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1.
矩、概率权重矩与线性矩的关系分析 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
本文叙述了矩、概率权重矩与线性矩之间的关系，并以Г分布为例进行分析。线性矩的计算式为概率权重矩的线性组合，两者的计算结果完全相同。概率权重矩和线性矩均与指定的频率分布型式和作为权重的概率有关，结果的敏感性较差。详细分析了计算参数的近似公式及其精度。对水文应用而言，它们的计算结果仅是估计的初值，需经过合理性分析才能取用。 相似文献
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介绍了基于水文气象途径的地区线性矩法的概念,通过基于次序统计量的线性矩进行参数估计与基于水文气象一致区的地区分析法相结合,以太湖流域1d时段的年极值降雨资料为例,进行暴雨频率分析。应用水文气象一致区的判别准则,将太湖流域划分为8个水文气象一致区;综合考虑三种拟合优度检测方法,选择1~8区的最优分布线型分别为:GEV、GLO、GEV、GEV、GNO、GNO、GEV、GNO;根据地区分析法原理,估算各雨量站的暴雨频率设计值。分析表明:太湖流域各重现期下的年极值降雨空间分布形态基本一致,西南山区是太湖流域的暴雨高风险区,应该在地区防洪规划中引起重视。结果表明:地区线性矩法具有很高的学术和实用价值,建议在全国范围内推广,作为防洪规划的顶层设计和基础工作,以满足工程防洪设计、地区防洪规划、山洪预警和城市防涝防洪规划等方面的需求。 相似文献
3.
依据北江(珠江流域支流)流域6个水文测站年最大洪峰流量资料,分别用Top-kriging(拓扑克里格法)和普通克里格法进行区域洪水频率估计。采用均方根误差作为频率分布线型拟合优度指标。运用线性矩法进行单站洪水频率分析,确定10、50、100、1000年一遇设计洪水值。在此基础上,从Topkriging和普通克里格法设计洪水估计不确定性和相对线性矩法单站洪水频率的估计误差两个方面比较Top-kriging和普通克里格法。结果表明:(1)Top-kriging法是更好的线性无偏估计,相比普通克里格法更适合于区域洪水频率估计;(2)Top-kriging法设计洪水估计不确定性明显小于普通克里格法;(3)Top-kriging法设计洪水估计结果更接近线性矩法单站洪水频率分析结果。 相似文献
4.
可考虑历史洪水信息的广义极值分布线性矩法的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在水文及其他行业中广义极值分布(GEV)是一种较为常用的分布线型,包括极值Ⅰ型、极值Ⅱ型和极值Ⅲ型分布.在介绍了该分布线性矩与其参数关系后,给出了有效的可以考虑历史洪水信息的线性矩公式,并对由线性矩推求分布密度函数中k值作了改进.通过统计试验计算分析了线性矩在该分布中的统计性能及历史洪水公式的适用性,并与绝对值准则和平方和准则两种不同优化适线法、矩法作了比较.统计试验表明,改进k值计算后的线性矩法略优于传统线性矩法.从总体上讲,改进k值计算后的线性矩法优于平方和准则适线法及矩法,其参数及设计值的不偏性很好,与绝对值准则适线法总体上相当. 相似文献
5.
线性矩法估计参数的保证修正值系数B的推求 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在设计洪水的抽样误差估计中,采用保证修正值系数B方法估计均方差简单易用。应用线性矩法估计频率分布曲线的参数,有较好的无偏性和有效性,具有一定的应用前景。目前线性矩法的B值诺模图尚未确定,给用线性矩法确定参数时估计抽样误差带来了难度与不便。采用统计试验,分析了离差系数、偏态系数和样本长度对B值的影响,结果表明线性矩法估计参数时仍可采用保证修正值系数B值诺模图方法来估计抽样误差,并推求了不同偏态系数、设计频率情形下的B值,制成了线性矩法的B值诺模图备用。 相似文献
6.
