共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
南方岩溶地区1∶5万水文地质环境地质调查技术要点分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过总结南方岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范6个方面成果,得出南方岩溶地区水文地质环境地质条件具有10个特性:岩溶发育受层组结构类型、地质构造格局和水动力条件等因素控制的综合性,岩溶地下水分布的非均一性,岩溶含水介质由孔、隙、缝、管、洞构成的多重性,岩溶地下水流运动的多相性,岩溶地下水动态变化的剧变性,岩溶水资源时间分布的季节性,干旱与洪涝的交替性,岩溶地下水污染的隐蔽性,岩溶地下水的深埋性,岩溶地下水与生态经济的相关性;论述了对碳酸盐岩层组结构类型、构造演化与岩溶发育期次、岩溶形态组合关系、表层岩溶带、岩溶地下水系统、岩溶地下河、主要环境地质问题和岩溶水资源开发利用条件8个关键科学问题调查研究的技术要点。 相似文献
2.
为解决中国某些地区缺水问题,自20世纪80年代开始,中国已经兴建或规划设计了数十项大型跨流域调水工程。本文汇集了中国现有的20项调水工程资料,基本涵盖了中国境内大部分调水工程。文中介绍了有关工程概况,编制了中国长距离调水工程特征一览表,绘制了调水工程分布图,按照中国地质环境分区分别阐述了各调水工程的地质环境特点,论述了长距离调水工程中常见的工程地质问题,包括:区域地质复杂环境问题、活动性构造及其对洞室稳定的影响、高地应力与围岩稳定问题、高压水头引起的洞室涌水和外水压力对隧洞衬砌影响问题、碎屑流问题、高地温问题、有害气体问题、边坡稳定问题、特殊岩土问题、过河隧洞或大型渡槽问题、矿区塌陷与渗漏问题、岩溶问题等,同时也指出了勘察、设计与和施工中应注意的问题。 相似文献
3.
4.
Assessing the groundwater recharge potential zone and differentiation of the spring catchment area are extremely important to effective management of groundwater systems and protection of water quality. The study area is located in the Saldoran karstic region, western Iran. It is characterized by a high rate of precipitation and recharge via highly permeable fractured karstic formations. Pire-Ghar, Sarabe-Babaheydar and Baghe-rostam are three major karstic springs which drain the Saldoran anticline. The mean discharge rate and electrical conductivity values for these springs were 3, 1.9 and 0.98 m3/s, and 475, 438 and 347 μS/cm, respectively. Geology, hydrogeology and geographical information system (GIS) methods were used to define the catchment areas of the major karstic springs and to map recharge zones in the Saldoran anticline. Seven major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value and aspect, drainage, precipitation, fracture density and karstic domains) were integrated using GIS. Geology maps and field verification were used to determine the weights of factors. The final map was produced to reveal major zones of recharge potential. More than 80 % of the study area is terrain that has a recharge rate of 55–70 % (average 63 %). Evaluating the water budget of Saldoran Mountain showed that the total volume of karst water emerging from the Saldoran karst springs is equal to the total annual recharge on the anticline. Therefore, based on the geological and hydrogeological investigations, the catchment area of the mentioned karst springs includes the whole Saldoran anticline. 相似文献
5.
