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1.
中国东部新生代玄武质岩石中的超镁铁质捕虏体,主要包括五种类型:石榴石二辉橄榄岩(±少量尖晶石)、尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石方辉橄榄岩、辉石岩和巨晶矿物。不同类型捕虏体间的共存矿物存在系统的化学成分变化。尤以Al_2O_3、Cr_2O_3变化明显。本文提出捕虏体中共存矿物的Cr~#[100Cr/(Al+Cr)]可作为分类和岩石成因的重要标志。并将五种捕虏体划分为三种地幔成因类型:饱满的或原始的地幔(石榴石二辉橄榄岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩),亏损的或残余的地幔(尖晶石方辉橄榄岩),地幔条件下熔浆分离的产物(辉石岩和巨晶矿物)。 相似文献
2.
东波超镁铁岩体:西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段一个甚具铬铁矿前景的地幔橄榄岩体 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
东波超镁铁岩体产在雅鲁藏布江缝合带的西段,与周边白垩纪沉积岩地层和火山岩以断层接触.航磁资料显示该岩体约400km2规模,地表出露连续,地下有一定延深.超镁铁岩体由亏损的地幔橄榄岩组成,主要有高镁的方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩.方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石和斜方辉石属高镁型,分别为Fo=89.5～91.5和Mg#=90～91.5.但二辉橄榄岩中的Al2O3和CaO含量明显高于方辉橄榄岩.方辉橄榄岩中单斜辉石Mg#=92～95,二辉橄榄岩的Mg#=92～93,两者的值也重叠.二辉橄榄岩中的Al2O3和CaO含量要明显高于方辉橄榄岩.这些均为阿尔卑斯型地幔橄榄岩的典型特征.纯橄岩中的橄榄石Fo=92～93.2,其斜方辉石和单斜辉石的Mg#=～93,但Al2O3和CaO的含量比方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的低.三种岩石的成分变化规律,反映了地幔部分熔融程度的差异.二辉橄榄岩铬尖晶石的Cr#值20～30,反映为典型深海橄榄岩特征,指示MOR环境.与其不同的是,方辉橄榄岩的铬尖晶石的Cr#=20～75,指示MOR和SSZ两者兼有环境.岩石的原始地幔标准化的REE和微量元素蛛网图模式支持了上述的认识.东波地幔橄榄岩中的岩石学特征与产有大型铬铁矿床的罗布莎地幔橄榄岩可对比,岩体中已多处发现块状铬铁矿石,其铬铁矿的Cr2O3含量56％～59％,表明东波是寻找铬铁矿大矿和富矿甚具前景的一个超镁铁岩体. 相似文献
3.
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段泽当地幔橄榄岩特征及其意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
泽当岩体位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段,主要由地幔橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩和基性火山岩等组成。地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩,有少量透镜状纯橄岩。地幔橄榄岩经历了强烈的塑性变形作用。地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo值为89.6~91.8,属镁橄榄石;斜方辉石为顽火辉石,En 87.8~90.3;单斜辉石En 44.1~50.0,主要为顽透辉石和透辉石。铬尖晶石的Cr#值(=100×Cr/(Cr+Al))为17.0~93.6,其中,二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩中的铬尖晶石为富铝型尖晶石,纯橄岩中的铬尖晶石Cr#最高,为富铬型尖晶石。地幔橄榄岩的部分熔融程度为17%~34%,表明泽当地幔橄榄岩可能经历了多阶段的过程。亏损的主量元素组成和低于原始地幔的稀土元素含量(0.15×10-6~0.61×10-6)指示泽当地幔橄榄岩为经历过部分熔融和熔体抽取的亏损残余地幔岩石。REE配分型式为中稀土亏损的"V"型或"U"型,原始地幔标准化元素比值(La/Sm)N为0.5~8.0,表明泽当地幔橄榄岩经历过交代作用。矿物化学与地球化学数据表明泽当地幔橄榄岩形成于MOR环境,后受到SSZ环境的改造。 相似文献
4.
