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基坑支护是基坑工程的重要组成部分,工程建设规模的扩大和建设速度的加快推动着基坑支护技术的蓬勃发展。近些年来涌现出一系列新型基坑支护技术,如双排桩支护技术、玻璃纤维土钉墙支护技术、预应力锚索支护技术及浆囊袋锚杆支护技术等新技术。本文简要介绍了这几种基坑支护新技术的基本工作原理、工程适用条件及工作特性等,期望对工程技术人员参加工程建设有所裨益,对基坑支护技术的创新发展有所帮助。 相似文献
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支护参数对复合支护基坑变形的影响分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
复合支护技术作为一种有效支护浅基坑（H≤7 m）的围护结构得到了广泛运用。在工程实践的基础上,运用平面弹塑性有限元法,从不同的支护方法及支护参数分析讨论了对变形的影响,初步得出基坑的侧向变形特性。对于采用复合支护的基坑,它的最大位移发生在基底附近,这与采用土钉支护的基坑不同。对于复合支护的基坑,采用适当的坡度可有效地提高支护效果。 相似文献
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土钉墙在超软地基基坑支护中的应用 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
在论述宁波市区软弱地基特征及基坑支护结构现状的基础上,分析了采用土钉墙支护结构支护深度6.0 ~7.0 m软弱基坑的可行性。在镇海炼化工程的超软弱地基中,用土钉墙来支护深度为6.0 m的基坑,并获得成功,开辟了用土钉墙支护宁波软弱基坑的先例。由于宁波软弱地基的特殊性,应对土钉墙实施过程中可能出现的问题进行预测和预防。详细地介绍了土钉墙设计施工的经验和教训,并提出了适用于宁波软土基坑的土钉墙基坑支护型式。由于土钉墙基坑支护结构的经济合理性,可以在宁波市区的基坑支护中推广应用。 相似文献
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针对临河及岩石基坑支护问题,文章深入研究了该种形式基坑的支护设计特点,结合长沙市浏阳河隧道北段明挖暗埋段基坑工程实例,通过对各种方案进行技术经济比选分析,确定了该工程经济合适的基坑支护和降止水方案。 相似文献
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某工程坑中坑塌滑原因分析及加固设计 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基坑支护结构设计中,坑中坑的设计直接影响到基坑支护结构的安全和经济,况且不少基坑支护结构的工程事故与坑中坑的不合理设计密切有关。结合某土钉墙基坑支护结构失稳的工程实例,分析了基坑支护结构失事的根本原因,提出了基坑支护结构的加固设计方法,同时也提出了基坑支护结构设计中坑中坑的设计方法,研究了基坑支护结构与坑中坑之间的相互制约和相互影响。研究表明,坑中坑对地下室基坑支护结构的整体稳定性影响较大,而基坑支护结构对坑中坑中的支护桩的内力影响相对较小。 相似文献
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与既有地铁结构临近深大基坑的支护设计因受到各种因素的影响,极易出现支护设计过于冒进或过于保守两种情况。本文探讨的与地铁临近深大基坑支护设计的优化方法,在阐述基坑支护设计优化方案的同时,根据拟建基坑与紧邻地铁结构在空间上的位置关系,将此类型基坑又细分为拟建基坑位于地铁隧道上方、拟开挖基坑位于地铁结构一侧开挖深度小于地铁结构基础埋深及基坑开挖深度大于地铁埋深三种类型。明确了设计优化阶段的划分及流程,并通过案例介绍,指出通过对多个单项工程优化经验的积累,可进一步提高该类型基坑支护设计的整体水平。 相似文献
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基于某软土地区的桩锚联合支护的基坑项目,结合M idas G T S软件对该基坑进行渗流应力耦合作用下基坑降水开挖过程的三维建模,研究渗流应力耦合下基坑不同工况下的变形规律及支护结构位移变化情况,分析造成该基坑地表沉降及坑底隆起过大的原因.研究结果表明桩锚联合支护能够很好地约束软土基坑的侧向形变,但无法很好控制基坑内土... 相似文献
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既有基坑延深开挖稳定性评价与支护方案确定 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以北京市某特殊基坑工程为背景,采用FLAC3D软件,选用Mohr-Coulomb准则,对基坑在现有支护方案条件下进行延深开挖,计算分析桩锚支护体系的变形、受力情况。结果表明,基坑在现有支护方案条件下进行延深开挖将导致护坡桩抗弯性能不足、支护结构水平位移过大、锚固体系失效等问题,要保证基坑延深开挖后的安全稳定,必须对护坡桩增设支点,增加支护力。根据设计变更要求及施工现场实际条件,对多种加固支护方案进行比选,最终选用对护坡桩增设锚索的方案进行延深基坑的预加固。采用数值方法模拟分析上述加固方案后的基坑延深开挖力学行为,预测基坑及支护结构的变形情况,并与现场监测数据进行对比分析。结果表明,基坑延深开挖预加固支护方案合理有效,表明该方法对于类似工程的设计优化及现场施工具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
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古尔班通古特沙漠工程地质问题--以输水工程为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沙漠的工程地质问题随工程类型的不同而不同。本文以输水工程为例,概要地论述了沙漠工程地质问题。风沙危害是沙漠中带有普遍性的问题,频繁而强劲的风力和地表充足的砂粒为风沙危害提供了条件;砂土湿陷性主要与其密度大小有关,当砂的干密度达到1 64g cm3时,湿陷性系数均小于0 015,即可消除湿陷性;渗透变形的形式为流土,破坏临界比降为0 9～1 73,属抗渗能力低的细粒砂土;天然沙漠砂为不冻胀砂,当含水量≤18%时为不冻胀—弱冻胀砂,饱和时为冻胀砂;挖方形成的高边坡在风蚀作用下使坡面增长,裸砂面积加大,加剧对渠道的淤积。 相似文献
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边坡非圆弧临界滑动面搜索是边坡稳定性计算中的一个关键问题,其实质是找到一条安全系数最小的滑动路径。采用新的全局最优化算法--径向移动优化算法搜索路径相对其他算法具有快速、存储空间小、计算简单等优势,但却存在搜索结果不稳定的现象,为克服这个问题,对其数据结构进行调整,提出了改进的径向移动算法,使路径搜索趋于稳定。搜索到的滑动面路径对应的安全系数采用不平衡推力法进行计算,在可行性分析的基础上,采用二分法对安全系数快速、精确地求解。通过一个水库岸坡的算例计算,验证了改进的径向移动算法用于非圆弧临界滑动面搜索的有效性。又通过分析对比改进的径向移动优化算法和粒子群算法的搜索结果,展示了改进的径向移动算法快速收敛,稳定性高的显著优势。 相似文献
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概化的Tank模型及其在龙羊峡水库汛期旬平均入库流量预报中的应用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
Tank模型（又称为水箱模型），是一种用于流域径流预报的确定性水文模型，根据龙羊峡水库入库主要产流区－－黄河上游唐乃亥水文站以上流域下垫面条件下产汇流特性，将其概化为以降雨量为输入，径流量为输出的单孔出流的线性水箱，工用于该水库汛期旬平均入库流量的预报，经对历史资料进行拟合和试验预报的 结果表明，该模型具有较高的预报精度，现已应用于黄河上游龙羊峡水库汛期旬平均入库来水量的中期预报中，取得了十分显著的经济效益。 相似文献
