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1.
澳大利亚拉克兰造山带(又称拉克兰褶皱带,简称LFB)由强烈变形的寒武纪—泥盆纪深海沉积岩、燧石和基性火山岩,以及更年轻的盖层所构成,其造山过程表现为澳大利亚板块向东南方向不断增生的过程。该造山带的长期演化,形成了以维多利亚金矿省为典型代表的造山型金矿床及其它类型的多金属矿床,本质上这些矿床的形成与特殊的成矿地质条件密切相关。对该区相关文献进行分析和总结,提炼出拉克兰造山带金及多金属矿床的主要地质特征,划分出5种主要矿化类型:造山型金矿、花岗岩中细脉浸染型钨—锡矿、斑岩型铜—金矿、火山喷流铜—锌—金硫化物矿床、产于断陷盆地沉积岩中的铜—铅—锌—金矿。5种矿化类型各具特色,空间上有规律性地分布。 相似文献
2.
东北非金矿的矿床类型、成矿条件与努比亚地盾演化密切相关。努比亚地盾金矿类型,按成因可分为两大类:一类是与造山带有关的韧性剪切带金矿,即造山型金矿;另一类是弧-弧拼合过程中形成的火山成因块状硫化物金矿,即VMS型铜-金矿。受韧性剪切带控制的造山型金矿形成于闭合-碰撞造山阶段,与弧-弧碰撞缝合带展布方向一致的北东向韧性剪切带为造山型金矿的主要控矿构造,该类型矿床规模以中小型为主。沿韧性剪切带成带分布的火山成因块状硫化物(VMS型)金矿床形成于洋壳俯冲-岛弧的形成阶段,其形成环境为岛弧裂谷或弧后裂谷环境,矿床规模以大型为主,成群分布于5个矿集区内。本文总结了该地区造山带型和VMS型金矿的主要特征,并依此提出在该地区寻找此两种类型金矿的找矿标志。 相似文献
3.
湖北银洞沟矿床是中国为数不多的较为典型的大型银矿床。文中系统总结了该矿床的地质特征,初步提出了矿床的成因类型。研究结果表明:银洞沟矿床产于秦岭造山带东南部武当群变质火山岩中,矿体受韧性剪切带控制,矿石类型主要为石英脉型和少量蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变矿物组合主要为石英、铁白云石、白云母、钠长石、绿泥石、黄铁矿等,成矿流体特征为低盐度、低密度、富含CO2±CH4±N2的水溶液,矿床上部为低品位银金矿体,中部为高品位银金矿体和少量铅锌矿体,深部银品位降低,金品位增高,同时出现较厚大铅锌矿体。其地质特征与典型的造山型矿床一致,表明其为一造山型银矿床,矿床矿化分带符合造山型矿床成矿模式——地壳连续模型,因此应该充分重视寻找矿山深部金、铅、锌、铜、钼等接替资源。 相似文献
4.
造山型金矿床是世界上最重要的金矿类型之一。非洲东南部地区发育有大规模的该类型矿床,因此对该地区造山型金矿床的研究具有重要意义。本文通过对非洲东南部地区大地构造格架及演化、造山型金矿床的时空分布、成矿环境及矿床地质特征的总结整理,并结合对该地区典型造山型金矿床的剖析,认为该地区造山型金矿的形成与克拉通及克拉通之间造山带的演化密切相关,空间上主要分布在各克拉通内的绿岩带及克拉通之间造山带内,时间上主要集中于3.20~3.00、2.70~2.55和2.10~1.80 Ga 3个时期。在此基础上,对非洲东南部地区划分出基巴拉、乌本迪、泛非、林波波4个主要的造山型金矿成矿潜力区。 相似文献
5.