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩矿物学研究和成因探讨 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
西藏普兰蛇绿岩以出露面积约600km2的特大型地幔橄榄岩体而引人注目。我们在普兰岩体的东段,完成了一条近垂直走向并穿过岩体的长约10km的地质剖面,其目的是探讨地幔橄榄岩体岩相的变化及其成因。研究表明,岩体主体为方辉橄榄岩,分布于岩体内部,二辉橄榄岩呈条带状,分布于岩体边部,方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩出露面积之比约为4∶1。剖面显示,二辉橄榄岩向方辉橄榄岩岩相渐变,Ol和Sp含量增加,Opx和Cpx减少,橄榄石Fo值和NiO含量也呈逐渐增加的特征。斜方辉石主要为顽火辉石(En=85~90),Mg#值变化于88~92之间,Al2O3含量0.89%~5.16%。单斜辉石包括顽透辉石和透辉石,以低铝(Al2O3=1.16%~6.02%),高镁(Mg#值为90~94)为特征。二辉橄榄岩的铬尖晶石Cr#值在19~32之间,低于方辉橄榄岩的Cr#值(25~72),两者之间呈连续变化。另一方面,方辉橄榄岩的各矿物百分含量、成分特征及部分熔融程度在岩体东部变化较大。结合前人成果,认为岩体中部分方辉橄榄岩不仅仅为单一的地幔残余,而可能经历了后期流体/熔体交代作用。依据尖晶石-橄榄石/单斜辉石矿物化学成分,估算出二辉橄榄岩是地幔源区经历约5%~12%部分熔融作用形成,而方辉橄榄岩则最终经历了约12%~32%部分熔融作用。研究结果表明,从二辉橄榄岩到方辉橄榄岩的演变,起因于部分熔融的差别,没有证据表明是受构造背景变化制约,因此,简单地用铬尖晶石等矿物成分的变化判断地幔橄榄岩的产出构造背景的方法值得商榷。 相似文献
5.
两类蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的矿物表现出的共同特征是:从二辉橄榄岩→斜辉橄榄岩→斜辉辉橄岩→纯橄岩→铬铁矿石,其橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石的Mg/(Mg+Fe)(矿物牌号)依次升高,表现出富Mg贫Fe的演化趋势;铬尖晶石的Cr/(Cr+Al)亦同时升高,表现为富Cr贫Al的演化特征。 变质橄榄岩中的矿物均是原始上地幔岩部分熔融的残余物。在部分熔融过程中,橄榄石与铬尖晶石是生成相矿物,而斜方与单斜辉石则是消失相矿物,正是通过两种辉石的不断消失,岩石才从二辉橄榄岩依次转化为纯橄岩,并造成纯橄岩与铬铁矿的紧密伴生。在此过程中,矿物成分时刻都在变化,造岩矿物向富Mg贫Fe,金属矿物向富Cr贫Al方向调整,这与实际测定结果是一致的。 相似文献
6.
伊通新生代玄武岩中存在3种不同成因的捕虏体,其中上地幔岩浆分异结晶形成的辉石岩捕虏体中尖晶石具有独特的成分分带。电子探针分析显示在尖晶石矿物的边缘富Al,而贫Mg、Fe和Cr,矿物中心富Mg、Fe和Cr,而贫Al,从中心向两侧基本对称。从尖晶石成分分带的元素分布特征判断,其形成不是固溶体相平衡过程中的离子扩散,而可能是化学平衡过程中结晶矿物与熔浆之间化学成分平衡的结果,属于化学平衡导致的成分分带。从尖晶石矿物中心到边缘的温度变化不能反映矿物形成后所经历的温度变化状况,与尖晶石共生矿物的二辉石地质温度计所能代表的地质意义是矿物中心的温度(~1 006℃),反映矿物开始结晶时的温度状态。 相似文献
7.
