共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
Qinghua Lei Xiaoguang Wang Jiansheng Xiang John-Paul Latham 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(8):2251-2262
A study about the influence of polyaxial (true-triaxial) stresses on the permeability of a three-dimensional (3D) fractured rock layer is presented. The 3D fracture system is constructed by extruding a two-dimensional (2D) outcrop pattern of a limestone bed that exhibits a ladder structure consisting of a “through-going” joint set abutted by later-stage short fractures. Geomechanical behaviour of the 3D fractured rock in response to in-situ stresses is modelled by the finite-discrete element method, which can capture the deformation of matrix blocks, variation of stress fields, reactivation of pre-existing rough fractures and propagation of new cracks. A series of numerical simulations is designed to load the fractured rock using various polyaxial in-situ stresses and the stress-dependent flow properties are further calculated. The fractured layer tends to exhibit stronger flow localisation and higher equivalent permeability as the far-field stress ratio is increased and the stress field is rotated such that fractures are preferentially oriented for shearing. The shear dilation of pre-existing fractures has dominant effects on flow localisation in the system, while the propagation of new fractures has minor impacts. The role of the overburden stress suggests that the conventional 2D analysis that neglects the effect of the out-of-plane stress (perpendicular to the bedding interface) may provide indicative approximations but not fully capture the polyaxial stress-dependent fracture network behaviour. The results of this study have important implications for understanding the heterogeneous flow of geological fluids (e.g. groundwater, petroleum) in subsurface and upscaling permeability for large-scale assessments. 相似文献
2.
采用渗流力学理论并结合Monte Carlo方法描述岩体裂隙的随机分布,研究渗流模型的尺寸效应并确定表征单元体积（REV）,得到了3种开口度分布形式的等效渗透系数椭圆曲线,建立了等效渗透系数方向性的判别标准。离散裂隙网络（DFN）模型假定流体只在岩体裂隙内部流动,而不通过岩体本身渗流。基于二维离散元程序UDEC并进行二次开发,建立DFN模型,通过改变流体的流动方向,得到不同流动方向下岩体裂隙网络的等效渗透系数,并分析不同的开口度分布形式对岩体裂隙网络等效渗透系数方向性的影响。计算结果表明,表征单元体积存在的条件是等效渗透系数保持稳定且渗透椭圆比较光滑。等效渗透系数的方向性受开口度分布形式的影响很大：当开口度-长度关联分布时,等效渗透系数各向异性;当开口度对数正态分布时,等效渗透系数各向同性;当开口度恒定分布时,等效渗透系数的特性介于二者之间。变化系数（CV）是否大于5%是判定岩体裂隙网络渗透系数是否具有方向性的判别标准。 相似文献
3.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(7):575-579
Several long-standing questions concerning fluid transport in fractured rock involve the geometrical properties of the connected void space within a fracture network. We present experimental results that compare the geometrical properties of a fracture network to those of the individual fractures in the network. To image and quantify the aperture distribution of natural fracture networks in coal, a Wood's metal injection method is combined with X-ray computerized tomography and image analysis. We find that the aperture distribution of the networks is spatially anisotropic and dependent on the number and geometry of the individual fractures. Void area in the individual fractures ranged between 45%–58%. A three-dimensional auto-correlation analysis on the fracture network and a two-dimensional analysis on the individual fractures found that the apertures were correlated over distances of 10 mm to 20 mm in the direction of flow. 相似文献
4.
The aim of upscaling is to determine equivalent homogeneous parameters at a coarse-scale from a spatially oscillating fine-scale parameter distribution. To be able to use a limited number of relatively large grid-blocks in numerical oil reservoir simulators or groundwater models, upscaling of the permeability is frequently applied. The spatial fine-scale permeability distribution is generally obtained from geological and geostatistical models. After upscaling, the coarse-scale permeabilities are incorporated in the relatively large grid-blocks of the numerical model. If the porous rock may be approximated as a periodic medium, upscaling can be performed by the method of homogenization. In this paper the homogenization is performed numerically, which gives rise to an approximation error. The complementarity between two different numerical methods – the conformal-nodal finite element method and the mixed-hybrid finite element method – has been used to quantify this error. These two methods yield respectively upper and lower bounds for the eigenvalues of the coarse-scale permeability tensor. Results of 3D numerical experiments are shown, both for the far field and around wells. 相似文献
5.