博洛(Boroo)金矿是蒙古国发现的首个岩金矿床,同时也是该国开采规模与黄金产量最大的金矿。该矿矿体主要产于博洛近水平断裂带内,整个矿化带(Au异常≥100×10~(-9))长度超过2000m,宽度400m,局部厚度达100m,主要围岩为博洛花岗杂岩、变质沉积岩等。矿床主要矿化类型有金-硫化物、金-石英脉型矿化2种,与中国典型超大型造山型金山金矿具有较多相似点,判定其为造山型金矿。距博洛金矿35km处产出同类型且储量相近的大型金矿—盖特苏尔特(Gatsuurt)。在已有研究的基础上,从产出环境、地质特征、矿床成因等方面对其进行了介绍和总结,并在矿床邻区内划定3个找矿战略靶区,这对中国企业在蒙古寻找同类型金矿具有指导意义。 相似文献
6.
华北大陆边缘造山过程与成矿研究的重要进展和问题 总被引：62，自引：37，他引：25
本文简要总结了国家973计划项目"华北大陆边缘造山过程与成矿"前4年取得的重要进展,包括提出了镁铁质岩石容矿的热液铜镍一贵金属矿床、浅成作用的概念,将热液成矿系统分为岩浆热液、变质热液和浅成热液三大系列;基于一批造山型银、铅锌、铜、钼等矿床的发现或识别,将造山金矿的概念和成矿分带模式拓展为造山型矿床;确定华北克拉通南缘和北缘均发生了印支期成矿事件,尤其是浆控高温热液型钼矿床;发现大陆内部浆控高温热液成矿系统以富CO_2、富钾、富氟为特征,不同于岛弧区同类矿床;挤压造山带的卡林型-类卡林型金矿成矿系统也以含CO_2-H_2O包裹体而区别于弧后盆岭省的同类成矿系统;发现中央造山带和中亚造山带在成矿类型、优势矿种等方面差异显著,缘于它们分别经历了弱增生-强碰撞和强增生-弱碰撞的造山作用;确定华北陆块及其陆缘造山带东部在燕山期大规模成矿,自西向东成矿年龄梯级变新,优势成矿类型和矿种不同,缘于太平洋板块作用叠合于造山带自身的演化;发现碰撞前的热液成矿系统均或多或少地遭受改造,甚至活化、再就位成另类矿床;在秦岭造山带新发现了1.9Ga和1.75Ga浆控热液钼矿床以及430Ma的造山型银金钼矿床,在兴蒙造山带新发现了泥盆纪造山型铜金矿床,据此预测了前中生代矿床的找矿潜力;提出矿床是地球动力学研究的探针,厘定秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带在120Ma之后的隆升剥蚀幅度总体小于10km,平均每年0.04mm,快速隆升剥蚀只能发生在130Ma之前;初步厘定古亚洲洋沿索伦-延吉缝合带自西向东闭合于260～250Ma,古特提斯洋北支最终闭合于220Ma;揭示华北克拉通对于Kenor、Columbia、Rodinia、Gondwana和Pangea超大陆事件均有响应,发现了拉马甘迪(Lomagundi)事件的碳同位素正向漂移现象,确定孔兹岩系主要形成于2.3Ga以后.提出急需加强研究的重要科学问题是大陆碰撞造山事件的起止时限和标志,前中生代成矿系统的识别和预测,燕山期大规模成矿的区域规律性和差异性,构造域叠合-转化过程的细节和机理. 相似文献
7.
赋存在石墨片岩和大理岩内的山西中条山沉积岩容矿型铜钴矿床,其矿化类型为细脉浸染状和热液脉状,与中非铜矿带的钴矿床非常相似。本文以关键金属钴作为主要研究对象,综述了中条山矿集区钴矿成因研究近年来取得的重要进展。获得以下主要认识：(1)钴富集形成热液脉状矿化发生在造山抬升阶段,时间为～1.82Ga,而不是在沉积成岩阶段直接富集成矿;(2)黄铁矿原位Fe-S同位素揭示硫化有机质页岩是钴成矿的重要矿源层;(3)蒸发岩在造山作用过程中形成的高温、高盐、强氧化性流体是钴释放-迁移的关键介质;(4)热液白云石化导致流体pH升高和石墨片岩“褪色”反应导致流体氧逸度降低促进含钴硫化物的沉淀。基于上述认识,建立沉积-变质两阶段钴富集过程模型解释赋存在变沉积岩内的钴矿成因,它不同于经典的沉积岩容矿型层状铜钴矿床成矿模型。 相似文献
8.
