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1.
地下水数值模拟是地下水资源评价的重要方法之一。应用GMS软件建立靖安水源地的地下水流数值模型,利用该模型对设计的不同开采方案进行模拟,预测降水保证率95%条件下各方案开采20年后的地下水流场变化及水位变化情况。结果表明,当水源地总开采量为10万m3/d时,地下水流场能够达到稳定状态,中心水位降深较小,不会对生态环境造成明显影响。 相似文献
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为了更加准确地确定含水层参数,提出了利用地下水流数值模拟软件Modflow耦合大型抽水试验和长观孔水位两个模型的方法,对含水层参数进行了识别与校验。该方法求得的含水层参数避免了只利用抽水试验模型校验所带来的不确定性,同时利用抽水实验数据进行抽水与恢复的全过程曲线拟合,水位降深模拟相对误差小于6%,提高了含水层参数的准确性。 相似文献
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为了获取裂隙含水层水文地质参数,以黑龙江省七台河市应急水源地为例,在抽水试验和示踪试验基础上,利用数值模拟软件GMS(Groundwater Modeling System)建立地下水流数值模型和溶质运移模型。通过研究溶质运移单域模型和两区模型,发现在裂隙含水层中两区模型能更好的描述穿透曲线的拖尾现象。实例研究表明利用数值模拟方法反演的含水层参数与解析法结果很接近,数值模拟的水均衡误差为0.024%,参数可靠性较高。研究发现该地区裂隙连通性较好,可作为应急水源地。 相似文献
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利用地下水流数值模拟软件Modflow耦合大型抽水试验和长观孔水位两个模型的方法,对含水层参数进行了识别与校验,该方法求得的含水层参数避免了只利用抽水试验模型校验所带来的不确定性。同时利用抽水实验数据进行抽水与恢复的全过程曲线拟合,水位降深模拟相对误差小于6％,并且对均衡水量、泉水的溢出量以及末流场拟合程度进行了分析,均衡水量模拟相对误差最大为2．6％,泉水溢出量模拟相对误差最大为8．14％,末流场拟合程度也较好,从而提高了含水层参数的准确性。实例研究表明,这种求参方法精度高、切实可行,可以推广到其他的含水层参数确定中。 相似文献
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露天煤矿开采的矿坑排水量和水位降深是决定煤矿首采时间的关键问题。利用GMS软件建立了黑龙江省东部宝清露天煤矿首采区三层含水层和两层弱透水层组成的地下水渗流数值模拟模型,再利用实测资料对所建立的模型进行了参数识别和模型验证。在综合考虑经济效益和降水效果的条件下,再利用该模型对不同方案下地下水流场的变化进行了预测,据此提出了露天煤矿首采区最优的布井方案（86眼降水井）及相应的开采量（95 718.84 m3/d）,预测了首采区地下水位的下降过程（平均下降速度为0.17 m/d）。 相似文献
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基于LHS方法的地下水流模型不确定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以理想地下水流问题为例,采用拉丁超立方取样(LHS)方法分析地下水流模型中水文地质参数以及源汇项等的不确定性对模拟结果的影响。另外,利用Spearman偏(秩)相关系数和标准(秩)回归系数分析方法对参数的灵敏度进行分析。结果表明LHS方法是地下水流模型随机分析的有效途径。 相似文献
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苏锡常地区主采层地下水流数值模拟 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
本次数值模拟是从苏锡常整个大区域考虑,建立统一的主采层地下水流模拟模型,通过对水文地质概念模型的重新认识及边界条件的合理概化,较大程度地减少了人为因素引起的误差。利用已校正过的模型对该地区禁采后地下水水位恢复情况进行了预测,结果显示该模型较适用于实际。 相似文献
10.