Anna Nissen Eirik Keilegavlen Tor Harald Sandve Inga Berre Jan Martin Nordbotten 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(2):451-467
In simulation of fluid injection in fractured geothermal reservoirs, the characteristics of the physical processes are severely affected by the local occurence of connected fractures. To resolve these structurally dominated processes, there is a need to develop discretization strategies that also limit computational effort. In this paper, we present an upscaling methodology for geothermal heat transport with fractures represented explicitly in the computational grid. The heat transport is modeled by an advection-conduction equation for the temperature, and solved on a highly irregular coarse grid that preserves the fracture heterogeneity. The upscaling is based on different strategies for the advective term and the conductive term. The coarse scale advective term is constructed from sums of fine scale fluxes, whereas the coarse scale conductive term is constructed based on numerically computed basis functions. The method naturally incorporates the coupling between solution variables in the matrix and in the fractures, respectively, via the discretization. In this way, explicit transfer terms that couple fracture and matrix solution variables are avoided. Numerical results show that the upscaling methodology performs well, in particular for large upscaling ratios, and that it is applicable also to highly complex fracture networks. 相似文献
6.
Fracture networks play a more significant role in conducting fluid flow and solute transport in fractured rock masses, comparing with that of the rock matrix. Accurate estimation of the permeability of fracture networks would help researchers and engineers better assess the performance of projects associated with fluid flow in fractured rock masses. This study provides a review of previous works that have focused on the estimation of equivalent permeability of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete fracture networks (DFNs) considering the influences of geometric properties of fractured rock masses. Mathematical expressions for the effects of nine important parameters that significantly impact on the equivalent permeability of DFNs are summarized, including (1) fracture-length distribution, (2) aperture distribution, (3) fracture surface roughness, (4) fracture dead-end, (5) number of intersections, (6) hydraulic gradient, (7) boundary stress, (8) anisotropy, and (9) scale. Recent developments of 3-D fracture networks are briefly reviewed to underline the importance of utilizing 3-D models in future research. 相似文献
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8.
Estimating the hydraulic properties of fractured aquifers is challenging due to the complexity of structural discontinuities that can generally be measured at a small scale, either in core or in outcrop, but influence groundwater flow over a range of scales. This modeling study uses fracture scanline data obtained from surface bedrock exposures to derive estimates of permeability that can be used to represent the fractured rock matrix within regional scale flow models. The model is developed using PETREL, which traditionally benefits from high resolution data sets obtained during oil and gas exploration, including for example seismic data, and borehole logging data (both lithological and geophysical). The technique consists of interpreting scanline fracture data, and using these data to generate representative Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models for each field set. The DFN models are then upscaled to provide an effective hydraulic conductivity tensor that represents the fractured rock matrix. For each field site, the upscaled hydraulic conductivities are compared with estimates derived from pumping tests to validate the model. A hydraulic conductivity field is generated for the study region that captures the spatial variability of fracture networks in pseudo-three dimensions from scanline data. Hydraulic conductivities estimated using this approach compare well with those estimated from pumping test data. The study results suggest that such an approach may be feasible for taking small scale fracture data and upscaling these to represent the aquifer matrix hydraulic properties needed for regional groundwater modeling. 相似文献
9.
岩体多重裂隙网络渗流模型研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
将岩体中的各种裂隙和孔隙按规模和渗透性分为4级处理,即一级真实裂隙网络、二级随机裂隙网络、三级等效连续介质体系和四级连续介质体系。各级裂隙(孔隙)都形成各自的裂隙网络,并以水量平衡原理为基础建立各级裂隙网络之间的联系,组合形成岩体多重裂隙网络渗流模型,从而较全面地反映了地下水在岩体中的运动规律,并进行了工程实例分析。 相似文献
10.
花岗岩潜山油气藏在世界范围内并不多见,当前对其表征还未形成系统完善的研究方法;同时,由于储层受风化、构造多种作用改造,导致储层内部孔、缝、洞并存,具有极强的非均质性,对其表征存在一定的难度。为此本文以渤海大型花岗岩潜山A油田为例,提出了一套花岗岩潜山储层建模表征方法。首先从成因分析入手,引入地貌学分析方法,通过地貌演化特征分析,确定裂缝发育主控因素,在此基础上建立不同成因的裂缝分布趋势体。其次,以井点统计的裂缝特征参数为先验信息,以裂缝分布趋势体为平面约束,建立DFN模型,并对其进行“等效”得到裂缝属性模型。最后,采用动静态资料对裂缝属性模型进行优选,严格控制模型质量,最终得到符合地质认识的裂缝模型。 相似文献
11.
根据岩体中不同区域裂隙发育规模的差异分为连续区域和离散区域,在不同区域中使用不同的地下水运动数学模型,应用区域分解算法来解决这类问题。其中连续区域采用了等效连续介质模型,离散区域采用了随机裂隙网络模型,通过区域公共边界上水位和流量连续的条件将两模型耦合求解。将基于区域分解算法的耦合模型应用于锦屏水电站坝址区三维渗流场的模拟中,通过钻孔观测水位和计算水位的对比发现,该方法是有效的,能够应用于实际工程。 相似文献
12.