中国21世纪若干重大工程地质与环境问题 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
21世纪中国的大规模的国家建设不可避免地导致大量的工程地质与环境问题。 2 1世纪中国西部高山峡谷地区主要工程地质问题有: 构造活动带岩土体动力稳定性, 高地应力下岩体应变储能与岩体性质, 高陡边坡的变形及尺寸效应和动力稳定性, 深埋长大隧洞的地温与地压, 深埋隧洞岩体结构探测与施工地质超前预报, 大跨度复杂洞群变形与稳定性的群洞效应, 冻土的冻融变形、稳定性及其处理技术, 可溶岩岩溶规律与岩体利用问题, 河床深厚覆盖层的处理与利用等问题; 中国东部及沿海地区工程地质问题包括: 高速交通网建设中软土地基变形与稳定性及处理技术, 深井采矿中软岩巷道大变形与处理技术, 深厚松散堆积层上大型桥梁桥基变形与稳定性, 海底隧道围岩工程地质与水文地质问题, 城市多层地下空间开发中的工程地质问题等; 此外, 水土流失与北方大规模荒漠化问题, 黄河下游地上悬河与长江下游塌岸和堤防稳定性问题, 黄河断流引起的下游地区环境问题, 我国北方干旱地区水资源长期匮乏问题, 城市化中的环境破坏与污染控制等问题, 将是中国 2 1世纪突出的环境问题。中国工程地质工作者应当在结构土力学与岩体结构力学、工程地质学的基本理论与工程地质动力学、人 地相互作用机制与环境工程地质学、地质工程理论与方法。 相似文献
6.
Influence of coal mining on regional karst groundwater system: a case study in West Mountain area of Taiyuan City,northern China 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
Xiaojuan Qiao Guomin Li Ming Li Jinlong Zhou Jie Du Chengyuan Du Zhonghui Sun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1525-1535
Karstic limestone formations in the West Mountain area are important water resources for Taiyuan City in Shanxi Province,
northern China, which is also known for its large-scale coal mining production. In this study area, groundwater is not only
exploited for water supply purposes but also drained because of coal mining. The process of coal mining changes both the quantity
of the karst springs and the quality of karst groundwater system because of overexploitation and overdrainage. In this paper,
the influence of coal mining on the groundwater is analyzed from a qualitative and quantitative perspective. The hydrochemical
analysis results reflect the relationship of the recharge, runoff, and drainage; the features of the medium; and water-rock
interactions. Based on a qualitative understanding of the geological deposition and characteristics of the groundwater flow
system, three-dimensional groundwater flow models are established and applied to several scenarios to explore the quantitative
influence and allow better protection of the groundwater environment and better utilization of water resources. 相似文献
7.
Progresses and Prospects of the Research on Soil Erosion in Karst Area of Southwest China* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The karst area of Southwest China is suffering from serious ecological and environmental problems due to soil erosion while the research on soil erosion is not sufficient. Primary achievement was systematically reviewed in this paper in three aspects: erosion characteristics, current researches about erosion on different spatial scales, and key scientific problems. Based on the review, the authors figured out the shortcomings of the existing studies and pointed out the directions on erosion study in southwest China karst region. The results showed that: ① Due to the existence of a dual structure in karst environment including ground and underground erosion, the process of runoff and sediment production on slope scale and confluence and sediment transportation processes on catchment scale were more complex under the unique geological and hydrological backgrounds; ② At present, most researches about erosion mechanism in karst area focus on slope scale and some achievements on quantitative evaluation of erosion factors have been made. Continuous data with high quality about relationship between water and sediment on catchment scale is limited. When data is scarce, river sediment data can be used as an effective way to study soil erosion intensity and spatial-temporal variation in karst area; ③ It is more reasonable to use 50 t/(km2·a) as the grading standard of soil loss tolerance than the previous grading standard of soil erosion intensity. Given the complex relationship between rocky desertification and soil erosion, more quantitative studies about the effects of rocky desertification on soil erosion are still necessary. There are different viewpoints on soil leakage definitions, leakage mechanism and leakage ratios, and new breakthroughs could be achieved by combining different methods and matching multi-scales. In conclusion, in order to further reveal soil erosion laws and establish and revise available regional soil erosion forecasting models for Southwest China karst areas, synchronous test and monitoring on slope, watershed, and channel spatial scales are urgently needed. The results can provide theoretical and technical support for promoting soil and water conservation work for the karst area of Southwest China. 相似文献
8.
