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1.
再论兴隆沟组火山岩成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对辽西北票地区兴隆沟组安山质火山岩的组分和岩相学研究,发现作为捕虏晶的斜方辉石存在反环带和韵律环带.根据具反环带结构的斜方辉石的微量元素丰度研究,提出兴隆沟组火山岩是岩浆混合作用的产物而非下地壳拆沉作用的产物.对比华北克拉通北缘不同时代,不同成因的单斜辉石,推测辉石有可能来源于早中生代下地壳的堆晶岩. 相似文献
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胶东青山群基性火山岩的Ar-Ar年代学和地球化学特征: 对华北克拉通破坏过程的启示 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
青山群火山岩是华北克拉通破坏期间最具代表性的地幔或地壳熔融产物,记录了华北深部地质演化的重要信息。本文对胶东青山群基性火山岩进行了40Ar/39Ar定年和岩石地球化学分析,结合前人报道的胶东青山群酸性火山岩资料,发现:(1)基性火山岩喷发年龄为122～113Ma,早于青山群酸性火山岩(110～98Ma);(2)基性和酸性火山岩显示了不同的元素和同位素地球化学特征。岩石成因分析表明,基性火山岩为交代富集地幔部分熔融作用的产物,而酸性火山岩为古老下地壳和中生代底侵岩浆的熔融产物(Ling et al.,2009)。因此,胶东地区青山群火山岩记录了岩浆熔融源区从地幔向下地壳的转变。这与长时间尺度的岩石圈减薄过程中热能由地幔向地壳传递过程相吻合,而不同于地壳拆沉作用所预测的岩浆演化趋势。 相似文献
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耿马一带古近纪花岗岩类岩浆成因及演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从地质学、岩石学、岩石地球化学等方面，探讨耿马一带古近纪岩浆岩类成因类型和演化、形成的构造背景及其地球动力学。侵入于红色建造K1n及河湖相Em中，比三叠纪花岗岩更偏基性，地球化学特征显示同时具同碰撞及火山弧花岗岩性质。下地壳的拆沉作用，地壳加厚及陆内造山驱动力的影响，富铁超镁铁质堆晶体拆沉于地幔中。堆晶体发生部分熔融，拆沉物熔融岩浆与地壳熔融岩浆于地壳岩浆房产生完全混合作用，形成古近纪具同碰撞及弧火山属性的岩浆。这种混合岩浆上升运移，产生较强的分离结晶作用，多次脉动定位形成古近纪不同岩性单元花岗岩。结合同位素测年结果及其它地质事件，确定其于古近纪侵入于陆内，是陆内造山晚期导致拆沉作用的产物。 相似文献
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大兴安岭火山喷发带北段中性、中酸性火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过对大兴安岭北段晚侏罗世吉祥峰组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学研究,发现其中存在高Sr低Y型火山岩,即文献上所称的埃达克质岩,笔者认为中酸性火山岩的岩浆起源于下地壳玄武质岩浆,为玄武质岩浆底辟上侵引起地热梯度增加、下地壳中-基性变质火成岩石部分熔融的之混合岩浆,是古太平洋板块向西伯利亚板块斜向俯冲过程中,蒙古-鄂霍次克海槽封闭,陆壳碰撞使地壳加厚,形成兴蒙造山带时所引起的一系列构造岩浆活动。其形成时的构造环境应是在滨太平洋构造域背景下受古亚洲构造域的影响和限制,并非是滨太平洋构造活动带的单一活动所致。早白垩世上库力组酸性火山岩属陆壳重熔型(S型)火山岩,其形成可能与印度-澳大利亚板块朝北偏东方向推挤运移、中国东部岩石圈拉张引起的下地壳拆沉作用有关。 相似文献
6.