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We simulate a large-scale flooding in the province of South-Holland in the economic centre of the Netherlands. In traditional research, damage due to flooding is computed with a unit loss method coupling land use information to depth-damage functions. Normally only direct costs are incorporated as an estimate of damage to infrastructure, property and business disruption. We extend this damage concept with the indirect economic effects on the rest of the regional and national economy on basis of a bi-regional input output table.We broaden this damage estimation to the concept of vulnerability. Vulnerability is defined as a function of dependence, redundancy and susceptibility. Susceptibility is the probability and extent of flooding. Dependency is the degree to which an activity relates to other economic activities in the rest of the country. Input–output multipliers form representations of this dependency. Redundancy is the ability of an economic activity to respond to a disaster by deferring, using substitutes or relocating. We measure redundancy as the degree of centrality of an economic activity in a network. The more central an activity is, the less it encounters possibilities to transfer production and the more vulnerable it is for flooding. Vulnerability of economic activities is then visualized in a GIS. Kernel density estimation is applied to generalize point information on inundated firms to sectoral information in space. We apply spatial interpolation techniques for the whole of the province of South-Holland. Combining information of sectoral data on dependency and redundancy, we are able to create maps of economic hotspots. Our simulation of a flood in the centre of Holland reveals the vulnerability of a densely populated delta. 相似文献
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The mobility of long-runout landslides 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Several issues relevant to the mobility of long-runout landslides are examined. A central idea developed in this paper is that the apparent coefficient of friction (ratio of the fall height to the runout distance) commonly used to describe landslide mobility is physically meaningless. It is proposed that the runout distance depends primarily on the volume and not on the fall height, which just adds scatter to the correlation. The negative correlation observed between the apparent coefficient of friction and the volume is just due to the fact that, on the gentle slopes on which landslides travel and come to rest, a large increase in runout distance due to a large volume corresponds to a small increase in the total fall height, hence to a decrease in the apparent coefficient of friction.
It is shown that the spreading of a fluid-absent, granular flow is not able to explain the large runout distances of landslides, and in particular does not allow the centre of mass to travel further than expected for a sliding block. This contrasts with the behaviour of natural landslides, for which the centre of mass is shown to travel much further than expected from a simple Coulomb model. The presence of an interstitial fluid which can partly or entirely support the load of particles allows the effective coefficient of solid friction to be reduced or even suppressed. Air is not efficient for fluidising large landslides and a loose debris cannot slide over a basal layer of entrapped and compressed air, as air would rapidly pass through the debris in the form of bubbles during batch sedimentation. Water is much more efficient as a fluidising medium due to its higher density and viscosity, and its incompressibility. As water is known to enhance the mobility of the saturated debris flows, it is proposed that water is also responsible for the long runout of landslides. This is consistent with the fact that the increase in runout with volume is similar for debris flows and landslides. Field evidence suggests that most landslides are unsaturated with water but not dry, even on Mars.