造山型金矿床具有重要的经济价值,其成矿理论研究对金矿勘查和矿床学学科发展具有重要意义。华夏地块是我国重要的钨- 锡- 银- 铅- 锌多金属成矿带,近年来在华夏地块的变质地体中发现数十处造山型金矿床和矿化点,为该区的成矿理论研究提供了新的课题。较之区域钨锡等多金属矿床的研究程度,造山型金矿床成矿作用研究较为薄弱,尚未进行系统的成矿作用和成因机制总结。华夏地块内发育的造山型金矿床主要包括东华夏武夷山地区的双旗山和何宝山金矿,西华夏云开地区的河台与海南岛的抱伦金矿等。本文重点对上述四个典型矿床的地质- 地球化学特征、成矿时代、成矿流体和成矿物质来源等方面已有数据和文献资料进行系统的归纳总结,以期阐明华夏地块造山型金矿床的时空分布规律、成矿机制和地球动力学背景。研究发现,华夏地块造山型金矿床主要发育浸染状与石英- 硫化物型矿化,金矿体主要赋存于前寒武纪变质地体中,受脆- 韧性剪切带控制。成矿流体为H2O- CO2- NaCl±CH4±N2体系,主成矿阶段成矿温度集中于220~280℃,成矿流体可能具有变质、地幔或岩浆热液来源;而流体不混溶、热液体系氧逸度升高和铋熔体捕获是金沉淀的重要机制。华夏地块存在加里东期、印支期和燕山期三期造山型金成矿事件,分别对应陆内造山、古太平洋板块俯冲及后撤的地球动力学背景。 相似文献
9.
造山型金矿形成于汇聚板块边缘,俯冲增生或碰撞造山体制,是现代矿床学研究的热点之一。西准噶尔地区有几十个造山型金矿,但其究竟形成在洋壳俯冲增生造山过程还是洋盆闭合后的碰撞造山过程,尚不清楚。本文系统总结了西准噶尔地区造山型金矿的时空分布及地质、地球化学特征,发现它们主要赋存于达拉布特断裂西北侧,可分为安齐(包括哈图金矿)和萨尔托海(包括萨Ⅰ金矿)两个成矿带;成矿作用受控于达拉布特走滑断裂引发的区域变质变形事件,矿体主要赋存于中晚石炭世变质火山沉积岩或蛇绿岩中,发育NaCl—H_2O—CO_(2 )±CH_(4 )±N_2流体包裹体体系,成矿温度为170～380℃,成矿流体主要为变质热液,晚期为大气降水热液;成矿同位素年龄为271～300 Ma,已有资料显示西准噶尔地区存在多期次俯冲增生作用,并于晚石炭世—早二叠世消减完毕。而造山型金矿广泛发育的达拉布特西北侧古洋盆闭合于308～328 Ma,此后为大陆碰撞造山体制,因此西准噶尔造山型金矿形成于大陆碰撞造山体制,适合于碰撞造山成岩成矿和流体作用模式。晚石炭世—早二叠世,达拉布特地区陆—陆或弧陆碰撞过程中,大规模的韧脆性剪切变形及区域变质事件导致地层及围岩中不稳定组分发生变质活化,形成含矿变质流体,流体向上运移至韧—脆性转换带内形成了西准噶尔造山型金矿成矿系统。 相似文献
10.
