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1.
塔里木盆地北缘新太古代辛格尔灰色片麻岩形成时代问题 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
获得塔里木盆地北缘辛格尔灰色片麻岩的可靠形成年龄对研究塔里木克拉通地壳构造演化是十分重要的。本研究应用SIMS锆石U-Pb定年,获得了塔里木北缘辛格尔南托格拉克布拉克杂岩中占主要成分的灰色片麻岩的形成年龄为2565±18(2σ)Ma,这一研究结果说明了辛格尔地区的灰色片麻岩和库鲁克塔格中部的蓝石英花岗岩等均为新太古代晚期形成的TTG组份的岩浆岩。综合已有的研究结果,如灰色片麻岩中以残留包体形式存在的斜长角闪岩的Sm-Nd等时线年龄=3263±126Ma(2σ),εNd(t)=+3.2±0.7(Huetal.,1992),以及塔里木北缘范围内各种片麻岩、片岩和各种花岗岩的Nd模式年龄(TDM)分布在3200~2600Ma范围内(冯新昌等,1998;董富荣等,1999;Huetal.,2000),完全可以确认塔里木盆地北缘普遍存在中—新太古代基底。但是,它们遭受了古元古代构造、变质和岩浆活动的强烈改造。辛格尔灰色片麻岩中~2300Ma、~2000Ma和片麻状花岗岩的~2000Ma锆石U-Pb年龄(高振家等,1993;郭召杰等,2003),以及铁门关斜长角闪岩中的锆石U-Pb年龄~1800Ma(郭召杰等,2003)等,就是两次重要构造热事件的记录。K-Ar年龄同样揭示塔里木盆地北缘新元古代至早古生代时期的地质热事件,40Ar/39Ar坪年龄或激光微区40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄等对该区变质岩中角闪石、黑云母及白云母的研究结果表明,塔里木北缘在大约850~500Ma期间,表现为各地段不均一整体性构造隆升(胡霭琴等,出版中)。 相似文献
2.
塔里木盆地东南缘的阿克塔什塔格地区,保存有较为完好的早前寒武纪基底变质岩——阿克塔什塔格杂岩,主要由米兰岩群、新太古代TTG花岗片麻岩和侵入其中的各类古元古代花岗片麻岩构成。其中米兰岩群和TTG片麻岩发育塑性流变褶皱和高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质,具有强烈的混合岩化,并遭受后期的角闪岩相变质改造。米兰岩群中的长英质片麻岩和TTG岩系的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为(2 567±32)Ma和(2 592±15)Ma,二者普遍低Si高Al、富Na贫K、富Sr贫Mg、富集LILE和LREE,亏损HSFE和HREE、轻重稀土分馏强烈、Eu异常不明显,具有类似于埃达克岩的岩石地球化学特征,表明它们形成于俯冲带的岛弧环境,为岛弧玄武岩俯冲至下地壳部分熔融的产物,指示了塔里木盆地东南缘新太古代晚期古老克拉通的大陆地壳水平增生。在此基础上,文章还探讨了塔里木盆地周缘早前寒武纪基底岩系的年代格架问题,认为塔里木盆地具有统一的早前寒武纪变质基底。 相似文献
3.
粤中前震旦纪基底锆石Pb-Pb蒸发年龄及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
粤中前震旦纪基底的成因及时代一直有较大争议。对组成前震旦纪基底的中元古代变质表壳岩长安岩组和中元古代变质长英质侵入岩进行了同位素年龄测定。长安岩组长石石英角岩透镜体中浑圆锆石的 Pb-Pb蒸发年龄为 ( 1 81 2± 2 9) Ma、结晶锆石年龄为 ( 1 2 97.8± 1 3 ) Ma,变质长英质侵入岩条纹状二长片麻岩中结晶锆石年龄为 ( 4 89± 1 4)和 ( 1 0 44± 2 7) Ma,表明粤中地区基底主要成生于中元古代 ,沉积时期为长城纪或以前 ,蓟县纪曾有较大规模岩浆活动 ,中元古代晚期已基本形成了前震旦纪结晶基底的构造格架。 相似文献
4.
