tourist complex called Kota
Mahsuri is being developed around the site of Mahsuri’s tomb. Pulau Langkawi may be the island paradise lost. Perhaps Mahsuri’s
curse lingers, no matter that seven generations have passed and with them the industries that integration with the global
economy has seen developed, declined and disappeared. Then again, perhaps this is indeed the curse—the quest for prosperity
in a globalizing world and its relentless exploitation of the heritage in strategic parts of Malaysia—both natural and cultural—for
the gains of a few and questionable benefits to the rest. 相似文献
10.
A geophysical and geochemical approach for seawater intrusion assessment in the Acquedolci coastal aquifer (Northern Sicily) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Vertical electrical sounding (VES’) surveys and chemical analyses of groundwater have been executed in the coastal plain of
Acquedolci (Northern Sicily), with the aim to circumscribe seawater intrusion phenomena. This urbanized area is representative
of a more general problem interesting most of Mediterranean littoral areas, where intensive overdraft favors a heavy seawater
intrusion through the coastline. Aquifer resistivity seems decisively to be conditioned by the chlorine and magnesium content
in the main aquifer of the region. Schlumberger VES’, together with piezometric and chemical–physical information of groundwater,
allowed us to perform hydrogeological and geophysical elaborations, to propose the occurrence of a relatively narrow belt
marked by fresh–salt water mixing. In the considered plain, pollution risk studies have been already realized by authors with
the proposal to identify—by parametric and synthetic zoning of significant hydrogeological elements—the most vulnerable sectors.
In detail, an intrinsic vulnerability mapping has been already performed, applying the well-known SINTACS system. This paper
intends to give—in this sector of Sicily—an example of integration of different methodologies, showing the role of geophysics
to describe the degradation of aquifers on the whole as well as to assess their pollution risk better. 相似文献
11.
Xiang Song Guoxian Yang Changzhen Yan Hanchen Duan Guangyue Liu Yanling Zhu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(4):793-801
Research on land use and cover change (LUCC) is an important aspect of the study of global change or global warming. The Qinghai-Tibetan
Plateau is a good place to study global change because of its unique natural conditions, so we chose the source region of
China’s Yellow River for a case study of the driving forces behind LUCC. We used Landsat images obtained in 1989, 2000, and
2005 to establish databases of land use and cover at these times. We then derived LUCC information by overlaying these layers
using GIS software. By studying the processes responsible for LUCC, we analyzed the driving forces, which included climatic
change, human activities, animal and insect damage, and the influences of government policies. During the 16-year study period,
LUCC occurred slowly in response to two groups of processes: natural and anthropogenic. The main driving forces included climate
change (the region is becoming drier and warmer), human activities (especially overgrazing), and animal and insect damage.
Although political measures such as key national projects to improve the ecological environment could help to restore the
region’s vegetation and slow desertification, the region’s fragile ecosystems and harsh natural conditions will make it extremely
difficult to rehabilitate the eco-environment. 相似文献
12.
Systems analysis of the responses of forest trees to air pollutants led to mathematical models which represent the essential
life processes of mature trees (photosynthesis, respiration, growth etc.) under ‘normal’ conditions and — especially — under
pollution strees. Computer simulations using these models have made it possible to test and analyse the consequences of —
known or hypothetical — pollution effects. The simulation runs have led to the identification of three distinct behavioural
modes (growth, stagnation, breakdown) and corresponding stable and unstable system states. The results have produced new insights
and contributed to the understanding of the dieback process of spruce and beech trees. The presentation will concentrate on
the most recent and most complex of the hitherto existing models, theBeech model. 相似文献
13.
The study addresses population dynamics in Ghana on the urban and regional levels between 1984 and 2000. At the urban level,
the development trends are analyzed for urban localities (population above 5,000) on the basis of geo-coded census data. Potential
driving forces for rapid population growth related to size, location, accessibility and facility counts are examined using
bivariate and multivariate analysis. An index of weighted accessibility relative to other urban localities provides significant
explanation at the national level, as does initial locality size. At the regional level, population development is analyzed
to provide insight into the rural–urban relations. The level of urbanization is steadily increasing but varies considerably
between regions. Areas of high population growth are found in some rural areas that have a remote location relative to the
large urban centers. This seems to indicate the existence of ‘frontier’ regions, i.e. areas that experience a high degree
of in-migration by people aiming to undertake specific farming activities. A high proportion of the population growth in these
areas appears to take place in relatively small towns. The paper concludes with a more in-depth discussion of the development
characteristics of Ghana’s Western Region. This region has experienced one of the highest regional population growth rates,
mainly due to its status as a ‘frontier’ for cocoa production.
相似文献
Lasse Moller-JensenEmail: |
14.
In order to explore the consequences of precipitation increase on soil erosion in Uruguay, the monthly Fournier Index (FI) and the annual Modified Fournier Index (MFI) were developed as a preliminary approach, covering consecutive decadal periods from 1931 to 2000. Rainfall data were used
from 13 stations distributed all over the country. MFI shows a decrease in the 1940s, an increase during the 1950s, then a little decrease during the 1960s and 1970s and an increase
in the 1980s, remaining near these last values during the 1990s. FI behavior in July and October in the last two decades shows a decrease in the Northeast region of the country—the region with
highest annual precipitation—and a slight increase over the Southeast—the region with the lowest annual precipitation and
the only region with a winter rainfall maximum. For the core months of winter and early spring there is a decline in erosivity
in the Northeast, but an increase in the Southeast. January shows erosivity decreasing in the South during the last two decades.