三江特提斯叠加成矿作用样式及过程 总被引：78，自引：64，他引：14
三江地区经历了特提斯洋的多期洋-陆俯冲和新生代以来的陆-陆碰撞;成矿主要集中在大洋生长与俯冲造山阶段以及碰撞造山主碰撞向晚碰撞的转换阶段,控制了区域喜马拉雅期斑岩型铜金矿带、沉积岩容矿型铅锌多金属矿带与造山型金矿带等。在不同时期构造环境作用下,在矿田与矿床范围内形成了复杂多样的叠加成矿作用。叠加成矿作用可划分为3种类型及9种方式:(1)VMS-岩浆热液叠加型。包括喜马拉雅期岩浆热液型矿体叠加海西期-燕山期"VMS型"矿体(老厂式Pb-Zn-Mo矿床和鲁春式Cu-Pb-Zn矿床),印支/燕山期岩浆热液型矿体叠加海西期VMS型矿体的羊拉式Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn矿床;(2)沉积-热液叠加型。包括喜马拉雅期岩浆热液型矿体叠加燕山期沉积矿源层的白秧坪式Cu-Pb-Zn矿床,喜马拉雅期建造热液型Ge矿体叠加沉积煤层的大寨/中寨式Ge矿床,燕山期岩浆热液叠加加里东期分水岭式Fe-Cu矿床;(3)多期热液叠加型。主要为喜马拉雅期与印支期两期叠加成矿作用的老王寨床式Au矿床,燕山期叠加印支期普朗-红山式Cu矿床,喜马拉雅期多期次叠加的金满Cu矿床。叠加成矿作用增加矿床的资源储量,丰富了矿种类型;但是现在仅有部分年代学与矿田-矿床尺度地质现象的某些证据,叠加矿床的矿体-矿石结构特征、形成条件与地球化学及矿物学约束仍有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
11.
Pb isotope fingerprinting of mesothermal gold deposits from central Victoria, Australia: implications for ore genesis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
New Pb isotope data from three major mesothermal lode gold deposits (Ballarat West, Tarnagulla, Maldon) in central Victoria
support a model whereby the metals derived from a large reservoir with a long residence time in the crust below the Palaeozoic
Lachlan Fold Belt. The Pb isotopic ratios of least radiogenic samples from these deposits are in close agreement with published
Pb signatures for turbidite-hosted gold deposits, and for Devonian granites, elsewhere in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Despite their
spatial distribution and variations in the geological setting, the Pb signatures point to the extraction and transport of
metals from a crustal source area by long-lasting, large-scale hydrothermal systems, resulting in the prominent homogenisation
of Pb isotopic ratios. The enduring interaction between large hydrothermal systems and an extensive crustal source reservoir
were a vital pre-requisite in the formation of the Victorian gold province. In this regard, the prospectivity of Victoria
is analogous to world-class ore provinces elsewhere, such as the Archaean Yilgarn Block in Western Australia.
Received: 10 February 1998 / Accepted: 28 April 1998 相似文献
12.
“煌斑岩”与金矿的实际观察与理论评述 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
新的分析资料和研究表明,Ｒｏｃｋ等人提出的煌斑岩中温热液金矿成因模式在理论上和实际上都存在明显的问题,根据金和铂族元素,铜等元素的地球化学相关性,可以鉴别出绝大多数金异常高的煌斑岩类岩石受到次生蚀变和金富集作用。一些钾玄岩类岩石与中温热液金矿时空上的密切共生,是由于两者形成的构造环境相同,扩大“煌斑岩”这个术语的运用及其所包含的岩石类型,容易造成岩石学分类的混乱,并给岩石学和经济地质学研究带来困扰 相似文献
13.