为了探究水文地质结构对地下水流数值模拟的不确定性,可以运用随机模拟建立地下水位的预测模型。根据转移概率地质统计方法模拟多孔介质岩性分布,利用非线性规划的思路计算岩性与水文地质参数之间的关系,从而建立相对精确的随机水文地质参数场。将不同的水文地质参数场运用到MODFLOW中,得到不同的随机模拟结果。通过比较随机模型和确定模型的末流场拟合情况以及水位动态拟合图,发现确定模型和随机模型具有相似趋势,都能与实测流场拟合较好,但是随机模型更能体现真实的水文地质特征。对随机模型预测10年后的地下水水位做不确定性分析,得到水位平均变幅介于-5～5 m之间,且95%置信度水位变幅的平均上限线约为0.146 m。研究结果为决策者提供科学依据。 相似文献
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潜水水流的动态随机模拟是一个复杂而难解决的问题.通过建立二维潜水非稳定流模拟的摄动随机有限元模型, 把控制方程的主要参数渗透系数和给水度随机变量、及源汇项和边界条件看作随机变量.在充分考虑4种随机因素的条件下, 推导出求解潜水二维非稳定流均值和方差的9个方程; 重点介绍了不同方程数值离散的特殊处理方法.通过设定理想例子对模拟结果进行了分析, 表明随机变量中边界条件值方差、渗透系数方差变化对水头方差变化的影响很小, 给水度方差的变化对水头方差的变化影响很大.本模型考虑因素全面, 对一般的潜水非稳定流随机模拟都可应用.本研究给出了边界、渗透系数、给水度的随机因素对潜水动态模拟的影响, 丰富和补充了地下水运动的随机理论. 相似文献
12.
Modeling water-table fluctuations in a sloping aquifer with random hydraulic conductivity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To prevent environmental problems like water logging and increase in soil salinity which are responsible for the degradation of the top productive soils, an optimum ditch drainage design is required. For this purpose a knowledge of the spatio-temporal variation of the water table is essential. In this study the spatio-temporal variation of the water table in a sloping ditch drainage system has been modeled from a stochastic point of view, incorporating randomness in hydraulic conductivity to get the expression for the mean and the standard deviation of the water-table height. The hydraulic conductivity has been considered to be a realization of a log-normal distribution. Application of these expressions in the prediction of mean water-table variation with the associated error bounds has been demonstrated with the help of a ditch drainage problem of a sloping aquifer. The sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to see the effect of variability in the hydraulic conductivity on the water-table fluctuations. The error bounds quantified on the water-table height will thus help in the decision-making process for proper drainage design. 相似文献
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Field observation and numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate the hydraulic relationship between the shallow and deep aquifer of a High Plains Aquifer system, in which shallow and deep aquifers are separated by an aquitard. Pumping from the lower aquifer resulted in a small drawdown in the upper aquifer and a larger drawdown in the aquitard; pumping from the shallow aquifer caused a small drawdown in the aquitard and the deep aquifer. Analysis of pumping test data gives the values of the hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard and the deep aquifer. Long-term observation of groundwater levels in the shallow and deep aquifers showed that a strong downward hydraulic gradient was maintained during an irrigation season. Numerical simulations were used to calculate the induced leakage of water from the shallow to the deep aquifer. Water budget analyses suggested that after pumping continues for a couple of days, the leakage from the overlying layers begins to supply the majority of the withdrawal from the deep aquifer. However, the induced leakage from the upper shallow aquifer can travel only a few meters into the aquitard, and it can not reach the lower aquifer during a 90 day pumping period. The major portion of the induced leakage occurred during the pumping period, but a small leakage can continue as a residual effect after the pumping period. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard plays a major role in partitioning the ratio of the induced leakage for the pumping and after-pumping periods. 相似文献
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Modeling of groundwater flow for Mujib aquifer, Jordan 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Jordan is an arid country with very limited water resources. Groundwater is the main source for its water supply. Mujib aquifer
is located in the central part of Jordan and is a major source of drinking water for Amman, Madaba and Karak cities. High
abstraction rates from Mujib aquifer during the previous years lead to a major decline in water levels and deterioration in
groundwater quality. Therefore, proper groundwater management of Mujib aquifer is necessary; and groundwater flow modeling
is essential for proper management. For this purpose, Modflow was used to build a groundwater flow model to simulate the behavior