Comparison of the velocity of well-documented landslides with that predicted by fluid-absent, granular models shows that these models predict landslides that are much faster and less responsive to topography than natural ones. The relatively low velocities of landslides suggest that energy dissipation is dominated by a velocity-dependent stress and that the coefficient of solid friction is very low. This is consistent with the physics of fluidised or partly fluidised debris and suggests that landslide velocity may be controlled by local slope and flow thickness rather than by the initial fall height. In the absence of a supply of fluid at the base, fluidisation requires a net downward flux of sediment, implying some deposition at the base of landslides, which may thus progressively run out of material. In such a model, the spreading of the portion of a landslide beyond a certain distance would primarily depend on the volume passing this distance and not on the total volume of the landslide. Landslide deposits may therefore have self-similar shapes, in which the area covered beyond a certain distance is a constant function of the volume beyond that distance. It is shown that the shape of some well-documented landslide deposits is in reasonable agreement with this prediction. One consequence is that, as recently proposed for debris flows, assessment of hazards related to landslides should be based on the correlation between the volume and the area covered by the deposit, rather than on the apparent coefficient of friction. 相似文献
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This paper presents a fuzzy set-based robust geotechnical design (RGD) methodology for the design of shield-driven tunnels. Here, uncertain geotechnical parameters required for analysis of tunnel performance (referred to herein as the structure safety and serviceability performance of tunnel cross section) are represented as fuzzy sets. Given fuzzy input parameters, the performance of a shield-driven tunnel will be uncertain, which is expressed in this study as a fuzzy factor of safety, according to the analysis of vertex method. Then, the fuzzy factor of safety for a given design is used to evaluate the failure probability and design robustness, which are, in turn, employed in the proposed RGD framework. Note that a design is considered robust if the performance of the shield-driven tunnel is insensitive to the variation of its uncertain geotechnical parameters. Within the RGD framework, each candidate design in the design space is analyzed for its safety state (in terms of failure probability), design robustness, and cost. The goal of the RGD of a shield-driven tunnel is to bring the safety state to an acceptable level, while maximizing the robustness and cost efficiency simultaneously. To this end, a multi-objective optimization is performed and a Pareto front is obtained, which provides a trade-off that may be used to select the most preferred design. Through an illustrative case, the effectiveness and significance of this new robust design methodology is demonstrated. 相似文献
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A detailed examination of the frequency content of ground vibration is presented in terms of the so-called instantaneous frequency and time-frequency analysis. These techniques, and others, are applied to the surface vibration from a mass blast that triggered a large seismic event and to an earthquake vibration measured in the walls of a massive dam. As an associated issue it is shown that the relationship between peak levels of acceleration and velocity also reveals information on the frequency content of ground vibration. It is demonstrated quite clearly that the popular zero-crossing method cannot be used to obtain the frequency associated with the peak vibration level. In fact it is a false notion that one particular frequency can be associated with the peak level except for the ideal (and impractical) case of a single sinusoid. Realistically, there is a distribution of frequencies associated with the peak level, and a technique of sliding filters