豫西新生代基性火山岩地球化学特征及源区性质 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
豫西新生代基性火山岩主要为粗面玄武岩,少量碱玄岩和玄武岩。其地球化学特征表明该区基性火山岩基本代表了幔源原始岩浆的成分,结晶分异作用及地壳物质混染作用并未对本区基性火山岩产生明显影响。初步的研究表明,本区基性火山岩是富集型地幔熔体和亏损型地幔熔体混合的产物。 相似文献
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辽西彰武大四家子地区中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过对辽西彰武县以东大四家子乡高城窝堡村义县组标准剖面中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明, 其火山岩年龄为122.4±0.4Ma, 属早白垩世.对该区域23件典型火山岩样品的地球化学研究表明, 除3件流纹岩样品外, 其余样品具有高镁埃达克岩地球化学特征(SiO2=56.46%~65.14%、Al2O3=14.60%~17.19%、Mg#=50~59、Sr=501~700μg/g、Yb=1.04~1.54μg/g、Y=12.0~17.5μg/g、Eu/Eu*=0.85~0.97、Sr/Y=29~46、LaN/YbN=13~28), 同位素上具有高的初始87Sr/86Sr(0.705464~0.705812)比值, 低的εNd(122Ma)(-6.12~-12.80)值特征, 同时样品中存在具有反环带的辉石斑晶, 辉石中稀土元素含量分布存在着从核部到边部逐渐降低的趋势, 且存在负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.64~0.76).结合前人对彰武义县组下部火山岩的研究, 笔者倾向认为该套火山岩的成因是拆沉作用与岩浆混合作用共同作用的结果, 即拆沉作用导致软流圈地幔物质上涌加热下地壳形成的长英质岩浆, 与来自地幔由拆沉作用形成的埃达克质高镁安山岩浆混合形成. 相似文献
8.
义县组研究的新认识 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
辽西地区义县组是一套中生代陆相火山-沉积岩系,主要由中-基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩及湖泊相(包含少量的河流相)沉积岩构成。依据火山活动的规律性,将义县组划分为4个岩性段,自下而上为：底砾岩 基性-中基性火山岩段;湖相沉积(或称珍稀化石层)岩 中性、酸性火山岩段;基性、中基性-酸性、偏碱性火山岩段和砾岩(包括沉火山角砾岩) 中酸性、偏碱性火山岩段。义县组中包含6个化石层位,其中义县组一段的底砾岩和基性、中基性火山岩的(沉)凝灰岩中产有丰富的以鹦鹉嘴龙为主的古脊椎动物化石;二段的湖相沉积岩中含有大量热河生物群化石,包括著名的中华龙鸟、孔子鸟和辽宁古果等珍稀化石,是义县组的最主要化石产出层位,且湖相化石层基本上为同一时期的产物。根据化石研究和同位素测定结果,将义县组的时代定为早白垩世。 相似文献
9.
长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩富硅、富碱,岩石以非碱性系列为主,包括钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,碱性系列火山岩为钾玄岩系列。酸性岩与中、基性岩的微量元素特征差别明显,岩石总体微量元素特征与造山带火山岩相似,富集LREE、Rb、K和大离子亲石元素,TiO2含量低,贫Sr。火山岩的形成与造山带岩石圈拆沉作用引起地壳拉张减薄的大地构造背景有关。研究区基性火山岩为地幔岩部分熔融作用的产物,岩浆演化过程中存在单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物的分离结晶作用,中性岩为原生玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,营城组酸性火山岩的形成与构造活动存在直接关系,为构造剪切挤压应力致使上地壳重熔的结果。 相似文献
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杭州河上地区是浙西北上元古界上墅组火山岩发育的典型地区,同时还发育新元古代辉绿岩和碱长花岗岩板状复合浅成侵入体。火山岩与侵入岩在空间上密切共生,形成时间相近,皆为晋宁晚期构造岩浆活动的产物。火山喷发并伴随的岩浆侵入经历了两个阶段,每个阶段的火山岩与侵入岩在岩石类型、岩石化学和地球化学方面具有相似性或一致性,稀土元素分布型式基本一致,说明每个阶段的火山岩与侵入岩来源于同一岩浆源,均是同源岩浆活动的产物。第一阶段上墅组基性火山岩与次坞辉绿岩体起源于亏损程度较低的地幔,或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到陆壳物质的混染;第二阶段上墅组酸性火山岩与道林山碱长花岗岩体可能起源于地壳中既含有基性地壳组分和又含有酸性地壳组分的源区的部分熔融。 相似文献
11.