The northwestern corner of New South Wales consists of the paratectonic Late Proterozoic to Early Cambrian Adelaide Fold Belt and older rocks, which represent basement inliers in this fold belt. The rest of the state is built by the composite Late Proterozoic to Triassic Tasman Fold Belt System or Tasmanides.In New South Wales the Tasman Fold Belt System includes three fold belts: (1) the Late Proterozoic to Early Palaeozoic Kanmantoo Fold Belt; (2) the Early to Middle Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt; and (3) the Early Palaeozoic to Triassic New England Fold Belt. The Late Palaeozoic to Triassic Sydney—Bowen Basin represents the foredeep of the New England Fold Belt.The Tasmanides developed in an active plate margin setting through the interaction of East Gondwanaland with the Ur-(Precambrian) and Palaeo-Pacific plates. The Tasmanides are characterized by a polyphase terrane accretion history: during the Late Proterozoic to Triassic the Tasmanides experienced three major episodes of terrane dispersal (Late Proterozoic—Cambrian, Silurian—Devonian, and Late Carboniferous—Permian) and six terrane accretionary events (Cambrian—Ordovician, Late Ordovician—Early Silurian, Middle Devonian, Carboniferous, Middle-Late Permian, and Triassic). The individual fold belts resulted from one or more accretionary events.The Kanmantoo Fold Belt has a very restricted range of mineralization and is characterized by stratabound copper deposits, whereas the Lachlan and New England Fold Belts have a great variety of metallogenic environments associated with both accretionary and dispersive tectonic episodes.The earliest deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt are stratabound Cu and Mn deposits of Cambro-Ordovician age. In the Ordovician Cu deposits were formed in a volcanic are. In the Silurian porphyry Cu---Au deposits were formed during the late stages of development of the same volcanic are. Post-accretionary porphyry Cu---Au deposits were emplaced in the Early Devonian on the sites of the accreted volcanic arc. In the Middle to Late Silurian and Early Devonian a large number of base metal deposits originated as a result of rifting and felsic volcanism. In the Silurian and Early Devonian numerous Sn---W, Mo and base metal—Au granitoid related deposits were formed. A younger group of Mo---W and Sn deposits resulted from Early—Middle Carboniferous granitic plutonism in the eastern part of the Lachlan Fold Belt. In the Middle Devonian epithermal Au was associated with rifting and bimodal volcanism in the extreme eastern part of the Lachlan Fold Belt.In the New England Fold Belt pre-accretionary deposits comprise stratabound Cu and Mn deposits (pre-Early Devonian): stratabound Cu and Mn and ?exhalite Au deposits (Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous); and stratabound Cu, exhalite Au, and quartz—magnetite (?Late Carboniferous). S-type magmatism in the Late Carboniferous—Early Permian was responsible for vein Sn and possibly Au---As---Ag---Sb deposits. Volcanogenic base metals, when compared with the Lachlan Fold Belt, are only poorly represented, and were formed in the Early Permian. The metallogenesis of the New England Fold Belt is dominated by granitoid-related mineralization of Middle Permian to Triassic age, including Sn---W, Mo---W, and Au---Ag---As Sb deposits. Also in the Middle Permian epithermal Au---Ag mineralization was developed. During the above period of post-orogenic magmatism sizeable metahydrothermal Sb---Au(---W) and Au deposits were emplaced in major fracture and shear zones in central and eastern New England. The occurrence of antimony provides an additional distinguishing factor between the New England and Lachlan Fold Belts. In the New England Fold Belt antimony deposits are abundant whereas they are rare in the Lachlan Fold Belt. This may suggest fundamental crustal differences. 相似文献
14.
In the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia, major orogenic gold and porphyry gold–copper deposits formed simultaneously
within distinct tectonic settings during a very short time interval at ca. 440 Ma. The driving mechanism that controlled the
temporal coincidence of these deposits remains largely unexplained. A review of contemporaneous metallogenic, tectonic, magmatic
and sedimentological events in central and eastern Australia reveals that a change in subduction dynamics along the Australian
sector of the Early Palaeozoic circum–Gondwana mega-subduction system could have influenced lithospheric stress conditions
far inboard of the subduction margin. The magnitude of ore formation and the spatial extent of related events are proposed
in this paper to have been controlled by the interplay of mantle processes and lithospheric changes that followed slab break-off
along a portion of the mega-subduction system surrounding Gondwana at that time. Slab break-off after subduction lock-up caused
mantle upwelling that, in turn, provided an instantaneous heat supply for magmatic and hydrothermal events. Coincident reorganisation
of lithospheric stress conditions far inboard of the proto-Pacific margin of Australia controlled reactivation of deep-lithospheric
fault structures. These fault systems provided a pathway for fluids and heat fuelled by mantle upwelling into the upper lithosphere
and caused the deposition of ~440 Ma gold deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt, as well as a range of metallogenic, tectonic
and sedimentary changes elsewhere in central and eastern Australia. 相似文献
15.