阿尔巴尼亚布尔其泽纯橄岩壳非常新鲜,主要由橄榄石、尖晶石和单斜辉石等矿物组成.其中橄榄石存在单斜辉石和铬尖晶石（磁铁矿）共生包裹体现象,包裹体矿物粒度在1~10 μm,有些甚至为纳米级200~500 nm.纯橄岩橄榄石的Fo值为94.7~96.0,铬尖晶石的Cr#为76.5~82.4,远高于蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中常见纯橄岩的铬值（Cr#>60）.基于前人研究结果,提出这种现象是由于亏损方辉橄榄岩与含钛、铬、铁熔体发生交代作用,从而形成橄榄石的固溶体并存在Ti4+、Al3+、Ca2+、Fe3+,而部分Cr3+进入铬尖晶石结晶.后期由于岩体在抬升过程中降温,橄榄石中混溶的组分析出包裹体形成磁铁矿和铬尖晶石.并且依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石的矿物化学成分,识别出岩体内方辉橄榄岩相对较低的部分熔融程度约为30%~40%,纯橄岩部分熔融程度约为40%,表明不同岩相间其形成背景存在明显差异.因此,认为布尔奇泽蛇绿岩具有多阶段的过程,首先是在洋中脊环境下经历部分熔融作用形成了方辉橄榄岩,后受到俯冲环境（SSZ）的岩石-熔体反应生成更富Mg、Si和Cr等的熔体,致使地幔橄榄岩高度部分熔融,形成此类纯橄岩. 相似文献
8.
雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的岩石学研究 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰蛇绿岩以出现面积约600余平方千米的特大型地幔橄榄岩体而引人注目.该地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主体,含有少量的二辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,岩体中另有一些橄榄单斜辉石岩、辉长岩和辉绿岩等侵入体.地幔橄榄岩的主要造岩矿物橄榄石的Fo 90～93,其中呈包裹体的橄榄石的Fo略高,斜方辉石为顽火辉石(En 88～90),单斜辉石主要为顽透辉石和透辉石,以低铝(0.48％～3.96％)和高Mg#(91～96)为特征,铬尖晶石的Cr#值为18～69,其中方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩中的铬尖晶石属富铝型尖晶石,而纯橄岩中为富铬型尖晶石.橄榄单斜辉石岩的橄榄石Fo值一致较低,平均为88.4,斜方辉石En平均87,单斜辉石以透辉石为主,铬尖晶石的Cr#值为45～69.普兰地幔橄榄岩及橄榄单斜辉石岩都具有相似的稀土元素和微量元素配分模式,表现为LREE相对富集,Eu亏损不明显,微量元素中大离子亲石元素含量较低,部分样品高场强元素亏损,另一些则相对富集,显示地幔橄榄岩具有亏损地幔源区特征,但也具有俯冲带流体的交代特征,表明普兰岩体可能经历了MOR和SSZ两种构造环境,该特征与雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段的罗布莎地幔橄榄岩的特征可以对比. 相似文献
9.