In April there is a peak in precipitation variability all across the country. FI shows an early increase during the 1940s in the Northwest, and generally very low values during the 1970s, with the return
of high values in the 1990s, especially in the Northern corner. Results pose a challenge in order to improve research on the
erosion problem, since the main source of freshwater nationwide remains surface river flow, which is prone to higher turbidity
problems in areas of high soil erosion. 相似文献
15.
Hamzah Muzaini 《GeoJournal》2006,66(3):211-222
Despite the salience of the Second World War in paving the way for Singapore to attain formal independent status in 1965,
it was not until the 1990s that war events were inserted into the state’s narratives, and ‘mapped’ onto its spaces as visible
national fodder to bind citizens together. Since then, memoryscapes in many forms have proliferated over the state’s cityscape.
After tracing the genesis of official war commemorative gestures within Singapore, the paper examines the ways in which Singaporeans
have responded to them. Specifically, the paper argues that, while Singaporeans recognize the importance of remembering the
war as nationally significant, this has not translated into any physical attempt or desire—beyond the discursive—to participate
in the state’s commemorative endeavours. In analyzing factors that may have hindered the actual bodily practice of war remembrance in Singapore, nationalized war memoryscapes are also seen as embodying numerous politics due
to tensions arising from a collision between what the state and its people perceive to be ideal means of remembering and representing
the war within national discourses in the context of the present. 相似文献
16.
War on Terror,work in progress: security,surveillance and the configuration of the US workfare state
This paper evaluates the impact of recent shifts in the geopolitical outlook of the United States—specifically the ‘Global
War on Terror’ and its domestic ramifications—on the prior project of reconfiguring the US state to an after-Fordist ‘workfare’
paradigm. In particular, the paper attempts to situate recent developments in the reconfiguration of the American welfare
state within the context of debates over the ‘exceptional’ nature of US politics post-9/11. The extent to which this has had
a bearing on work practices, welfare provision and workfarism is investigated, citing examples from the post-9/11 era. On
the basis of such examples it has been suggested that the project of reconfiguring the US welfare state and labour relations
does overlap and intersect with the emergency practices that the US state has instituted domestically as part of the War on
Terror. However, the reconfiguration of the US welfare state towards a neoliberal or workfarist paradigm is, we argue, largely
part of the ‘normal’ (as opposed to exceptional) fabric of US politics. The project of reconfiguring the US welfare state
is ongoing and largely autonomous (although not entirely removed) from the use of exceptional practices in relation to the
US security state. Investigation of this relationship, we assert, provides a potentially fruitful ‘new direction’ for both
critical geopolitics and political economic geography, and grounds for interaction between the two. 相似文献
17.
Problems associated with tourism development in Southern Africa: The case of Transfrontier Conservation Areas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sanette Ferreira 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):301-310
Tourism in Southern Africa is synonymous with the wildlife safari. In the post-colonial era the establishment of so-called
‘peaceparks’ that straddle the borders of states has come to be seen as a key not only to increasing tourism in the Southern
African region, but also to the modernizing of conservation policies and the development of rural economies. This paper focuses
on the global and continental presence of transfrontier conservation areas, the link between conservation and tourism development,
and the current factors that constrain and influence the realization of an ‘African Dream’ — ‘establishment of the greatest
animal kingdom’. The unstable political situation in Zimbabwe and how this negatively affects wildlife conservation and tourism
in the Gonarezhou part of the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park, serves as a case study.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Sisir K. Mondal 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(4):390-391
News and Notes
National Seminar on Orissa’s Mineral, Environment and Geosciences Assessment — 2011 (OMEGA-2011) and Golden Jubilee of Geological Survey of India, Orissa — M. Mohanty and K. C. Sahoo (Email: manoranjanmoha@gmail.com) 相似文献19.
Pakama Queenscious Siyongwana 《GeoJournal》2009,74(4):293-310
The demise of South African Apartheid Planning in 1994 and subsequent lost of Umtata’s capital status when the Transkei was
subsumed into the new Eastern Cape Province resulted in the major political transformation of the Transkei state. Central
to the post-apartheid transformation was restructuring of Transkei bureaucracy which at the time of South Africa’s independence
in 1994 displayed abnormalities. This paper documents the restructuring of the Transkei bureaucracy focusing on Umtata since
1994. The study has brought to the forefront the following facts: Firstly, that at the time of the Transkei merger into South
Africa, employment in the government was ‘booming’ and to greater extent it was affected by Umtata’s role—being the capital
city of the pseudo-Transkei state. Secondly, the post 1994-political transformation of the Transkei Bantustan impacted negatively
on Umtata’s employment notably the civil service sector by ‘squeezing’ it during the early years of democracy (1994–2000).
Thirdly, since 2001, with Umtata serving as the major urban centre of both King Sabata Local Municipality and OR Tambo District
Municipality, employment in the civil service and municipality has been revitalized. 相似文献
20.
L. N. Andreicheva 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2012,47(3):253-263
Detailed lithological study of tills was carried out at exposures along the Adz’va, Bol’shaya Rogovaya, and Seida rivers—northern
tributaries of the Usa River—in the northeasternmost area of the Timan-Pechora-Vychegoda region. The results of grain size,
mineralogical, and petrographic analyses coupled with measurements of orientation of elongated clasts in tills made it possible
to substantiate the presence of three moraine horizons. Lithological features of the Pechora (Dnieper) and Polyarny (Ostashkovo)
horizons of tills testify to the input of terrigenous material from Novaya Zemlya. The upper (middle Pleistocene) till, which
is also as defined as the Vychegoda (or Moscovian) till, represents clastic material derived from the Polar and Subpolar Urals.
Lithological properties have been defined for the stratification and correlation of tills. A chart of lithological criteria
has been compiled for the subdivision and correlation of middle and upper Pleistocene tills in the Far Northeast of European
Russia. 相似文献