地壳与弱化岩石圈地幔的相互作用:以燕山造山带为例 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
燕山造山带中生代发育4期钙碱性火山活动,它们的源区组成都是受壳幔相互作用的制约,其中髫髻山组和义县组分布广泛,具有代表性．髫髻山组岩性比较单一,地球化学参数变化范围小,岩浆的AFC作用不强烈,源区成分不复杂．依据Kay et al．(1991)的方法,估算了早-中侏罗世燕山地区的地壳厚度为40-45 km.髫髻山组粗安岩是在加厚的地壳 (40-45 km)条件下,源区是含角闪石的石榴石麻粒岩 底侵的基性岩的壳幔过渡带熔融形成．义县组火山岩的源区为下地壳 岩石圈地幔,地幔组分较髫髻山组增加．研究区中生代早期地壳开始加厚,发生下地壳拆沉,进入流变学性质改变了的“弱化的岩石圈地幔”,二者发生作用．岩石圈地幔在中生代晚期受到流体、熔体、地幔矿物中活化的分子水、剪切构造作用,以及温、压条件改变的影响,导致岩石圈地幔发生不均一的局部弱化,为容纳拆沉的下地壳提供了优化场所．推测弱化岩石圈地幔出现于135 Ma以后燕山地区发育的小型拉伸盆地之下,以及对应的小型软流圈底辟体之上．上述模型可以与俯冲带的楔形地幔与俯冲洋壳的相互作用相对比． 相似文献
12.
Diagnostic mafic silicate assemblages in a continuous spectrum of Aleutian volcanic rocks provide evidence for contrasts in
magmatic processes in the Aleutian arc crust. Tectonic segmentation of the arc exerts a primary control on the variable mixing,
fractional crystallization and possible assimilation undergone by the magmas. End members of the continuum are termed calc-alkaline
(CA) and tholeiitic (TH). CA volcanic rocks (e.g., Buldir and Moffett volcanoes) have low FeO/MgO ratios and contain compositionally
diverse phenocryst populations, indicating magma mixing. Their Ni and Cr-rich magnesian olivine and clinopyroxene come from
mantle-derived mafic olivine basalts that have mixed with more fractionated magmas at mid-to lower-crustal levels immediately
preceding eruption. High-Al amphibole is associated with the mafic end member. In contrast, TH lavas (e.g., Okmok and Westdahl
volcanoes) have high FeO/MgO ratios and contain little evidence for mixing. Evolved lavas represent advanced stages of low
pressure crystallization from a basaltic magma. These lavas contain groundmass olivine (FO 40–50) and lack Ca-poor pyroxene.
Aleutian volcanic rocks with intermediate FeO/MgO ratios are termed transitional tholeiitic (TTH) and calc-alkaline (TCA).
TCA magmas are common (e.g., Moffett, Adagdak, Great Sitkin, and Kasatochi volcanoes) and have resulted from mixing of high-Al
basalt with more evolved magmas. They contain amphibole (high and low-Al) or orthopyroxene or both and are similar to the
Japanese hypersthene-series. TTH magmas (e.g., Okmok and Westdahl) contain orthopyroxene or pigeonite or both, and show some
indication of upper crustal mixing. They are mineralogically similar to the Japanese pigeonite-series. High-Al basalt lacks
Mg-rich mafic phases and is a derivative magma produced by high pressure fractionation of an olivine tholeiite. The low pressure
mineral assemblage of high-Al basalt results from crystallization at higher crustal levels. 相似文献
13.
Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim Khalaf 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(4):663-695
Nugara volcanics are one of the northernmost outcrops of the Arabian?CNubian Shield. Two distinct volcanic successions are found in the Nugara basin: (1) old volcanic sequence composed of voluminous medium- to high-K calc-alkaline lavas and minor alkali basalt and (2) young volcanic sequence composed of subordinate tholeiitic mafic lavas. Their eruptions were punctuated by occasional volcaniclastic deposits that generated fall, flow, or reworked suites compositionally identical to the lava flows. These volcanics are a part of a post-subduction and extensional-related magmatic event in Northeastern Desert of Egypt. The volcanic rocks of the Nugara basin are characterized by strong enrichment in LILE relative to HESF, high LILE/HFSE ratios, and depletions of Nb on MORB-normalized multi-element diagrams. The geochemical features of the volcanic rocks suggest that they experienced fractional crystallization, along with mixing processes. Crustal contributions to the magma sources may also have occurred during magmatic evolution. These processes have resulted in scattered major and trace element variations with respect to increasing silica contents. The model proposed for their origin involves contrasting ascent paths and differentiation histories through crustal columns with different thermal and density gradients. The geochemical features of the most mafic samples suggest that the volcanic rocks in the region were derived from a mainly lithospheric mantle source that had been heterogeneously metasomatized by previous subduction events during convergence between the East and West Gondwanaland. The volcanic activity in the region is best explained by the delamination of lithospheric mantle slices that were heterogeneously enriched by previous subduction-related processes. 相似文献
14.
Mafic enclaves are commonly found in intermediate arc magmas, and their occurrence has been linked to eruption triggering by pre-eruptive magma mixing processes. New major, trace, Sr–Nd and U–Th isotope data of rocks from Nisyros in the Aegean volcanic arc are presented here. Pre-caldera samples display major and trace element trends that are consistent with fractionation of magnetite and apatite within intermediate compositions, and zircon within felsic compositions, and preclude extensive hybridization between mafic and felsic magmas. In contrast, post-caldera dacites form a mixing trend towards their mafic enclaves. In terms of U-series isotopes, most samples show small 238U excesses of up to 10%. Mafic enclaves have significantly higher U/Th ratios than their dacitic host lavas, precluding simple models that relate the mafic and felsic magmas by fractionation or aging alone. A more complicated petrogenetic scenario is required. The post-caldera dacites are interpreted to represent material remobilized from a young igneous protolith following influx of fresh mafic magma, consistent with the U–Th data and with Sr–Nd isotope constraints that point to very limited (< 10%) assimilation of old crust at Nisyros. When these results are compared to data from Santorini in the same arc, there are many geochemical similarities between the two volcanic centers during the petrogenesis of the pre-caldera samples. However, striking differences are apparent for the post-caldera lavas: in Nisyros, dacites show geochemical and textural evidence for magma mixing and remobilization by influx of mafic melts, and they erupt as viscous lava domes; in Santorini, evidence for geochemical hybridization of dacites and mafic enclaves is weak, dacite petrogenesis does not involve protolith remobilization, and lavas erupt as less viscous flows. Despite these differences, it appears that mafic enclaves in intermediate Aegean arc magmas consistently yield timescales of at least 100 kyrs between U enrichment of the mantle wedge and eruption, on the upper end of those estimated for the eruptive products of mafic arc volcanoes. Finally, the data presented here provide constraints on the rates of differentiation from primitive arc basalts to dacites (less than 140 kyrs), and on the crustal residence time of evolved igneous protoliths prior to their remobilization by mafic arc magmas (greater than 350 kyrs). 相似文献
15.
碧口群火山岩岩石成因研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
新元古代(846~776Ma)碧口群火山岩喷发于大陆板内裂谷环境。该火山岩系以基性火山岩为主,酸性火山岩次之,中性火山岩少见。根据岩石地球化学数据,碧口群裂谷基性熔岩总体上属于低Ti/Y(<500)岩浆类型。元素和同位素数据表明,碧口群基性熔岩的化学变化不是由一个共同的母岩浆的结晶分异作用所产生。它们极有可能是源于地幔柱源(εNd(t)≈+3,87Sr/86Sr(t)≈0.704,La/Nb≈0.7)。地壳混染作用对于碧口群裂谷基性熔岩的形成有重要贡献。我们的研究揭示,碧口群火山岩存在空间上的岩石地球化学变化。东部红岩沟和辛田坝—黑木林地区的碧口群基性熔岩以拉斑玄武岩为主,产生于幔源石榴子石稳定区的高度部分熔融。相反,西部白杨—碧口地区的碧口群基性熔岩的母岩浆则是形成于幔源的尖晶石-石榴子石过渡带:碱性熔岩是产生于部分熔融程度较低的条件下,拉斑玄武质熔岩则是产生于部分熔融条件较高的条件下。它们经受了浅层位辉长岩质(cpx+plag±ol)分离作用,化学变异较大。 相似文献
16.