西藏班公湖—怒江缝合带中段蓬湖蛇绿岩中的洋脊型二辉橄榄岩 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蓬湖蛇绿岩产于西藏藏北湖区的蓬湖西侧,属班公湖-怒江缝合带中段白拉拉弄-依拉山亚带。该蛇绿岩主要由地幔橄榄岩、堆晶岩和辉绿岩等组成。其中地幔橄榄岩由方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩组成。蓬湖二辉橄榄岩的橄榄石Fo值介于88.85～90.33之间、斜方辉石的Al2O3含量范围在4.26%～6.60%。与原始地幔相比,蓬湖二辉橄榄岩岩石有较高的MgO含量和较低的Al2O3、CaO和TiO2等易熔组分含量;稀土元素总量介于1.11×10-6～1.53×10-6之间,明显低于原始地幔值,配分模式为轻稀土轻微亏损。在原始地幔微量元素蛛网图中,蓬湖二辉橄榄岩显示Rb、Zr亏损,U、Ta、Sr强烈富集特征。蓬湖二辉橄榄岩的铂族元素总量介于22.9×10-9～27×10-9之间,PGEs球粒陨石标准化图解显示其为接近原始地幔的"平坦型"。以上特征与深海橄榄岩相似,指示它们可能形成于大洋中脊环境。定量模拟估算表明,蓬湖二辉橄榄岩可能来源于地幔中尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩源区,系经历了约5%～10%的部分熔融残余。蓬湖堆晶岩矿物结晶顺序为橄榄石-单斜辉石-斜长石,其中异剥橄榄岩中的单斜辉石Mg#值介于86.92～89.93之间、橄榄石Fo平均值为84.45,明显不同于MOR型蛇绿岩堆晶岩。蓬湖堆晶岩的矿物组成、岩浆结晶顺序和矿物成分均与俯冲带上SSZ型蛇绿岩形成的堆晶岩类似。以上结果表明,蓬湖二辉橄榄岩形成于大洋脊环境,为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩源区经历了不超过10%部分熔融的残余,后期由于洋内俯冲作用经历了岩石-熔体反应,形成了SSZ型堆晶岩和含较高Cr#值尖晶石的方辉橄榄岩。 相似文献
10.
泽当蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段,由地幔橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩、火山岩等组成。地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩,有少量的铬铁矿化方辉橄榄岩和透镜状纯橄岩。地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo值为89.6~91.8,属镁橄榄石。斜方辉石为顽火辉石,En端员组分变化于87.8~90.3。单斜辉石En组分变化于44.1~50.0,主要为顽透辉石和透辉石。二辉橄榄岩与方辉橄榄岩铬尖晶石的Cr#为17.0~31.8,为富铝型尖晶石。泽当地幔橄榄岩PGE总量为16.67×10-9~32.59×10-9,与原始地幔相似。矿物化学特征显示泽当二辉橄榄岩属于深海型地幔橄榄岩,方辉橄榄岩属于弧前地幔橄榄岩。尖晶石Cr#、橄榄石Mg#的变化以及高Os含量(3.50×10-9~7.75×10-9)表明泽当地幔橄榄岩经历了部分熔融过程;正斜率的PGE配分模式以及较高的Pd/Ir值(1.09~3.94)表明泽当地幔橄榄岩受到了俯冲带环境下地幔交代作用的改造。泽当地幔橄榄岩矿物学特征与铂族元素地球化学特征显示其形成于MOR环境,后受到SSZ环境的改造。 相似文献
11.
Na Metasomatism in the Island-Arc Mantle by Slab Melt--Peridotite Interaction: Evidence from Mantle Xenoliths in the North Kamchatka Arc 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
The Pliocene (7 Ma) Nb-enriched arc basalts of the ValovayamVolcanic Field (VVF) in the northern segment of the Kamchatkaarc, Russia, host abundant mantle xenoliths, including spinelIherzolites. Textural and microstructural evidence for high-temperature,multi-stage, creep-related deformations in spinel Iherzolitessupports a sub-arc mantle derivation. Pyroxene chemistry indicatesthe existence of two compositional suites: (1) a Cr-diopsidesuite with low-Tt, moderate-Al clinopyroxene compositions, and(2) an Al-augite suite with high Al and Tt, and low Cr concentrationsin clinopyroxene. Some spinel lherzolite xenoliths contain metasomaticAl-augite-type clinopyroxene, Al-Tt spinel, and felsic veinssimilar to trondhjemite melt. The Al-augite series xenolithstypically contain high-Na plagioclase, Cr-poor, Al-Fe-Mg andAl-Tt-Fe spinels, with occasional almandine-grossularite garnetand high-Al and -Na pargasitic amphibole. Pyroxene and spinel compositional trends suggest that the Crdiopsideseries xenoliths from the VVF Nb-enriched arc basalts representan island-arc mantle affected by a metasomatic event. Occurrenceof high-Na plagioclase and trondhjemitic veins favors the additionof a metasomatic component with high Na, Al and Si to the northernKamchatka arc mantle. Trondhjemitic veins, representing siliceousslab melts, compositionally exemplify the metasomatic component.Na metasomatism by peridotite-slab melt interaction is an importantmantle hybridization process responsible for arc-related alkalinemagma generation from a veined sub-arc mantle. KEY WORDS: metasomatism; island arc; mantle xenoliths; Kamchatka; mantle 相似文献
12.
Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas 总被引：70，自引：0，他引：70
The composition of chromian spinel in alpine-type peridotites has a large reciprocal range of Cr and Al, with increasing Cr# (Cr/(Cr+Al)) reflecting increasing degrees of partial melting in the mantle. Using spinel compositions, alpine-type peridotites can be divided into three groups. Type I peridotites and associated volcanic rocks contain spinels with Cr#<0.60; Type III peridotites and associated volcanics contain spinels with Cr#>0.60, and Type II peridotites and volcanics are a transitional group and contain spinels spanning the full range of spinel compositions in Type I and Type II peridotites. Spinels in abyssal peridotites lie entirely within the Type I spinel field, making ophiolites with Type I alpine-type peridotites the most likely candidates for sections of ocean lithosphere formed at a midocean ridge. The only modern analogs for Type III peridotites and associated volcanic rocks are found in arc-related volcanic and intrusive rocks, continental intrusive assemblages, and oceanic plateau basalts. We infer a sub-volcanic arc petrogenesis for most Type III alpine-type peridotites. Type II alpine-type peridotites apparently reflect composite origins, such as the formation of an island-arc on ocean crust, resulting in large variations in the degree and provenance of melting over relatively short distances. The essential difference between Type I and Type III peridotites appears to be the presence or absence of diopside in the residue at the end of melting.Based on an examination of co-existing rock and spinel compositions in lavas, it appears that spinel is a sensitive indicator of melt composition and pressure of crystallization. The close similarity of spinel composition fields in genetically related basalts, dunites and peridotites at localities in the oceans and in ophiolite complexes indicates that its composition reflects the degree of melting in the mantle source region. Accordingly, we infer from the restricted range of spinel compositions in abyssal basalts that the degree of mantle melting beneath mid-ocean ridges is generally limited to that found in Type I alpine-type peridotites. It is apparent, therefore, that the phase boundary OL-EN-DI-SP +meltOL-EN-SP+melt has limited the degree of melting of the mantle beneath mid-ocean ridges. This was clearly not the case for many alpine-type peridotites, implying very different melting conditions in the mantle, probably involving the presence of water. 相似文献
13.
Petrogenesis of Dunite Xenoliths from Koolau Volcano, Oahu, Hawaii: Implications for Hawaiian Volcanism 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ultramafic xenoliths from Koolau Volcano on the island of Oahu,Hawaii, are divided into spinel lherzolite, pyroxenite, anddunite suites. On the basis of a study of the petrography andmineral compositions of 43 spinel lherzolites, 12 pyroxenites,and 20 dunites, the following characteristics of the dunitesin relation to the other nodule types and to Hawaiian lavasemerge. (1) The forstente content of olivines in the Koolaudunites (Fo82.6-Fo89 7 ) overlap those of Hawaiian tholeiiticand alkalic lavas and are generally lower than those in abyssallherzolites and dunites and in Koolau spinel lherzolites. (2)Most of the dunites contain no orthopyroxene, all except twocontain chrome spinel, and a few contain interstitial plagioclaseand clinopyroxene. (3) Chrome spinels from the Koolau dunitesare distinctly higher in Cr/(Cr+Al), lower in Mg/(Mg+ Fe2+)and higher in TiO2 than those from abyssal basalts and peridotites.Chrome spinels in the dunites correspond closely in compositionto chrome spinels in Hawaiian tholeiitic and alkalic lavas.(4) The abundance of dunite relative to other nodule types decreasesoutward from the central part of the volcano. The dunites areinterpreted not as residues of partial fusion of the mantlebut as crystal accumulations stored at shallow depths beneaththe central part of Koolau Volcano and derived from picriticmagmas parental to the shield-building tholeiitic lavas. 相似文献
14.
