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深水源—汇系统对多尺度气候变化的过程响应与反馈机制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
源—汇系统对多尺度气候变化的响应与反馈是当前深水沉积学研究的前缘和新动向。通过梳理外陆架—深水盆地沉积物搬运分散系统（深水源—汇系统）对从构造尺度到人类尺度气候变化的过程响应,揭示了两种（迟滞和瞬态）深水源—汇系统的过程响应与反馈机制。迟滞响应深水源—汇系统的过渡区较宽、响应尺度较大（Teq≥104年）,有利形成条件为:宽陆架且无峡谷延伸到内陆架以及冰室气候;其沉积物搬运分散过程主要受到可容空间的驱动（吻合经典的Exxon层序地层学理论）。在迟滞响应深水源—汇系统中,构造—轨道尺度的冰室气候期浊流活动较强、形成的沉积体相对富砂,温室气候期浊流活动较弱、形成的沉积响应相对富泥;而亚轨道—人类尺度的气候波动常被快速海平面上升所“淹没”、不能调控深水沉积物搬运分散过程。瞬态响应源—汇系统过渡区较局限、响应尺度较小（Teq≤104年）,有利形成条件有:窄陆架、温室气候、峡谷头部和河口相接或相邻、断陷湖盆以及三角洲越过陆架坡折,其沉积物搬运分散过程对物源供给更为敏感,主要受物源供给驱动（偏离经典的Exxon层序地层学理论）。在瞬态响应深水源—汇系统中,不论是构造—轨道尺度的气候变化还是亚轨道—人类尺度的气候波动,只要其能够诱发物源供给的变化（而不论可容空间是上升还是下降）,都能够对深水源—汇过程响应进行调控。 相似文献
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根据陆相层序地层的自身特点,对其层序界线、层序级别、层序界面等特征进行了分析,并把陆相层序地层分成断陷和坳陷两种盆地层序模式。最后根据层序模式特征阐述了陆相层序地层学在油气勘探开发中的实际意义。 相似文献
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地热系统气体地球化学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地热系统气体地球化学是迅速发展起来的一个新领域。本文综述了有关地热田气体组份来源的研究工作,回顾了气体地热温度计的阶段性发展,提出了气体地热温度计的分类,概述了地热系统气—水—岩石体系化学热力学模拟的意义,报道了应用气体地球化学研究和开发地热田的进展。 相似文献
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Guiseppe Dematteis 《GeoJournal》1997,43(4):331-338
A recent study on the European integration of the Italian urban system shows that globalisation processes do not necessarily separate cities from their regional networks. The most successful cases of recent urban development in Italy are associated with the formation of metropolitan networked regions in which a major metropolitan centre is linked with cities of a lower level by hierarchical, complementary and synergetic relations. The paper examines the result of an analysis carried out on 148 major Italian daily urban systems. It takes into account two sets of indicators: one referring to the supraregional network interactions, measuring the degree of globalisation, and one referring to the proximity interactions inside the regional networks, measuring the degree of regional cohesion. They allow the definition of typologies of urban systems founded on a (normally positive) correlation between supraregional functional openness and regional integration. 相似文献
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陆相盆地坡折带的隐蔽油气藏勘探战略 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文从陆相坡折带的定义和分类入手，阐述了构造坡折带、沉积坡折带和侵蚀坡折带的成因以及对层序，尤其对低水位体系域和隐蔽油气藏的控制和影响。指出陆相坡折带与海相坡折带的区别主要表现在：①坡度不同：陆相盆地受构造作用(包括断裂作用)和短源快速沉积的影响，坡度较陡，碎屑物差异沉积明显。②坡折带特点不同：海相坡折带一般单一稳定，而陆相坡折带具有多级坡折的特点。在此基础上，对渤海湾盆地东营凹陷进行了研究。应用钻、测井及地震等资料，建立了东营凹陷沙三段中部地层的层序地层格架，共分为4个层序，并且每个层序可分为低水位体系域、水进体系域和高水位体系域。建立了储油单元与层序单元(尤其低水位体系域)对应关系。阐述了陆相盆地斜坡带沉积体系域中储集砂体类型和油气成藏机制，从而指导隐蔽油气藏勘探。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地宝岛地区层序地层和砂体展布特征分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以层序地层学理论为基础,通过对地震和测井层序进行分析,在琼东南盆地宝岛地区第三系识别出14个地震层序,并分析了各层序的发育特征.总结了不同体系域砂体类型,对各体系域砂体的空间展布进行了详细分析.并指出有利砂体的分布特征:低水位体系域,砂体主要分布在低水位楔、斜坡扇和盆底扇;高水位体系域,主要分布在三角洲、扇三角洲、海底扇和峡谷水道.研究表明,以层序地层学理论为指导,划分层序和体系域,进而对有利砂体进行预测,对该地区油气勘探有重要指导意义. 相似文献
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沉积体系域类型、特征及石油地质意义 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
不同学者对体系域的分类及体系域界面的划分有不同的理解,甚至在体系域的发育和分布上,不同盆地都会得出不同的研究结论。滨线迁移类型决定了特定沉积趋势下地层单元的外形和堆积模式,即体系域类型。文中把体系域划分为常规体系域和非常规体系域两大类,常规体系域指经典层序地层学中定义的常见体系域,即低位体系域、海侵体系域(或湖侵体系域)和高位体系域,这些体系域与基准面(相对海平面或相对湖平面)变化引起的滨线迁移密切相关。非常规体系域泛指常规体系域以外的与特定沉积环境相关的所有体系域类型,包括冲积扇—河流沉积体系中的高可容空间体系域和低可容空间体系域、缓坡背景下滨浅海的强制海退体系域、大陆架背景下浅海—深海体系的下降期体系域、滨浅海(湖)环境的海退体系域(或湖退体系域)。体系域和基准面关系的可预测性使得层序地层学成为一种寻找盆地内自然资源的极为有效的工具,通过它可以追踪盆地演化不同体系域阶段沉积相的横向变化,帮助认识有经济价值的沉积矿床以及油气储集层、烃源岩和盖层在时间和空间范围内的发育区。这也导致了油气勘探从构造圈闭向复合圈闭和岩性圈闭的转变。 相似文献
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克拉通边缘前陆盆地动力层序地层学 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