研究区位于云贵高原南缘滇东南高原斜坡区,属珠江源头河段南盘江流域与红河流域的地表分水岭地带,侵蚀切割强烈,地形条件复杂,广泛出露的三叠系中统个旧组含水层组富水性强,岩溶强烈发育,地下河管道、洼地、落水洞等广布。通过野外调查、观测、示踪试验、实验测试等手段,利用水文地质学、岩溶学等理论方法,分析研究区岩溶含水层富水性、岩溶发育强度、大泉地下河及管道分布、地热分布情况,及其对拟建铁路选线的影响,计算隧道涌水量,提出隧道施工尽量避开地下水富集区、岩溶强发育区、大泉地下河主管道径流区、地热异常区、岩溶砂岩地层区等建议措施,减少拟建铁路施工可能面临的岩溶水文地质危害及其对地下水环境造成的破坏,为强岩溶发育区的工程建设提供参考建议。 相似文献
9.
北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统边界与水文地质性质 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
北方岩溶水系统具有固定补给范围和资源要素,是岩溶地下水进行独立循环的基本单元,控制了岩溶水的运移富集、水化学演化特征、资源构成以及环境地质问题。开展岩溶水系统研究的首要任务是确定系统边界位置及其水文地质性质。以北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统为研究对象,采用地质学、岩溶动力学、流体动力学、水文地球化学、地球物理勘探等方法,确定黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统是由南部大石河背斜岩溶水子系统和北部百花山向斜南翼岩溶水子系统2个次级系统组成;其含水岩层分别为蓟县系铁岭组、雾迷山组和青白口系景儿峪组、奥陶系、寒武系碳酸盐岩。根据边界的水文地质性质可以划分为地表分水岭边界、地下分水岭边界、隔水边界、岩溶含水层深埋滞流性边界等类型。 相似文献
10.
我国北方岩溶分布面积广,岩溶泉水资源丰富,是岩溶区工农业及居民生活的优质供水水源。但在全球气候变化和采煤等强烈人类活动的叠加作用下,我国北方岩溶泉水流量衰减,水质恶化,岩溶泉域生态环境功能下降。通过合理、适度的人工干预,强化岩溶大泉的自然恢复机能,并最终实现泉域生态环境修复,是当前我国生态文明建设的先行区和重点领域。论文在分析研究晋祠泉断流原因的基础上,针对性地提出并科学地评估了汾河二库强化渗漏补给、泉域岩溶水关井压采、煤矿区保水限采、近源生态补水和远源河道渗漏补给等一系列措施及预期效果,以期推进晋祠泉域岩溶地下水生态环境得到根本性改善。该研究工作有望对我国北方岩溶大泉的生态修复形成示范效应,为遏制我国岩溶区生态恶化现象提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
中国北方岩溶水系统划分与系统特征 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
中国北方岩溶水以相对独立单元进行循环, 构成一系列规模不等的岩溶水系统。本文重点阐述两方面的内容: 第一从基本概念出发, 划分出119个岩溶水系统, 这些系统以高度开放, 环境质量脆弱, 发育规模大, 资源要素构成多、各要素间转化关系复杂, “水煤共存”为特点; 第二从岩溶水系统地质结构与岩溶水流场的叠置关系出发, 将119个系统归结为5种系统模式, 各种模式在分布与发育规模, 岩溶地下水循环、富集, 岩溶地下水流场形态和主要岩溶水文地质环境问题等方面具有鲜明的特征。 相似文献
12.
Hydrogeological characteristics of some deep siphonal springs in Serbia and Montenegro karst 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Saša Milanovic 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):755-759
In terms of hydrogeological, engineering-geological, and hydrotechnical tapping in karst in relation to ground waters, karst
channels, springs and ponors, speleodiving is the only research method which enables direct observation, studying and exact
geological mapping of karst channels and caverns. Data collected during speleodiving research contribute considerably to the
analysis of karst evolution process in the given region, which is very important in evaluating the depth of karstification
and determining the main direction of the groundwater flow. In the past 30 years in Serbia and Montenegro, speleodivers have
investigated over 40 siphonal springs, active cave channels and ponors, of which more than 20 are proof of deep siphonal circulation
in karstic aquifers. The karstic springs are the most interesting phenomenon from a hydrogeological view point, and their
investigations need particular attention. Most of significant karstic springs are on the rims of erosion basins—perimeters
of karst poljes, river valleys, sea coasts and contact areas between karst aquifers and hydrogeological barriers. General
characteristics of the spring regime are the direct correlation between precipitation and spring discharge. Moreover, the
hydrogeological regime of these springs also depends on the size of the catchment area, karstic aquifer retardation capacity,
total porosity, as well as lithological and structural characteristics. 相似文献
13.