is suggested in order to examine the dependence of the peak level upon this frequency content. In light of the sliding filter approach, a new frequency dependent criterion for allowable levels of vibration is presented. This criterion is a completely continuous and well-defined function of frequency and so is more realistic than the current criteria which are only piecewise continuous and based upon an ill-defined frequency. The new criterion is applied to vibration data obtained from quarries and underground operations and is also applied to a model of resonant vibrations in urban dwellings. 相似文献
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D. H. Zou 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1995,13(1):17-27
Summary In mining and geotechnical engineering, it is usually necessary to carry out field measurements in order to obtain information. Parameters are often measured indirectly and calculated based on certain relationships to the measured quantities. More often, the number of measurements taken is greater than the minimum required, in order to increase the reliability of results. However, some data points are less reliable than others for reasons such as measurement errors; a solution which best fits the measurement data is obtained accordingly. As a result, there is a residual or a difference between the individual quantities measured and those predicted from the best-fit solution. This brings about a question of how big a residual is acceptable for a solution to be reliable. It is also important to know whether the data point with the largest residual is the most erroneous, whether those data points with large residuals should be deleted and how many of them should be deleted. Standard deviation may provide a measure of the data divergence but it is questionable if this parameter can be used as a measure of the reliability of solution. In order to solve these problems, the author has done extensive study in this area, especially as part of geotechnical data analysis. In this paper, the statistical multiple regression method is introduced to analyse the measurement data. The method is applied to the analysis ofin situ stress measurement and can be easily adopted to analyse data from other field measurements and laboratory tests. An example is included which illustrates the analysis procedure and shows the advantages of the method. 相似文献
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The representation of the surface of a rock fracture and a numerical method to simulate fluid flow in single fractures are the keys to understanding the hydraulic behaviour of rock fractures. In this paper, a cellular automaton (CA) approach is used to generate the single fracture structure, which is assumed to be composed of contacts and voids. We develop a CA evolution rule to produce a contact area, and randomly model a single rock fracture with different contact ratios to reflect natural fracture properties such as dead voids, islands and tortuous flow path. Then, based on the localisation theory of a CA, a numerical method to simulate fluid flow in single fractures with contacts is developed. In this method, the fracture is discretised into a system composed of cell elements. Different apertures, i.e., zero for contacts and non-zero for voids, are assigned to each cell element. Therefore, the contribution of the cell elements in a contact on a cell’s transmissivity can be ignored completely. The local transmissivity is assumed to conform to the cubic law. The fluid flow in a fracture with different contact situations is then modelled using the method established in this paper. The fluid flow path, flow velocity and fluid head distributions as well as the channel flow in the fracture are well-modelled. The flow behaviour of the fracture strongly depends on the effective fluid flow path. 相似文献
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