塔里木克拉通太古宙岩石主要出露在库鲁克塔格、北阿尔金、铁克里克和敦煌等四个边缘基底隆起带。库鲁克塔格地块位于塔里木克拉通东北缘，其中有可靠年代学报道的太古宙岩石主要出露在库尔勒、辛格尔、兴地和帕尔岗塔格四个地区。库鲁克塔格地块的太古宙岩石主要由长英质正片麻岩(含TTG片麻岩)和少量以包体产出的斜长角闪岩组成，真正的太古宙表壳岩较少见。本次研究在库尔勒地区对长英质正片麻岩和石英岩开展锆石SHRIMP U- Pb测年分析，2个长英质正片麻岩样品的年龄分别为2695±9 Ma和2705±8 Ma；石英岩样品中的碎屑锆石核最小年龄峰为2513 Ma，石英岩有可能是太古宙沉积岩；上述岩石样品都经历了古元古代早期 (1. 9~1. 8 Ga)高级变质作用。地球化学分析发现，库鲁克塔格地块新太古代长英质片麻岩的原岩有多种岩石类型，这些长英质岩石都形成于与俯冲作用有关的岛弧构造背景。基性的斜长角闪岩和变质辉长岩可能产出于不同的背景，一部分来源于岛弧地幔楔的部分熔融，另一部分则可能来自于大洋板内，以洋脊玄武岩为主。库鲁克塔格地块太古宙岩石具有2. 7 Ga和2. 5 Ga两个年龄峰值，2. 7 Ga岩浆事件主要发生在库鲁克塔格西部地区，锆石的εHf(t)值既有正值也有负值，表明这一时期地壳生长和改造同时并存；~2. 5 Ga的岩浆活动分布范围较为广泛，全岩εNd(t)和锆石εHf(t)值以正值为主，暗示这一时期可能存在显著的大陆地壳生长。 相似文献
5.
龙泉关剪切带眼球状花岗质片麻岩锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
恒山五台阜平地区地处华北克拉通中部造山带的中段，早前寒武纪地体出露较好，是解析华北克拉通早前寒武纪演化过程的最佳地段。龙泉关剪切带位于五台杂岩和阜平杂岩的交接部位，其主要岩石类型为眼球状花岗质片麻岩、变粒岩和斜长角闪岩。本文利用LA-ICP-MS方法对龙泉关剪切带中的眼球状花岗质片麻岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素的测试。结果显示，龙泉关眼球状花岗质片麻岩原岩结晶年龄为(2 547±7) Ma，其εHf(t)值介于+2.7~+9.2，表明其源区主要为相对年轻的地壳物质，与五台地区新太古代花岗岩非常相似。龙泉关花岗质眼球状片麻岩中锆石两阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为2 477~2 872 Ma，具有2.58 Ga、2.71 Ga和2.81 Ga三个峰值，记录了华北克拉通新太古代初始地壳生长事件。 相似文献
6.
运用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法,对位于东准噶尔卡姆斯特北部10 km处有争议的海相碎屑岩样品进行了U-Pb年龄测定,共测试碎屑锆石100颗,其中有效年龄数据点共90个。测试结果表明:(1)该套岩层的形成年龄可能为早石炭世。因为最年轻的谐和年龄为333.2 Ma,限定了该岩层的沉积下限。(2)该套岩层有多个物源区。碎屑锆石定年结果与区域岩浆热事件对比结果表明:早寒武世碎屑锆石(523.1 Ma、535.1 Ma)可能来自前人所述的准噶尔前寒武纪结晶基底,但有待进一步研究;中—晚奥陶世碎屑锆石(440.0 Ma、460.9 Ma)来自荒草坡群火山碎屑岩;早志留世碎屑锆石(429.3 Ma)可能来源于周边地区沉积的下志留统;中泥盆世碎屑锆石((371.5±2.5)Ma)来自卓木巴斯套组和乌鲁苏巴斯套组地层;早石炭世碎屑锆石((336.4±0.8)～(353.5±0.7)Ma)来自南明水组。(3)在测试的碎屑锆石中,有一颗锆石年龄为2 676.2 Ma,谐和度为99%,为可能存在前寒武纪古老结晶基底提供了一定的依据,但有待更进一步的证据。 相似文献
7.
西天山温泉地区早古生代斜长角闪岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
西天山温泉县城以南地区出露了以温泉群为基底的前寒武纪变质岩系。其中,被当作温泉群变质岩系一部分的灰色中-粗粒斜长角闪岩,在岩石外观特征上与前寒武纪的深灰色细粒斜长角闪岩截然不同。进一步的地质研究,并应用高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,得到东部粗粒斜长角闪岩的年龄为455.1±2.7 (2σ) Ma,西部中粒斜长角闪岩的年龄为451.4±5.4 (2σ)Ma。因而,确定了它们应该是早古生代晚奥陶世的火成岩,而不是前寒武纪地质体。在西部地段的斜长角闪岩中有一粒捕获锆石的核部得到大约900Ma的老年龄,正好与该区基底温泉群花岗质片麻岩的年龄大体一致。其微量元素和Nd-Sr同位素组成特征说明它们形成于岛弧环境。这一研究结果,为研究早古生代时期西天山与俯冲有关的地质事件,以及古亚洲洋的演化提供了新的佐证。 相似文献
8.