The Mineral Chemistry of Ultramafic Xenoliths of Eastern China: Implications for Upper Mantle Composition and the Paleogeotherms 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
Ultramafic xenoliths of garnet lherzolite (?rare spinel), spinellherzolites, spinel harzburgites, clinopyroxenites, and clinopyroxenemegacrysts were collected from Cenozoic basalts in all partsof eastern China. From their modal composition and mineral chemistryall the xenoliths may be placed into three types representing:a fertile or more primitive mantle (garnet lherzolite and spinellherzolite), a refractory or more depleted mantle (spinel harzburgiteand dunite), and inclusions cognate with the host alkali basaltsat mantle pressures (pyroxenite and megacrysts). There are systematicdifferences between the mineral compositions of each type. Spinelshows a wide compositional range and the spinel cr-number [100Cr/(Cr + Al)] is a significant indicator of the xenolithtype. Spinel cr-number and Al2O3 of coexisting minerals (spinel,clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene) are useful as refractory indicatorsfor spinel peridotite in that the cr-number increases and thepercentage of Al2O3 decreases with increasing degrees of melting.In garnet peridotite, however, the same functions vary withpressure, not degree of melting. According to P–T estimates,the various xenoliths were derived from a large range of depthsin the upper mantle: spinel peridotite from approximately 11to 22 kb (37–66 km), spinel/garnet lherzolite from 19to 24 kb (62–80 km), and garnet lherzolite from 24 to25 kb (79–83 km). We conclude that the uppermost mantlebeneath eastern China is heterogeneous, with a north-northeastzone of more depleted mantle lying beneath the continental marginand a more primitive mantle occurring towards the continentalinterior. 相似文献
15.
分析了全球一些有代表性的上地幔尖晶石橄榄岩和斜长石橄榄岩中各矿物的化学成分变化特征。发现在斜长石橄榄岩中，尖晶石和斜方辉石富Ｔｉ，且Ｔｉ含量随Ｃｒ／（Ｃｒ＋Ａｌ）的增大而增大；单斜辉石富Ｔｉ贫Ｎａ，其Ｔｉ含量随Ｎａ含量的增大而减少。据此，结合实验结果，可以肯定世界各地大多数斜长石二辉橄榄岩在斜长石相域内未经受部分熔融。岩体所曾经受的部分熔融只发生在尖晶石或石榴石相。它们的相对熔融度可以用下面两个指标来估计：（１）最贫Ｔｉ尖晶石的Ｃｒ／（Ｃｒ＋Ａｌ）；（２）单斜辉石的最高Ｎａ含量。对于尖晶石橄榄岩，从二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩到纯橄榄岩，其尖晶石和斜方辉石的Ｃｒ／（Ｃｒ＋Ａｌ）逐渐增大，而含量很低的Ｔｉ或Ｎａ在尖晶石、斜方辉石及单斜辉石中保持不变或趋向逐渐减小。尖晶石橄榄岩的相对熔融度可据尖晶石的Ｃｒ／（Ｃｒ＋Ａｌ）和单斜辉石的Ｎａ含量来判断。 相似文献
16.
Upper mantle xenoliths from Wikieup, AZ, provide abundant evidence for magmatic modification of the uppermost mantle beneath
the Transition Zone between the Colorado Plateau and the southern Basin and Range province. Upper mantle lithologies in this
xenolith suite are represented by spinel peridotite, wehrlite, plagioclase peridotite, and Al-augite group pyroxenites. Isotopic
data for these xenoliths yield relatively uniform values and suggest a common petrogenesis. Al-augite-bearing gabbro and pyroxenite
xenoliths from this locality are interpreted to have formed by crystal fractionation processes from parent alkali basalts
similar to the Wikieup host basalt. Mineral and whole rock compositions show consistent trends of increasing incompatible
element contents (Fe, Al, Ca, Na, K, LIL, and LREE), and decreasing compatible element contents (Mg, Cr, Ni) from spinel peridotite
to wehrlite to plagioclase peridotite to the host basalt composition. These compositional trends are interpreted as resulting
from varying degrees of magma-mantle wall rock interaction as ascending mafic magmas infiltrated upper mantle peridotite.