通过近几年对层序地层学的深入研究，尤其是对上扬子地台西缘中三叠世拉丁期末和晚三叠世卡尼期周缘前陆盆地层序地层学的研究，提出了动力层序地层学，将边缘前陆盆地由盆缘逆冲断块向克拉通稳定边缘分为Ａ区带和Ｂ区带。 相似文献
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The use of the mid-infrared and thermal bands of sensors on board airborne platforms and satellites permits the detection of active fires on the Earths surface. This application has been available to the fire-fighting community for many years. However, limitations in the fire detection capabilities of the sensors and/or the lack of adequate re-visit frequency have prevented the use of these systems for operational forest fire-fighting. In addition to mobile systems, remote sensors positioned on fixed fire-watch towers have also been used for active fire detection. These instruments are often positioned in strategic look-out places to provide continuous monitoring of the surrounding areas. They locate fires through the detection of either hot spots (areas of increased temperature in comparison to the background) or smoke plumes produced by the fires. This article evaluates the use of existing remote sensing systems for active fire detection, with emphasis on the applicability of these systems for fire emergency management and fire-fighting. Long-range remote sensing devices on board satellites are considered, airborne systems are assessed, and short-range fire detection instruments on fixed ground platforms are reviewed. A short introduction to forthcoming satellite systems, which will be based on the combined use of several small satellites, is presented. The advantages and drawbacks of the different systems are evaluated from a fire management perspective. 相似文献
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北祁连造山带两种构造基底岩块及成矿系统 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
北祁连造山带中存在“南方型”和“北方型”构造基底岩块。“南方型”构造基底岩块和柴达木古陆相似 ,“北方型”构造基底岩块则和华北古陆相似。两种不同的构造基底岩块随着祁连洋的消失而相遇于北祁连造山带 (缝合带 )中。在祁连洋的俯冲过程中 ,形成了不同的成矿系统 ,与“北方型”构造基底岩块有关的成矿系统为加里东期活动大陆边缘成矿系统———白银、清水沟铜及多金属成矿组合 ;与“南方型”构造基底岩块有关的成矿系统为中、新元古代活动大陆边缘弧后裂解成矿系统———镜铁山—柳沟峡铁成矿组合 ,加里东期活动大陆边缘与俯冲作用有关的成矿系统———岩浆热液钨成矿组合及铅锌成矿组合。两种构造基底岩块的确认 ,可为北祁连缝合带的成矿系统的建立及找矿工作 ,提供新的思路 ,也为北祁连造山带性质的认定 ,提供成矿作用信息方面的限制。 相似文献
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Geomagnetic Hazards to Conducting Networks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D. H. Boteler 《Natural Hazards》2003,28(2-3):537-561
Geomagnetic disturbances can disrupt the operation of conductingnetworks, such as power systems, pipelines and communication cables. In power systems,geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) flow to ground through power transformers,disrupting their operation and causing transformer heating, increased reactive power demand,and generating harmonics that can cause relay misoperation. In extreme cases these effectscan lead to power blackouts such as occurred on the Hydro-Québec system during a geomagneticstorm in March 1989 leaving 6 million people without power for 9 hours.Geomagnetic disturbances are the result of eruptions on theSun that send high energy particles streaming out into space. When these particles reach theEarth they interact with the magnetic field, generating currents that flow down into the ionosphere.The most intense currents are associated with the aurora and occur in an east-west bandacross Canada. It is the magnetic field produced by these ionospheric currents that is seen on theground as a magnetic disturbance.Prevention of geomagnetic effects on power systems hasfocussed on blocking the flow of GIC in the system. However, such measures are expensive andmany utilities rely on forecasts of geomagnetic activity to help them operate during