松辽盆地南缘基性岩脉中捕获锆石U-Pb年龄及其对基底岩浆事件的制约 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
团山子基性脉岩为松辽盆地南缘晚中生代最后一期岩浆活动,在其中获得了较多的捕获锆石。为了反映松辽盆地基底岩浆活动事件,对基性脉岩中捕获锆石进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。捕获锆石阴极发光(CL)图像和Th/U比值显示具有岩浆成因的特点。从锆石定年结果得到8组年龄,反映出早侏罗世晚期(176Ma)、海西期(291Ma)、加里东期(467Ma)、新元古代(942Ma)、中元古代(1368Ma)、古元古代(1886Ma和2165Ma)、新太古代(2458Ma)岩浆事件记录。松辽盆地南部基底组成以古生代和早中生代岩浆岩为主,并可能存在西保安群前寒武纪结晶基底(942Ma),并经历了复杂的岩浆演化。中元古代、古元古代、新太古代年龄的锆石具有磨圆和反应边,可能为与华北克拉通岩浆事件形成的锆石被搬运到松辽盆地南部,并被再次捕获的结果,反映松辽盆地南部与华北大陆具有一定的联系,但不确定存在该期的结晶基底。 相似文献
9.
胶北早前寒武纪变质基底多期岩浆-变质热事件:来自TTG片麻岩和花岗质片麻岩中锆石U-Pb定年的证据 总被引：28，自引：25，他引：3
本文采用LA-ICP-MS技术,对胶北地体TTG片麻岩和花岗质片麻岩中锆石进行系统原位U-Pb定年和稀土、微量元素的分析,发现研究区早前寒武变质结晶基底存在多期岩浆-变质热事件。4件TTG片麻岩和2件花岗质片麻岩锆石样品记录了2909±13Ma、2738±23Ma、2544±15~2564±12Ma和2095±12Ma 4组岩浆事件年龄,以及2504±16~2513±32Ma和1863±41Ma 2组变质事件年龄。结合以往TTG片麻岩和花岗质片麻岩的地球化学及Nd同位素研究发现,约2738Ma的TTG岩浆事件可能代表胶北地体地壳最主要的生长事件,而2544~2564Ma的岩浆事件则可能代表古老地壳重熔的最强烈岩浆事件,约2095Ma岩浆事件则反映了胶-辽-吉构造带内部在该时期与地壳拉张作用有关的岩浆活动。2504~2513Ma是研究区以及华北克拉通早前寒武基底最主要的一期变质热事件,可能与地幔柱(热点)岩浆的底侵作用有关,而TTG片麻岩记录的约1863Ma的变质年龄与研究区基性和泥质高压麻粒岩相岩石记录的麻粒岩相变质时代一致,暗示TTG片麻岩可能也经历了古元古代高压麻粒岩相变质作用,上述研究进一步表明胶北地体在古元古代的确存在一期陆-陆碰撞的重要造山事件。该项研究成果对于进一步深入探讨胶北乃至华北克拉通早前寒武纪变质基底的形成演化、岩浆-变质热事件序列及其构造背景具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
10.
冀北太古代花岗质片麻岩的成因 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
冀北是华北克拉通早前寒武纪变质基底的主要出露地区之一。分布于承德-滦平和赤城-张家口地区的新太古代花岗质片麻岩主要由英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩(TTGM)组成,构成了低钾、中钾和高钾钙碱性三个岩石化学系列。二长花岗质片麻岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素特征揭示其岩浆结晶年龄为2509±10Ma。全岩岩石化学、Sm-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究表明:(1)低钾钙碱性系列的岩石形成于拉班玄武质岩石的低度部分熔融;(2)中钾钙碱性系列岩石主要形成于玄武质岩石和杂砂岩的部分熔融,局部存在英云闪长质片麻岩的部分熔融;(3)高钾钙碱性系列的岩石形成于以高钾中酸性火山岩为主要成分的杂砂岩的部分熔融。结合近年来冀北早前寒武纪地质研究成果,这些太古代花岗质片麻岩全岩Sm-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征揭示~2.7Ga是本区太古代地壳的主要生长期。在新太古代发生了大规模的火山喷发,火山物质形成后不久发生部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆,接着发生变质、变形作用。这些花岗质片麻岩的形成与南美洲西海岸的构造-岩浆活动特征有类似之处,可能反映了太古代末期冀北地区从活动大陆边缘地壳增生、加厚到弧后伸展转化的动力学背景。 相似文献
11.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
12.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
13.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
14.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究，从混凝剂适应PH值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较，找出一种较为理想的混凝剂，并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素，确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。 相似文献
16.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
17.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。 相似文献
18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献
19.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a
state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m
rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much
of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets
on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing
climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes
in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course
of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely
followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of
insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and
ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and
less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal.
Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes
for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the
beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity
has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million
years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century.
The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently,
and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations
in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is
unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial
“icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3
plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of
the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we
must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of
the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates.
Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997 相似文献
20.
Encarnación Puga Martim Portugal Antonio Diaz De Federico Giuseppe M. Bargossi Lauro Morten 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):253-266
AbstractThe Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards. 相似文献