Cubic law with aperture-length correlation: implications for network scale fluid flow 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Christian Klimczak Richard A. Schultz Rishi Parashar Donald M. Reeves 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(4):851-862
Previous studies have computed and modeled fluid flow through fractured rock with the parallel plate approach where the volumetric flow per unit width normal to the direction of flow is proportional to the cubed aperture between the plates, referred to as the traditional cubic law. When combined with the square root relationship of displacement to length scaling of opening-mode fractures, total flow rates through natural opening-mode fractures are found to be proportional to apertures to the fifth power. This new relationship was explored by examining a suite of flow simulations through fracture networks using the discrete fracture network model (DFN). Flow was modeled through fracture networks with the same spatial distribution of fractures for both correlated and uncorrelated fracture length-to-aperture relationships. Results indicate that flow rates are significantly higher for correlated DFNs. Furthermore, the length-to-aperture relations lead to power-law distributions of network hydraulic conductivity which greatly influence equivalent permeability tensor values. These results confirm the importance of the correlated square root relationship of displacement to length scaling for total flow through natural opening-mode fractures and, hence, emphasize the role of these correlations for flow modeling. 相似文献
13.
开展地下水数值模拟研究是高放废物处置场地安全评价的重要组成部分,然而深地质处置介质类型的复杂性、基岩深部资料的相对匮乏性导致模拟结果存在不确定性,如何刻画深部地下水动力场并评估可能引起的风险已成为高放废物处置安全评价中重点关注的问题。在大量文献调研的基础上,综述了世界典型国家高放废物深地质处置场地的地下水数值模拟与不确定性分析应用,并归纳总结该领域研究经验,得到以下认识:（1）深地质处置场深部构造、裂隙的发育与展布决定了地下水循环条件,探究适用于基岩裂隙地区新的水文地质试验方法是提高地下水数值模型仿真性的基础;（2）不同尺度模型融合是解决深地质处置地下水模拟的有效技术方法,区域尺度多采用等效连续介质法,场地尺度使用等效连续多孔介质和离散裂隙网络耦合模型,处置库尺度使用离散裂隙网络方法,其次需重点关注未来大时间尺度下放射性核素在地质体中的迁移转化规律,模拟预测场址区域地下水环境长期循环演变对核素迁移的潜在影响;（3）考虑到不同的处置层主岩岩性以及在多介质中发生的THMC（温度场—渗流场—应力场—化学场）过程,目前国内外常用的地下水模拟软件有:Porflow、Modflow、GMS及MT3DMS等用于模拟孔隙或等效连续介质,Connectflow、Feflow及FracMan等用于模拟地下水和核素在结晶岩、花岗岩等裂隙中的迁移,TOUGH系列软件主要应用于双重介质的水流、溶质及热运移模拟;（4）指导开展有针对性的模型和参数的不确定性分析工作,减少投入工作量,提高模型精度,并可针对处置库长期演变、废物罐失效、极端降雨等多情景预测模拟,为处置库安全评价及设计提供基础数据支撑;（5）针对我国深地质处置地下水数值模拟研究现状,下一步应加强区域地质、水文地质、裂隙测量以及现场试验等相关的调查及监测工作,多介质耦合、多场耦合模拟及不确定性分析研究将会是未来的研究重点。 相似文献
14.
Based on a simulation of three-dimensional fracture networks and a superposition principle of liquid dissipation energy for fractured rock masses, a model of the fracture permeability tensor is proposed. An elastic constitutive model of rock fractures, considering fracture closure and dilation during shearing, is also proposed, based on the dilation angle of the fracture. Algorithms of flow-path searching and calculation of the effective flow coefficients for fracture networks are presented, together with a discussion on the influence of geometric parameters of the fractures (trace length, spacing, aperture, orientation and the number of fracture sets) on magnitude, anisotropy of hydraulic permeability and the size of a representative elementary volume (REV). The anisotropy of hydraulic permeability of fractured rock masses is mainly affected by orientation and the number of fracture sets, and the REV size is mainly influenced by trace length, spacing and the number of fracture sets. The results of studies on REV size and the influence of in-situ stress on hydraulic conductivity of the rock mass on the slope of Jinping-I hydropower station, China, are presented using the developed models and methods. The simulation results agreed well with the results obtained from field water-pressure measurements, with an error of less than 10 %. 相似文献
15.