The present studies were carried out along the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey, where most of the karst springs discharge
from highly karstified carbonate rocks. The case-study was applied in the Kaş-Kalkan karst region, considered one of the most
important touristic Mediterranean provinces in southern Turkey. The purpose of this study is to identify the main water resources
of the karst springs in the inland side and the expected groundwater flow paths that may recharge the coastal springs in the
study area. A comparison of the physiochemical properties and isotopic contents of the karst springs along the Kaş-Kalkan
coastline is also considered an important tool for identifying the hydrogeological characteristics and responses of the different
units in the study area. Relevant studies were carried out also considering the morphological and structural characteristics
of these karst springs and changes in their discharge amounts during the dry and wet periods.
Received: 20 August 1997 · Accepted: 2 December 1997 相似文献
14.
The karst geological system in north China is different from that in the south. Due to differences in basic geological conditions
and environment, the karst evolutional pattern and karst water resources, among other things, are also different in the two
regions. This paper, based on on-site fieldwork and analysis of an extensive database of karst in China, presents a systematic
and contrastive analysis of karst geological environment and karst water resources in north versus south China, highlights
the differences between the two regions in basic karst geological conditions, groundwater dynamics and karst water resources,
and concludes with the economic, environmental and engineering implications of these differences. These findings will be helpful
for the strategic planning and decision-making processes associated with exploitation of karst geological resources and with
prevention and control of karst geological hazards. 相似文献
15.
16.
The Ordos Basin is located in the east of NW China that is composed of different aquifer systems. Karst groundwater is stored in the Carmbrian-Ordovician carbonates along the margins of the basin. Fissured-pore water is present in the Cretaceous strata in the central-western basin and pore water is stored in the overlying Quaternary deposits discontinuously. The main origin of groundwater in the basin is direct or indirect infiltration of precipitation. Groundwater flows from recharge areas to adjacent local discharge areas. Besides evaporation and abstraction, groundwater feeds springs and rivers, such as the Yellow River and its tributaries. According to the karst aquifer lithologic structure, the features of karst development and circulation, the karst aquifer is divided into three structural and circulation patterns. Based on the control of Cretaceous sedimentary environment, lithologic structure, lithofacies, and palaeogeographic characteristics, the Cretaceous system is divided into the northern desert simple plateau aquifer system and the southern loess plateau aquifer system. PACKER was used to obtain temperature, hydrogeochemical and isotope data at specific depths. Groundwater circulation is studied using hydrodynamic fields, temperature fields, isotopes, hydrogeochemical data and numerical simulations. According to the result, it is divided into local, intermediate and regional systems. 相似文献
17.
西南地区隧道工程条件下岩溶地下水系统变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩溶山区越岭长大隧道的施工不可避免地会使当地的岩溶水系统发生改变,如地下水水位的下降、地表泉点的漏失等。基于隧道工程对岩溶地下水系统边界条件、排泄状况等天然特征的影响,依据西南地区岩溶地下水系统主要特征及隧道工程特点,考虑隧道工程条件下影响岩溶地下水系统特征的主要因素,对岩溶类型(岩溶含水岩组的埋藏条件)、构造特征、补给特征、岩溶水径流方式与隧道工程特点相组合的模式下的岩溶地下水系统的变化进行特征分析,并将岩溶地下水系统的变化归纳为3种类型。据此,选择研究区金汁河地下水系统作为典型研究对象,假设3种隧道穿越方案,将不同隧道穿越方案下的岩溶地下水系统与天然岩溶地下水系统进行对比分析,归纳概述其变化特征,最后对各隧道方案下的涌水量及其涌水危险性进行初步预测及评价。 相似文献
18.