The Shiribeshi Seamount off northwestern Hokkaido, the Sea of Japan, is a rear-arc volcano in the Northeast Japan arc. This seamount is composed of calc-alkaline and high-K basaltic to andesitic lavas containing magnesian olivine phenocrysts and mantle peridotite xenoliths. Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the andesite lavas indicate evidence for the reaction with the mantle peridotite xenoliths and magma mixing between mafic and felsic magmas. Geochemical modelling shows that the felsic end-member was possibly derived from melting of an amphibolitic mafic crust. Chemical compositions of the olivine phenocrysts and their chromian spinel inclusions indicate that the Shiribeshi Seamount basalts in this study was derived from a primary magma in equilibrium with relatively fertile mantle peridotites, which possibly represents the mafic end-member of the magma mixing. Trace-element and REE data indicate that the basalts were produced by low degree of partial melting of garnet-bearing lherzolitic source. Preliminary results from the mantle peridotite xenoliths indicate that they were probably originated from the mantle beneath the Sea of Japan rather than beneath the Northeast Japan arc. 相似文献
17.
东南沿海中生代火山岩带地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国东南沿海位于太平洋板块和欧亚板块的结合处,广泛分布着中生代火山岩,并伴随有大规模的成矿作用。酸性火山岩占绝对优势,基性中性火山岩仅零星出露。酸性和中性火山岩为一套富碱、富钾、富铝、低钛的高钾钙碱性系列,基性火山岩为一套富硅贫碱的高钾和中钾钙碱性系列。从基性到酸性火山岩稀土分馏和铕的负异常逐渐加剧。基性火山岩贫Nb、Zr、Y,弱富集Ba、Hf、Th、Ce。中性火山岩和酸性火山岩贫Ba、Ti、P、Nb、Zr、Ta、Sr,强烈富集Pb。通过主量、微量和稀土元素的研究认为,基性火山岩和酸性火山岩为独立的岩浆起源,在中生代,东南沿海广泛存在着玄武岩的底侵作用,给下地壳提供了大量的热源,从而诱发了下地壳重熔,形成了大量的酸性火山岩。中性火山岩由酸性和基性岩浆混合形成,其地球化学特征主要受酸性岩浆的制约。 相似文献
18.
Paul C. Buchanan Christian Koeberl Wolf Uwe Reimold 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,137(1-2):133-146
The Precambrian Dullstroom Formation of South Africa, which is predominantly composed of basaltic andesites interbedded with
subordinate sedimentary and felsic volcanic strata, represents the first phase of an extended period of magmatism that was
responsible for the Bushveld Magmatic Province, including the extrusive Rooiberg Group and the intrusive Bushveld Complex.
New geochemical and isotopic data for the Dullstroom Formation are presented in an effort to elucidate the petrogenetic processes
operative during the initiation of this magmatic episode. The volcanic units of the central portion of the Dullstroom Formation
have been subdivided into at least three interbedded compositional groups: low Ti mafic to intermediate units, high-Ti mafic
to intermediate units, and high Mg felsic units. High Ti and low Ti volcanic units are similar in some compositional characteristics
to basalts of the nearby northern and southern provinces, respectively, of the Mesozoic Karoo continental flood basalts. Isotopic
and compositional data for low Ti Dullstroom strata are consistent with bulk assimilation into a melt similar in composition
to a southern Karoo basalt of 20% upper continental crust accompanied by 20% fractional crystallization of pyroxene and plagioclase.