of the flow system under different stresses. The model was calibrated for steady state condition by matching observed and
simulated initial head counter lines. Drawdown data for the period 1985–1995 were used to calibrate the transient model by
matching simulated drawdown with the observed one. Then, the transient model was validated by using drawdown data for the
period 1996–2002. The results of the calibrated model showed that the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the B2/A7 aquifer
ranges between 0.001 and 40m/d. Calibrated specific yield ranges from 0.0001 to 0.15. The water balance for the steady state
condition of Mujib aquifer indicated that the total annual direct recharge is 20.4 × 106m3, the total annual inflow is 13.0 × 106 m3, springs discharge is 15.3 × 106 m3, and total annual outflow is 18.7 × 106 m3. Different scenarios were considered to predict aquifer system response under different conditions. The results of the sensitivity
analysis show that the model is highly sensitive to horizontal hydraulic conductivity and anisotropy and with lower level
to the recharge rates. Also the model is sensitive to specific yield 相似文献
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含水层参数对于定性分析区域地下水资源评价、数值模拟及预报、开发利用与保护及科学管理具有重要意义,而江汉平原水文地质参数求解的研究却相对较少.2015年江汉平原1:50 000水文地质调查项目完成杨林尾图幅与陆溪口图幅,选择杨林尾图幅和陆溪口图幅中的4个代表性钻孔,分别做了3组抽水试验和一组压水试验.对抽水数据使用Dupuit公式法结合抽水稳定阶段数据求解含水层参数,同时利用Aquifer Test软件中Theis标准曲线法、直线图解法对抽水试验中非稳定条件下抽水数据对含水层参数求解,得到孔隙水含水层渗透系数及弹性给水度;利用压水试验工程规范求解基岩裂隙含水层的渗透系数.探讨了利用非稳定抽水试验条件下求解含水层参数方法的可行性及该方法的优势.计算结果表明:杨林尾镇浅层(20.2~64.55 m)含水层渗透系数为0.075 m/d,弹性给水度为5.8×10-2;深层(138~160 m)含水层渗透系数为9.89 m/d,弹性给水度为2.3×10-5;陆溪口镇浅层(19.4~36.4 m)含水层渗透系数1.26 m/d,弹性给水度为1.1×10-1;基岩渗透系数为0.012 m/d.通过结果对比分析发现对于单孔非稳定抽水试验,对前期水位降深数据筛选分析,同样可以利用非稳定井流理论反演含水层参数,结果比较可靠. 相似文献
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Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Suzhou City,China 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
Suzhou City, located at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southeastern Jiangsu Province, is one of the few cities
in China which suffer from severe ground settlement. A research project was carried out to investigate this problem. Geological
and hydrogeological studies show that there is a multi-layered aquifer system with three distinct, soft mud layers of marine
and lagoonal origins. An examination of historical records of groundwater extraction, water levels, and ground settlement
shows that the ground subsidence is associated with the continuously increasing groundwater extraction in the deep, confined
aquifer. It is believed that the consolidation of the soft mud layers, especially the third layer which is thick and close
to the main pumped aquifer, contributes to the ground settlement. A three-dimensional finite difference numerical model representing
the multi-layered aquifer system was developed to study the ground settlement in response to groundwater extraction. By calibrating
the model with both the measured groundwater level and ground settlement, the aquifer parameters were estimated. The model
outputs fit reasonably well with the observed results, which indicates that the numerical model can reproduce the dynamic
processes of both groundwater flow and soil consolidation. The hydraulic conductivity of the third mud layer near the center
of the ground settlement has been reduced by over 30% in the last 14 years. The gradual deterioration in the hydraulic conductivity
of the mud may have significant adverse effect on the sustainable groundwater resource of the deep confined aquifer, since
the recharge from the shallow aquifers through the mud layer is the only source of water to the deep aquifer. An analysis
of the spatial distributions of groundwater drawdown and ground settlement shows that the area with maximum drawdown is not
necessarily the area with maximum ground settlement due to the occurrence of the soft mud layer. A simple reallocation in
pumping rates on the basis of the spatial distribution of the thick mud layer could significantly reduce the ground settlement.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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文章从一维地下水运动和渗透力学的角度,分析比较潜水位上升与承压水位下降对岩溶地区透—阻型盖层中阻水层渗透稳定性的影响,重点讨论了承压水位下降速度(降速)与下降深度（降深）对阻水层中渗透坡降的影响,结果表明:地下水位变化（潜水位上升或承压水位下降）产生的非稳定渗流不利于岩溶洞穴开口上方阻水层的稳定,承压水位的下降对岩溶开口附近处阻水层中渗透力的影响远大于潜水位的变化;在承压层水位最大降深确定的条件下,承压水位下降速度愈快,岩溶开口附近处阻水层中向下渗透力愈大。因此,在覆盖型岩溶地区抽取地下水时,为了减缓或避免覆盖型塌陷的发生,应同时控制好最大降深和最大开采速度。 相似文献
18.