气候变化及人类活动对中国北方岩溶泉的影响——以山西柳林泉为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国是岩溶最发育的国家之一,全球岩溶面积的1/4分布在中国.由于岩溶含水层对环境变化非常敏感,岩溶泉已经成为人们研究气候变化与人类活动对环境影响的重要信息载体.本文以中国北方具有代表性的柳林泉为研究对象,经过分析认为1957～1973年泉水流量基本上处于自然状态,因此,我们利用1973年前的泉水流量,建立了气候变化条件下泉水流量的灰色系统模型,将该模型外推,获得了1974～2005年气候变化条件下的泉水流量,与同期实测流量相比较,得到了人类活动对泉水流量衰减的贡献.结果表明,1974～2005年,气候变化对泉水流量衰减的贡献仅为人类活动对泉水流量衰减贡献量的8.1%～8.6%,人类活动对泉水流量的衰减起着主要作用.在人类活动对泉水流量的影响中,地下水开采量仅占到其中的20%～35%;其他因素包括水库的修建、跨区域地下水袭夺、矿坑排水、泉域内森林植被的破坏等等,他们对泉水流量衰减的贡献占到65%～80%.因此,传统的单纯以地下水开采量作为人类活动对泉水的影响是不合理的. 相似文献
19.
Evolution of major environmental geological problems in karst areas of Southwestern China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Fang Guo Guanghui Jiang Daoxian Yuan Jason S. Polk 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(7):2427-2435
Karst terrains are generally regarded as a fragile and vulnerable environment. China’s karst is mainly developed in pre-Triassic, old-phase, hard, compact carbonate rock. The lack of soil cover in bare karst land can enhance desertification. Its underground drainage system can aggravate both drought and flooding problems; the interconnected surface and subsurface conditions allow for easy contamination by pollutants. Moreover, karst terrains quite often suffer from a series of engineering problems, such as water infiltrating into mines or transportation tunnels, leakage from reservoirs, and failure of building foundations. As resources and energy exploitation intensified in recent years, karst areas in Southwest China faced some severe geo environmental problems. In order to find out how the problems action and evolution in recent years, field and laboratory investigations were conducted in Guangxi autonomous region, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei provinces, and Chongqing municipality. About 100 experts from the Provincial Geological Survey and graduate students took part in this project. Several symposiums were held during those 3 years. Besides the in situ survey, data were collected from hydrogeological survey results since 2000 when the new round of land resources investigation began. After analyzing these data, rock desertification, drought and flooding, and contamination and engineering geological environmental problems were considered the most prevalent problems in karst areas in Southwestern China. The status of each problem is elaborated upon in this paper and should be considered for future sustainable development. 相似文献
20.
Analysis of the maximum discharge of karst springs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ognjen Bonacci 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(4):328-338
Analyses are presented of the conditions that limit the discharge of some karst springs. The large number of springs studied
show that, under conditions of extremely intense precipitation, a maximum value exists for the discharge of the main springs
in a catchment, independent of catchment size and the amount of precipitation. Outflow modelling of karst-spring discharge
is not easily generalized and schematized due to numerous specific characteristics of karst-flow systems. A detailed examination
of the published data on four karst springs identified the possible reasons for the limitation on the maximum flow rate: (1)
limited size of the karst conduit; (2) pressure flow; (3) intercatchment overflow; (4) overflow from the main spring-flow
system to intermittent springs within the same catchment; (5) water storage in the zone above the karst aquifer or epikarstic
zone of the catchment; and (6) factors such as climate, soil and vegetation cover, and altitude and geology of the catchment
area. The phenomenon of limited maximum-discharge capacity of karst springs is not included in rainfall-runoff process modelling,
which is probably one of the main reasons for the present poor quality of karst hydrological modelling.
Electronic Publication 相似文献