J. McL. Miller D. Phillips C. J. L. Wilson L. J. Dugdale 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):921-940
40Ar/39Ar age data from the boundary between the Delamerian and Lachlan Fold Belts identify the Moornambool Metamorphic Complex as a Cambrian metamorphic belt in the western Stawell Zone of the Palaeozoic Tasmanide System of southeastern Australia. A reworked orogenic zone exists between the Lachlan and Delamerian Fold Belts that contains the eastern section of the Cambrian Delamerian Fold Belt and the western limit of orogenesis associated with the formation of an Ordovician to Silurian accretionary wedge (Lachlan Fold Belt). Delamerian thrusting is craton-verging and occurred at the same time as the final consolidation of Gondwana. 40Ar/39Ar age data indicate rapid cooling of the Moornambool Metamorphic Complex at about 500 Ma at a rate of 20 – 30°C per million years, temporally associated with calc-alkaline volcanism followed by clastic sedimentation. Extension in the overriding plate of a subduction zone is interpreted to have exhumed the metamorphic rocks within the Moornambool Metamorphic Complex. The Delamerian system varies from a high geothermal gradient with syntectonic plutonism in the west to lower geothermal gradients in the east (no syntectonic plutonism). This metamorphic zonation is consistent with a west-dipping subduction zone. Contrary to some previous models involving a reversal in subduction polarity, the Ross and Delamerian systems of Antarctica and Australia are inferred to reflect deformation processes associated with a Cambrian subduction zone that dipped towards the Gondwana supercontinent. Western Lachlan Fold Belt orogenesis occurred about 40 million years after the Delamerian Orogeny and deformed older, colder, and denser oceanic crust, with metamorphism indicative of a low geothermal gradient. This orogenesis closed a marginal ocean basin by west-directed underthrusting of oceanic crust that produced an accretionary wedge with west-dipping faults that verge away from the major craton. The western Lachlan Fold Belt was not associated with arc-related volcanism and plutonism occurred 40 – 60 million years after initial deformation. The revised orogenic boundaries have implications for the location of world-class 440 Ma orogenic gold deposits. The structural complexity of the 440 Ma Stawell gold deposit reflects its location in a reworked part of the Cambrian Delamerian Fold Belt, while the structurally simpler 440 Ma Bendigo deposit is hosted by younger Ordovician turbidites solely deformed by Lachlan orogenesis. 相似文献
16.
F. P. Bierlein D. A. Foster S. McKnight D. C. Arne 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):301-309
40Ar/39Ar data for muscovite separates and hydrothermally altered whole‐rock samples from the Ballarat West and the Ballarat East goldfields indicate that mesothermal gold mineralisation at Ballarat occurred during several episodic pulses, ranging in age from the Late Ordovician to the Early Devonian. Initial formation of auriferous structures in the Ballarat goldfields coincided with folding and thrusting associated with the development of the western Lachlan Fold Belt between 460 and 440 Ma. Subsequent fault reactivation and magmatism resulted in remobilisation and additional mineralisation between 410 and 380 Ma, and around 370 Ma. The results presented herein are in agreement with findings for other major gold deposits in central Victoria and further constrain the history of deformation, metamorphism and mineralisation in the western subprovince of the Lachlan Fold Belt. 相似文献
17.
David COOKE 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(4):807-826
Three major types of Ordovician intrusive-related gold-copper deposits are recognized in central-west New South Wales, Australia: porphyry, skarn and high sulphidation epithermal deposits. These deposits are mainly distributed within two Ordovician volcano-intrusive belts of the Lachlan Fold Belt: the Orange-Wellington Belt and the Parkes-Narromine Belt. Available isotopic age data suggest that mineralization of the three types of deposits is essentially coeval with the Ordovician intrusive rocks (480-430 Ma).Porphyry gold-copper deposits can be further divided into two groups. The first group is associated with monzonite showing shoshonitic features, represented by Cadia and Goonumbla. The second group is associated with diorite and dacite, including the Copper Hill and Cargo gold-copper deposits. Gold skarn is associated with Late Ordovician (430-439 Ma) monzonitic intrusive complexes in the Junction Reefs area (Sheahan-Grants, Frenchmans, and Cor-nishmens), Endeavour 6, 7 and 44, Big and Little Cadia 相似文献
18.