Small degrees of melt infiltration resulted in slightly modified spinel peridotite compositions while moderate degrees metasomatized
spinel peridotite to wehrlite, and the highest degrees metasomatized it to plagioclase peridotite. Whole rock compositions
and clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and whole rock isotopic data suggest that the infiltrating magmas were the same as those from
which the gabbros and pyroxenites crystallized, and that they were alkalic in composition, similar to the Wikieup host alkali
olivine basalts. Relatively uniform 143Nd/144Nd for the mineral separates and whole rocks in spite of the significantly wide range in their 147Sm/144Nd (0.71–0.23 in clinopyroxene) suggests that the Wikieup xenoliths including gabbro, pyroxenite, peridotite, wehrlite, and
plagioclase peridotite, are all relatively young rocks formed or metasomatized by a relatively recent magmatic episode.
Received: 21 May 1996 / Accepted: 23 December 1996 相似文献
17.
Kazuhito Ozawa 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,99(2):159-175
The ultramafic tectonite of the Miyamori ophiolitic complex is divided into two types, one bearing aluminous spinel (Cr/(Cr+Al)< 0.4) and the other, chromian spinel(Cr/(Cr + Al)<0.4) (denoted ASPP and CSPP respectively). ASPP consists mainly of harzburgite and lherzolite and occurs as isolated kilometric patches in CSPP, which can be subdivided into massive and layered types. Massive CSPP consists mainly of magnesian harzburgite and dunite, whereas layered CSPP commonly is stratified and consists of less magnesian harzburgite, dunite, wehrlite, lherzolite, websterite, and clinopyroxenite. The 2 km thick layered CSPP occurs within the massive CSPP, and their lithologies are transitional. The structural and lithologic features of CSPP and the chemical variations of its olivine and spinel suggest that the layered CSPP crystallized from segregated partial melt, leaving the massive CSPP as a strongly depleted residue. Hornblende is invariably present in both the ASPP and CSPP, whereas phlogopite ispresent only in CSPP. The hornblende in CSPP is distinctly richer in K2O (0.4–1.0 wt%) than that in ASPP(<0.1 wt%), but residual peridotite of CSPP is more depleted in major elements than that of ASPP. The low TiO2/K2O ratio of hornblende and the presence of TiO2 poor phlogopite suggest that partial melting, melt segregation, and crystallization to form CSPP took place in the upper mantle beneath an island arc. By contrast, ASPP could be the source material of CSPP which formed as slightly depleted residue beneath a back-arc basin. 相似文献
18.
Composition of chromiferous spinel included in olivines of Mg-rich basalts and gabbros of the Deccan Traps (Gujarat and Western Ghats) are reported here. They vary from Al-rich compositions [Al2O3 = 53wt.%; Cr#, 100Cr/(Cr + Al) = 12] to Cr-rich compositions [Cr2O3 = 51wt.%; Cr# = 84], and from Cr-Al rich compositions towards Cr-rich Ti-magnetite (TiO2 up to 23 wt.%, ulvöspinel up to 67mol.%). The Mg# [100Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] of spinel decreases from 81 to nearly zero. The highest Cr# has been found in the Bushe Fm., Thakurvadi Fm., and some high-Ti basalts of the Pavagadh section, whereas some of the low-Ti basalts of Saurashtra have Al-rich compositions typical of spinels found in mid-ocean ridge basalts. The chemical composition of the Deccan Trap spinels is completely different compared to that observed in mantle spinel suites, with very few exceptions. The decreasing Al and increasing Fe and Ti of spinel seems to be mainly the result of decrease of Mg in the locally coexisting melts and favourable cationic substitutions in the lattice. There is barely any evidence of general relationships between the composition of the Deccan spinels and inferred mantle sources of the host magmas. Pyroxene inclusions in spinels may witness a high-pressure stage of crystallization, but the possibility of non-equilibrium crystallization, or even magma mixing, cannot be ruled out. Overall, the compositional ranges of chromiferous spinel in the Deccan Traps closely match those observed in the other Large Igneous Provinces having mafic/ultramafic intrusions and mafic magma compositions (e.g., Siberian Traps, Karoo, Emeishan). 相似文献
19.