极值分布和P-III型分布线性矩法在区域洪水频率分析中的检验 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
以江西省和福建省的86个水文站的年最大洪水资料为样本,在成因水文分区———模糊聚类法的基础上,采用线性矩区域综合方法进行区域洪水频率分析,并选用两种区域洪水分布线型:通用极值分布(GEV)、P-III型分布来检验这两省的洪水特性。结果表明,P-III型分布优于GEV分布。 相似文献
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极值分布和P-Ⅲ型分布线性矩法在区域洪水频率分析中的检验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以江西省和福建省的86个水文站的年最大洪水资料为样本，在成因水文分区--模糊聚类法的基础上，采用线性矩区域综合方法进行区域洪水频率分析，并选用两种区域洪水分布线型：通用极值分布（GEV）、P-Ⅲ型分布来检验这两省的洪水特性。结果表明，P-Ⅲ型分布优于GEV分布。 相似文献
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一、前言我国自五十年代以来,主要使用P-Ⅲ型作为水文频率计算的线型。近年来,特别对西北、华北等干旱地区若干测站的暴雨洪水资料.P-Ⅲ型拟合效果不太好的实例屡见不鲜.于是线型选择问题再次被提出. 考查水文要素频率分布线型,最好是从物 相似文献
11.
《Atmósfera》2014,27(4):411-427
Daily extreme precipitation values are among environmental events with the most disastrous consequences for human society. Information on the magnitudes and frequencies of extreme precipitations is essential for sustainable water resources management, planning for weather-related emergencies, and design of hydraulic structures. In the present study, regional frequency analysis of maximum daily rainfalls was investigated for Golestan province located in the northeastern Iran. This study aimed to find appropriate regional frequency distributions for maximum daily rainfalls and predict the return values of extreme rainfall events (design rainfall depths) for the future. L-moment regionalization procedures coupled with an index rainfall method were applied to maximum rainfall records of 47 stations across the study area. Due to complex geographic and hydro-climatological characteristics of the region, an important research issue focused on breaking down the large area into homogeneous and coherent sub-regions. The study area was divided into five homogeneous regions, based on the cluster analysis of site characteristics and tests for the regional homogeneity. The goodness-of-fit results indicated that the best fitting distribution is different for individual homogeneous regions. The difference may be a result of the distinctive climatic and geographic conditions. The estimated regional quantiles and their accuracy measures produced by Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the estimation uncertainty as measured by the RMSE values and 90% error bounds is relatively low when return periods are less than 100 years. But, for higher return periods, rainfall estimates should be treated with caution. More station years, either from longer records or more stations in the regions, would be required for rainfall estimates above T=100 years. It was found from the analyses that, the index rainfall (at-site average maximum rainfall) can be estimated reasonably well as a function of mean annual precipitation in Golestan province. Index rainfalls combined with the regional growth curves, can be used to estimate design rainfalls at ungauged sites. Overall, it was found that cluster analysis together with the L-moments based regional frequency analysis technique could be applied successfully in deriving design rainfall estimates for northeastern Iran. The approach utilized in this study and the findings are of great scientific and practical merit, particularly for the purpose of planning for weather-related emergencies and design of hydraulic engineering structures. 相似文献
12.
全球气候变化背景下,极端水文气象事件发生的频率和强度都受到了直接影响,研究气候变化对极端水文气象事件的影响对防灾减灾和工程设计等至关重要.采用了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第四次评估报告中给出的A1B、A2和B1三种温室气体排放情景,选用大气环流模式Had-CM3,利用随机天气发生器LARS-WG生成逐日气象资料,结合P-Ⅲ型曲线和线性矩方法分析计算了钱塘江流域21世纪中叶的设计暴雨情况.结果表明:LARS-WG天气发生器在钱塘江流域有较好的模拟效果;在A1B和B1情景下,钱塘江流域各站点不同重现期下的设计暴雨值基本呈增大趋势,其中A1B情景下杭州站百年一遇的设计暴雨值为209.14mm,比基准期增大11.0％. 相似文献
13.
地区线性矩法(Regional L-moments Analysis,RLMA)是目前最先进的频率估算方法之一,自20世纪90年代起被广泛应用于美国及其他一些国家的防洪设计标准的分析计算中;我国近年也在太湖流域暴雨频率分析中成功地采用推广了这一水文气象途径的频率计算方法,积累了实际经验。但是,由于地面雨量站点有限、资料长度有限以及站点空间分布的不均匀等问题,研究区中相邻水文气象一致区之间暴雨频率估算值会出现空间不连续性的现象,这个空间不一致的问题尚没有得到合理的解决。在简要介绍地区线性矩法推求频率估计值的基础上,着重讨论并介绍一种概念清楚、简单易操作的基于空间往返二次内插的校正方法,来解决频率估算值空间不连续的问题。这种空间内插平差主要通过构造一个与研究区实测站点控制面积相应分辨率的虚拟网格站网来实现。研究结果表明,经过平差后校正的研究区内各站点的频率估计值的经验频率与理论概率更加接近,频率估计值的空间分布也更加合理。 相似文献
14.