disturbances.The Canadian Geomagnetic Forecast Service, operated by Natural Resources Canada,has been in operation since 1974 and now provides long term and short term forecasts for threelatitude regions of Canada.Research is needed on all aspects of the problem; from newinformation about solar eruptions for improving forecasting services; to understanding systemresponse to disturbances. Research on geomagnetic disturbances is conducted by the CanadianGeomagnetic Forecasting Centre and a number of active groups at Canadian universities; whileresearch on geomagnetic effects is conducted by affected industries, often in collaborationwith the forecasting centre. 相似文献
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松辽盆地长岭凹陷隐蔽油气藏勘探研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
应用层序地层学理论, 通过确立各级层序划分标准, 建立了长岭凹陷层序格架, 共划分出8个超层序(二级层序)、35个三级层序.并确定T1, T2为最大水泛面(密集段), T3, T4, T41, T42, Tg为超层序界面.对5个时期的沉积体系进行研究, 指明了沉积体形成机制和时空展布特征, 并研究储集体分布特征和含油性.通过层序格架内油气分布规律研究, 发现长岭凹陷油层主要分布在低位体系域.根据试油结果统计油层在低位体系域达48.2 %, 在水进体系域为26.8%, 在高位体系域为25.0 %.从勘探实用角度出发, 以砂体成因为主线, 结合形态分析, 将工作中见到的岩性圈闭和复合圈闭分为4类: 河道砂体、前积朵叶砂体、断层-岩性、构造-岩性.总结出一套隐蔽油气藏勘探工作方法和流程.最后, 对松辽盆地长岭凹陷隐蔽油气藏分布进行了预测, 并提出勘探部署意见. 相似文献
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Between beds and sequences: stratigraphic organization at intermediate scales in the Quaternary of the Virginia coast, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Donald J. P. Swift Brian S. Parsons† Anthony Foyle‡ George F. Oertel 《Sedimentology》2003,50(1):81-111
ABSTRACT Stratigraphy presupposes a hierarchy of scales of spatial organization supplemented at the small‐scale end by sedimentological concepts (beds, bed sets and bed cosets) and, at larger spatial scales, by sequence‐stratigraphic concepts (systems tracts, parasequences, sequences). Between these two end‐members are intermediate‐scale bodies described as ‘lithofacies’, or simply ‘facies’. A more restricted concept, granulometric facies, can be described in terms of horizontal grain‐size gradients (‘facies change’) and cyclic vertical grain‐size gradients (‘stratification’). Assemblages of facies so defined (also called depositional systems) are not random, but occur in a limited suite of patterns. Such assemblages may be linked to two classes of bounding surfaces, a source diastem (the immediate source of the sediment) and a surface of closure (if preserved), between which is sandwiched a transgressive or regressive, basinward‐fining facies succession. Systems‐bounding surfaces are notably more continuous than internal (gradational) facies boundaries. By thus restricting the definition of a facies assemblage (depositional system), it is possible to describe the Quaternary of the Virginia coast with as few as 12 systems. Depositional systems in the Quaternary of the Virginia coast are allometric, in that any system can be derived from any other by plastic expansion of one or more facies relative to another, or by simple symmetry operations. Self‐similarity prevails across this intermediate scale of stratigraphic organization. Facies assemblages (depositional systems) consist of event beds, which themselves have erosional basal boundaries and internal successions of microfacies. At larger spatial scales, depositional systems are repeated, either autocyclic repetitions forced by processes within the basin of deposition or allocyclic repetitions, as ‘parasequences’ and high‐frequency sequences. In the Virginia Quaternary, systems architecture is compatible with sequence architecture and nests conformably within its framework, but analysis of systems architecture reveals rules beyond those governing sequence architecture. 相似文献