基于人工交叉裂隙模型,通过室内透水试验,利用电荷耦合元件（CCD）照相机可视化技术,对流体在裂隙交叉点内的非线性流动特性进行研究。建立两种离散裂隙网络（DFN）模型,考虑两种边界条件,改变模型进口和出口之间的压力,直接求解Navier-Stokes（简称N-S）方程,对DFN的非线性渗流特性进行研究。结果表明,室内试验可以观测到与出口3相连的裂隙单元内发生了明显的非线性流动,且通过模型的流量Q和模型两端的压力P具有非线性关系。数值计算结果也表明,在水力梯度J较大时（比如J > 0.1）,通过DFN的Q和P具有非线性关系,而当J较小时（比如J < 10-4）,Q与P线性相关;根据文中的算例,建议利用局部立方定律求解DFN内每条裂隙的渗流特性的临界条件为J ≤10-4;裂隙表面粗糙会造成通过DFN渗流量的降低,但对相对流量误差的影响可忽略不计。 相似文献
16.
岩溶地区岩体裂隙网络渗流分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶区由于其特殊的岩性,造成岩体裂隙非常发育,这些发育的裂隙很容易形成连通网络,在具有化学侵蚀性水流的作用下,裂隙通道被加宽,从而导致渗漏量增加。在岩溶区岩体裂隙发育特点的基础上对岩体裂隙网络进行了划分,用Monte-Carlo三维模拟技术模拟岩体裂隙的发育程度,同时也模拟出裂隙网络连通图,该图再现了优势裂隙的发育方向。在岩体节理网络的基础上,将各种裂隙和孔隙按规模和渗透性分为四级处理, 即一级真实裂隙网络、二级随机裂隙网络、三级等效连续介质体系、四级连续介质体系,各级裂隙之间以水量平衡原理建立联系。然后采用多重裂隙网络渗流模型对岩溶区岩体裂隙的渗流进行分析。研究表明,将多重裂隙网络渗流模型应用于岩溶区坝基岩体渗流分析中,能够比较确切而直观的反映出岩溶区岩体裂隙系统渗流分布规律,对岩溶区水库的防渗和防腐蚀措施具有重要的指导意义 相似文献
17.
This paper presents robust algorithms for application in polyhedral modelling of rock mass structure based on discrete fracture networks. The algorithms improve the robustness of current polyhedral modellers to challenging or degenerate geometries and geometrical errors. These issues are inevitably encountered when the fracture network realisations incorporate large numbers of fractures, or regions of densely packed fractures are modelled, or when the number of fracture network realisations interrogated is large. Several stages in the polyhedral modelling process which are sensitive to geometrical errors are reviewed and algorithms which are robust and capable of handling topological errors in the input fracture network geometry are presented. 相似文献
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19.
层流—紊流共存流场中岩溶裂隙网络演化过程的数值模拟方法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究岩溶水系统的演化过程对许多资源与环境问题有着重要意义。岩溶地区水资源、油气资源的预测与开发、水土流失成因及防治等课题都与此密切相关。岩溶管道是地下水对裂隙的逐渐溶蚀扩展形成的,岩溶演化初期,所有裂隙宽度不大,流场整体成层流状态。随着溶蚀的进行,一部分裂隙优先扩大使其中的水流进入紊流状态,而另一部分裂隙中水流仍呈层流状态。文章提出一种数值方法,能够模拟层流-紊流共存流场的岩溶演化过程。利用蒙特卡洛(Monte-Carlo)方法模拟初始裂隙网络,通过非连续介质方法模拟裂隙网络中的渗流。裂隙扩展的速度通过岩石表面溶蚀速度经验公式计算,使用迭代方法求解层流-紊流共存条件下的水头非线性方程。构建了能够利用解析法求解的模型,把数值解和解析解的结果进行对比,验证了本研究的数值法及软件的可行性。 相似文献
20.
A method of estimating bulk potential permeability in fractured-rock aquifers using field-derived fracture data and type curves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alex K. Manda Stephen B. Mabee David F. Boutt Michele L. Cooke 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(2):357-369
A method is devised for estimating the potential permeability of fracture networks from attributes of fractures observed in outcrop. The technique, which is intended as a complement to traditional approaches, is based on type curves that represent various combinations of fracture lengths, fracture orientations and proportions (i.e., intensities) of fractures that participate in flow. Numerical models are used to derive the type curves. To account for variations in fracture aperture, a permeability ratio (R) defined as the permeability of a fracture network in a domain divided by the permeability of a single fracture with identical fracture apertures, is used as a dependent variable to derive the type curves. The technique works by determining the point on the type curve that represents the fracture characteristics collected in the field. To test the performance of the technique, permeabilities that were derived from fractured-rock aquifers of eastern Massachusetts (USA) are compared to permeabilities predicted by the technique. Results indicate that permeabilities estimated from type curves are within an order of magnitude of permeabilities derived from field tests. First-order estimates of fracture-network permeability can, therefore, be easily and quickly acquired with this technique before more robust and expensive methods are utilized in the field. 相似文献