Karst systems show high spatial variability of hydraulic parameters over small distances and this makes their modeling a difficult task with several uncertainties. Interconnections of fractures have a major role on the transport of groundwater, but many of the stochastic methods in use do not have the capability to reproduce these complex structures. A methodology is presented for the quantification of tortuosity using the single normal equation simulation (SNESIM) algorithm and a groundwater flow model. A training image was produced based on the statistical parameters of fractures and then used in the simulation process. The SNESIM algorithm was used to generate 75 realizations of the four classes of fractures in a karst aquifer in Iran. The results from six dye tracing tests were used to assign hydraulic conductivity values to each class of fractures. In the next step, the MODFLOW-CFP and MODPATH codes were consecutively implemented to compute the groundwater flow paths. The 9,000 flow paths obtained from the MODPATH code were further analyzed to calculate the tortuosity factor. Finally, the hydraulic conductivity values calculated from the dye tracing experiments were refined using the actual flow paths of groundwater. The key outcomes of this research are: (1) a methodology for the quantification of tortuosity; (2) hydraulic conductivities, that are incorrectly estimated (biased low) with empirical equations that assume Darcian (laminar) flow with parallel rather than tortuous streamlines; and (3) an understanding of the scale-dependence and non-normal distributions of tortuosity. 相似文献
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Analysis of Steady-State Flow To Multiscreened Wells Under Natural Vertical Flow Conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Water levels measured at multiscreened wells in unconfined aquifers may not coincide, in general, with the elevation of the
water table. The presence of vertical gradients (as often is the case in recharge areas) or the existence of confining layers
may cause the water levels to differ from local hydraulic heads in the aquifer. In these cases, a misinterpretation of water
levels may lead to the erroneous conclusion that observed drawdowns are provoked by overpumping. In this paper, we analyze
the effect that a natural vertical gradient has on water levels in wells screened over their entire saturated thickness. As
one would expect, it is observed that, even without pumping, the water level in the wells lies below the water table. Type
curves relating the steady-state drawdown to the vertical gradient and to the hydraulic conductivity anisotropy are presented.
These curves were obtained using a groundwater flow numerical model (FREESURF: Neuman and Witherspoon, 1970). The theoretical
results are checked with field data from deep wells in the detrital Madrid aquifer. In this particular aquifer, it is observed
that the effect of vertical gradients is important both in terms of drawdowns and flow rates.
相似文献
20.
针对确定性模型难以描述含水层非均质空间分布的问题,提出基于随机理论的地下水环境风险评价方法。以矩形场地地下水污染风险评价为例,采用蒙特卡罗法生成大量渗透系数随机场,模拟含水层参数各种可能的非均质空间分布,在此基础上建立场地地下水流模型与溶质运移模型,分别计算污染物在地下水中的迁移转化情况。统计大量随机模拟中污染事故发生的频率,当模拟次数足够多时,污染频率收敛于污染概率,污染风险即通过污染概率体现出来。该方法将模型参数设为满足一定分布特征的随机变量,避免了确定性方法得出的武断的评价结果,可为工厂的选址、水源地的选址等工作提供科学指导。 相似文献