Origin of spongy textures in clinopyroxene and spinel from mantle xenoliths, Hessian Depression, Germany 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Spongy textures are observed in anhydrous Group 1 mantle xenoliths (harzburgite, lherzolite and wehrlite) hosted in Tertiary
alkali basaltic lavas from the Hessian Depression, Germany. These textures are developed only on clinopyroxene and spinel,
and occur as rims or cross-cutting veinlets and patches showing optical continuity with the host grain. They are often associated
with pools of amorphous glassy material. There is no preferential development of spongy domains against the xenolith-lava
contact suggesting that the host magma did not play any significant role in their formation. Spongy clinopyroxene and spinel
occur in all rock types, but, are more pervasive in wehrlite.
Chemically, spongy domains of clinopyroxene and spinel are more refractory than unaffected areas, which is consistent with
their formation through a partial melting event. The associated glassy material shows chemical characteristics which suggest
that the melt pools are genetically related to the development of the spongy textures. The partial melting event was probably
triggered by the infiltration of a low-density fluid. The fluid may have evolved from a silicate melt responsible for the
metasomatic Fe-enrichment recorded in wehrlite. In this context, the more pervasive development of spongy clinopyroxene in
wehrlite may be explained by a higher concentration of the evolved fluid phase at proximity to its silicate melt source.
Received March 15, 2000; revised version accepted September 6, 2001 相似文献
20.
Peridotite xenoliths found in Cenozoic alkali basalts of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, vary from fertile spinel-lherzolite
to harzburgite. They often contain glass-bearing pockets formed after primary pyroxenes and spinel. Few samples are composite
and consist of depleted spinel lherzolite crosscut by amphibole veins and/or lherzolite in contact with poikilitic wehrlite.
Peridotite xenoliths are characterized by negative Al2O3–Mg# and TiO2–Mg# covariations of clino- and orthopyroxenes, low to intermediate HREE concentrations in clinopyroxene, negative Cr–Al trend
in spinel, suggesting variable degrees of partial melting. Metasomatic overprint is evidenced by trace element enrichment
in clinopyroxene and sporadic increase of Ti–Fetot. Preferential Nb, Zr, Sr enrichments in clinopyroxene associated with high Ti–Fetot contents constrain the metasomatic agent to be an alkaline basic melt. In composite xenoliths, clinopyroxene REE contents
increase next to the veins suggesting metasomatic diffusion of incompatible element. Oxygen isotope data indicate disequilibrium
conditions among clinopyroxene, olivine and orthopyroxene. The highest δ18O values are observed in minerals of the amphibole-bearing xenolith. The δ18Ocpx correlations with clinopyroxene modal abundance and geochemical parameters (e.g. Mg# and Cr#) suggest a possible influence
of partial melting on oxygen isotope composition. Thermobarometric estimates define a geotherm of 80°C/GPa for the refractory
lithosphere of NVL, in a pressure range between 1 and 2.5 GPa. Clinopyroxene microlites of melt pockets provide P–T data close
to the anhydrous peridotite solidus and confirm that they originated from heating and decompression during transport in the
host magma. All these geothermometric data constrain the mantle potential temperature to values of 1250–1350°C, consistent
with the occurrence of mantle decompressional melting in a transtensive tectonic regime for the Ross Sea region. 相似文献