Isotopic and compositional data for high Ti Dullstroom strata are consistent with magma mixing of 30% northern Karoo K-rich
basalt and 70% southern Karoo basalt followed by 20% assimilation of upper continental crust and 20% fractional crystallization
of pyroxene and plagioclase. Compositions of high Mg felsic volcanic strata are consistent with 25% assimilation of a mixture
of silica-rich sedimentary rock and upper continental crust into a melt similar in composition to low Ti volcanic units with
25% fractional crystallization of pyroxene and plagioclase. However, it has been suggested that compositions of these high
Mg felsic strata may also be consistent with interaction of a crustal melt. Assimilation, fractional crystallization, and
magma mixing that apparently affected these Dullstroom Formation volcanic strata may have occurred in a series of shallow
magma chambers. These data are consistent with the suggestion that Dullstroom Formation volcanic rocks are the result of a
mantle plume. Mantle plume origin also is suggested by the large volume of intrusive and extrusive strata associated with
this magmatic episode. These data do not support the hypothesis that the Bushveld Complex and the Rooiberg Group formed by
impacts of a cluster of comets or asteroids.
Received: 14 October 1998 / Accepted: 17 May 1999 相似文献
19.
多伦地区晚中生代中酸性火山岩地球化学特征表明：区内中酸性火山岩属高钾-钾玄、碱性-钙碱性系列,具后碰撞火山岩特征;岩石轻重稀土分馏现象明显;Rb、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE)及Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素(HFSE)相对富集,Ba、Nb、Sr、P和Ti亏损;岩石锆石定年结果显示:满克头鄂博组流纹岩锆石年龄为163.2±2.1 Ma,属晚侏罗世;义县组粗面岩锆石年龄为144.2±1.4Ma,属早白垩世;岩浆起源为中-下地壳,部分存在地幔组分的混合。早期火山旋回中的岩石组合具有不同的岩浆来源,晚期火山旋回中的岩石组合具有相同的岩浆来源,岩浆演化特征以分离结晶作用为主。通过岩石化学和岩石地球化学特征对岩石形成的大地构造环境研究认为：满克头鄂博组到玛尼吐组位于碰撞后-火山弧构造环境,玛尼吐组到白音高老组位于火山弧-弧后伸展构造环境,白音高老组到义县组位于弧后伸展-裂谷构造环境。 相似文献
20.
Generation of Deccan Trap magmas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gautam Sen 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(4):409-431
Deccan Trap magmas may have erupted through multiple centers, the most prominent of which may have been a shield volcano-like
structure in the Western Ghats area. The lavas are predominantly tholeiitic; alkalic mafic lavas and carbonatites are rare.
Radioisotope dating, magnetic chronology, and age constraints from paleontology indicate that although the eruption started
some 68 Ma, the bulk of lavas erupted at around 65–66 Ma. Paleomagnetic constraints indicate an uncertainty of ± 500,000 years
for peak volcanic activity at 65 m.y. in the type section of the Western Ghats. Maximum magma residence times were calculated
in this study based on growth rates of “giant plagioclase” crystals in lavas that marked the end phase of volcanic activity
of different magma chambers. These calculations suggest that the > 1.7 km thick Western Ghats section might have erupted within
a much shorter time interval of ∼ 55,000 years, implying phenomenal eruption rates that are orders of magnitude larger than
any present-day eruption rate from any tectonic environment. Other significant observations/conclusions are as follows: (1)
Deccan lavas can be grouped into stratigraphic subdivisions based on their geochemistry; (2) While some formations are relatively
uncontaminated others are strongly contaminated by the continental crust; (3) Deccan magmas were produced by 15–30% melting
of a Fe-rich lherzolitic source at ∼ 3–2 GPa; (4) Parent magmas of the relatively uncontaminated Ambenali formation had a
primitive composition with 16%MgO, 47%SiO2; (5) Deccan magmas were generated much deeper and by significantly more melting than other continental flood basalt provinces;
(6) The erupted Deccan tholeiitic lavas underwent fractionation and magma mixing at ∼ 0.2 GPa. The composition and origin
of the crust and crust/mantle boundary beneath the Deccan are discussed with respect to the influence of Deccan magmatic episode. 相似文献