A study on selection of probability distributions for at-site flood frequency analysis in Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ayesha S. Rahman Ataur Rahman Mohammad A. Zaman Khaled Haddad Amimul Ahsan Monzur Imteaz 《Natural Hazards》2013,69(3):1803-1813
The most direct method of design flood estimation is at-site flood frequency analysis, which relies on a relatively long period of recorded streamflow data at a given site. Selection of an appropriate probability distribution and associated parameter estimation procedure is of prime importance in at-site flood frequency analysis. The choice of the probability distribution for a given application is generally made arbitrarily as there is no sound physical basis to justify the selection. In this study, an attempt is made to investigate the suitability of as many as fifteen different probability distributions and three parameter estimation methods based on a large Australian annual maximum flood data set. A total of four goodness-of-fit tests are adopted, i.e., the Akaike information criterion, the Bayesian information criterion, Anderson–Darling test, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, to identify the best-fit probability distributions. Furthermore, the L-moments ratio diagram is used to make a visual assessment of the alternative distributions. It has been found that a single distribution cannot be specified as the best-fit distribution for all the Australian states as it was recommended in the Australian rainfall and runoff 1987. The log-Pearson 3, generalized extreme value, and generalized Pareto distributions have been identified as the top three best-fit distributions. It is thus recommended that these three distributions should be compared as a minimum in practical applications when making the final selection of the best-fit probability distribution in a given application in Australia. 相似文献
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精确计算设计洪水值对水利水电工程规划设计至关重要,其关键问题之一是选择合适的分布函数。目前多数研究仅选取单一的频率分布线型进行洪水频率分析,其设计洪水结果具有较大的不确定性。研究引入一种新的广义分布函数,即第二类beta分布(Generalized beta distribution of the second kind,GB2),进行洪水频率分析。该四参数分布具有较好的灵活性,基本可拟合任何偏度和峰度的曲线。采用最大熵原理推求分布函数的参数。研究利用科罗拉多河流域数据检验广义第二类beta分布函数的拟合效果,并将所提分布与水文中的其它传统分布进行比较分析。结果表明:四参数的广义第二类beta分布非常适于水文频率分析,其拟合效果基本优于水文中的其它传统分布。 相似文献
16.
城市设计暴雨频率计算问题 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
城市设计暴雨,具有历时短、设计标准较低的特点,与常用的频率计算方法不尽相同。简述了暴雨系列的取样问题;改正了与经验频率有关的计算公式;提出以经验适线法来拟合暴雨系列呈反Ｓ形的分布;比较了推求设计暴雨的几种方法,认为超定量综合法有偏于安全的结果;列述了我国一些城市的暴雨强度公式,其中的参数无一定的规律性,期望进一步工作,在点面上进行协调。 相似文献
17.
Ayman Georges Awadallah Abdelrahman Younis Elsayed Ahmed Mohammed Abdelbaky 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(20):456
The temporal distribution of the design storm is an important input in hydrological models. This research aims to develop design storm profiles representative of arid and hyper-arid areas based on actual storm recordings. Two hundred thirty-six rainfall storms were collected from seventeen rainfall gauges that cover the coastal zone of Oman for the period from 1993 to 2007. Storms were classified into four categories according to their total durations. Design storm hyetographs were derived from raw rainfall records for all four categories using the Alternating Block Method (ABM) and were also computed by ABM applied on the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. Both design storm profiles were compared and it was found that the ABM_IDF storm profiles were equivalent to the four ABM_Storms profiles from a practical point of view as they produce similar peak discharges. The storm profiles developed in the current research were also compared to the commonly used Soil Conservation Service (SCS) dimensionless distributions and the UK50 storm profiles. The results showed that the most conservative commonly used SCS type II and the UK50 summer profiles are not safe to be used in design purposes in arid and hyper arid regions, despite their wide utilization in many codes of practice in these regions. The study recommends using the newly developed dimensionless storm profiles derived from the actual records. 相似文献
18.
城市设计暴雨频率曲线线型的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市排水规划需有一定设计标准的暴雨值,这类设计暴雨的特点是历时短、设计标准不高和统计分布呈反S形。提出了用两端有限对数正态分布和广义指数分布作为频率曲线线型进行计算,可避免用Γ分布适线欠佳的缺点。通过实例,发现采用这两类分布,计算简便,能获得适线较好的结果。 相似文献