Exploration of Zn-rich sulphide deposits at Leadville, northern Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales, for over two decades has been largely on the premise that the mineralisation represents felsic volcanic-hosted massive sulphides (VHMS). Deposits are hosted by ?Silurian felsic metavolcanic, psammopelitic and calcareous metasedimentary rocks which have been intruded by the late Carboniferous I-type Gulgong Granite. Evidence for an epigenetic replacement (skarn) origin of the deposits, rather than representing metamorphosed volcanogenic massive sulphides, includes the proximity of evolved granitic intrusives and reactive carbonate rocks, a skarn mineral assemblage (with characteristic prograde and retrograde stages), lack of textural or lithological indications of an exhalative origin, and gossan and sulphide compositions consistent with Zn-Pb skarns and atypical of Lachlan Fold Belt VHMS deposits. Furthermore, sulphide lead isotope ratios are significantly more radiogenic than signatures for VHMS deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Carbonate δ13C and δ18O and sulphide δ34S values are consistent with the interaction of magmatic hydrothermal fluids with Palaeozoic carbonate rocks and a largely magmatic source of sulphur. It is concluded that the Leadville deposits are of skarn type, genetically related to the Gulgong Granite. 相似文献
19.
K. J. Kemežys 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):97-107
Two lithofacies maps of the Lachlan Fold Belt, one for the Ordovician and one for the Silurian, are illustrated. Both maps indicate shorelines in western New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. The Ordovicoan map suggests open‐sea conditions eastwards from the shoreline with one major and two minor andesitic volcanoes (or volcanic centres). The Silurian map suggests segmentation of the Lachlan Fold Belt into the Melbourne Basin, Omeo Land, Newell Basin, and Budawang Land. The Newell Basin displays a nearshore (Louth‐Mitta Mitta) coarse clastics facies and an offshore (Wellington‐Cooma) platform carbonate facies. Acid volcanism was widespread over the Newell Basin in Silurian time, but did not occur in the Melbourne Basin. The Louth‐Mitta Mitta and Wellington‐Cooma facies boundary coincides with the position of the Coolac‐Honeybugle Serpentine Belt and the outcrop area of the Girilambone Beds, suggesting that these features were already in some way prominent during the Silurian Period: the Serpentine Belt may have been a fault, and the Girilambone Beds may have been land. The origin of base‐metal deposits in the Silurian rocks is thought to be somehow related to the heat generated in the subsurface during Silurian time as is indicated by the volcanism and granite intrusion; and also to the fact that the deposits occur in a transgressive sequence which contains the first phase of acid volcanism in the known geological history of the Lachlan Fold Belt. 相似文献
20.
Many granites have compositional features that directly reflect the composition of their source rocks. Since most granites come from the deeper parts of the Earth's crust, their study provides information about the nature of parts of that deep crust. Granites and related volcanic rocks are abundant and widely distributed in the Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia. These granites show patterns of regional variation in which sharp discontinuities occur between provinces which internally are of a rather constant character. Such a discontinuity has long been recognized at the I‐S line and the extent of that line can now be defined more fully. Breaks of this type are thought to correspond to sharp changes in the composition of the deep crust that correspond to unexposed or basement terranes. Nine such basement terranes can be recognized in the Lachlan Fold Belt. The character of these basement terranes appears to be different from that of the terranes recognized in the Mesozoic‐Cainozoic Cordilleran fold belt, in which the plates accreted during the period of tectonism reflected in the exposed surface rocks. In the Lachlan Fold Belt, it is postulated that fragments of continental crust, or microplates, were assembled in the Late Proterozoic or Early Palaeozoic to form the substrate of the presently exposed Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks; the compositional features of these fragments were later redistributed vertically by magmatic processes. The identification of basement terranes of this type shows that models which involve the lateral growth of the Lachlan Fold Belt during the Palaeozoic, in a manner analogous to the accretion of younger belts, are untenable. These basement terranes have implications for mineral exploration because the content of heavy metals can vary from one to another and this would ultimately affect the probability of concentrating these metals to form a mineral deposit. 相似文献