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1.
Listric versus planar normal fault geometry: an example from the Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin (E Austria) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Darko Spahić Ulrike Exner Michael Behm Bernhard Grasemann Alexander Haring Herbert Pretsch 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(7):1685-1695
In a gravel pit at the eastern margin of the Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin, a satellite of Vienna Basin (Austria), Neogene sediments
are exposed in the hanging wall of a major normal fault. The anticlinal structure and associated conjugated secondary normal
faults were previously interpreted as a rollover anticline above a listric normal fault. The spatial orientation and distribution
of sedimentary horizons and crosscutting faults were mapped in detail on a laser scan of the outcrop wall. Subsequently, in
order to assess the 3D distribution and geometry of this fault system, a series of parallel ground penetrating radar (GPR)
profiles were recorded behind the outcrop wall. Both outcrop and GPR data were compiled in a 3D structural model, providing
the basis for a kinematic reconstruction of the fault plane using balanced cross-section techniques. However, the kinematic
reconstruction results in a geologically meaningless normal fault cutting down- and up-section. Additionally, no evidence
for a weak layer serving as ductile detachment horizon (i.e. salt or clay horizon) can be identified in stratigraphic profiles.
Instead, the observed deflection of stratigraphic horizons may be caused by a displacement gradient along a planar master
fault, with a maximum displacement in the fault centre, decreasing towards the fault tips. Accordingly, the observed deflection
of markers in the hanging wall—and in a nearby location in the footwall of the normal fault—is interpreted as large-scale
fault drag along a planar fault that records a displacement gradient, instead of a rollover anticline related to a listric
fault. 相似文献
2.
辽河油田大民屯凹陷东部陡坡带的构造演化特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过叠前时间偏移三维连片地震资料的对比解释,对辽河油田大民屯凹陷的地质结构、形成演化有了新的认识。始新世至渐新世为典型的东断西超伸展型箕状断陷,东部形成陡坡带,西部为斜坡,沉积沉降中心位于荣胜堡洼陷。东部陡坡带构造演化主要经历了伸展裂陷、压扭走滑断裂系改造、坳陷和挤压反转4个阶段。早期伸展断层被后期压扭断裂系改造后形成多种构造样式和圈闭,这些构造圈闭紧邻生油洼陷,具有优越的成藏条件,尤其是在原始伸展断面基础上形成的花状构造带、挤压背斜、逆冲断块、浅层反转构造等均具有良好的勘探前景。 相似文献
3.
4.
依舒地堑汤原、方正断陷古近纪边界断裂活动特征 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
依舒地堑位于黑龙江省东部,为一新生代断陷盆地,汤原断陷和方正断陷为其两个面积较大的二级构造单元。通过对汤原断陷和方正断陷边界断裂的研究,可以进一步了解依舒断裂带的形成和演化过程。研究发现,在始新世-渐新世依舒地堑边界断裂的活动整体上具有多中心、不均衡的特征,汤原断陷东部的边界断裂为控盆断裂,方正断陷东、西两侧的边界断裂对盆地的发展都具有一定的控制作用,但西部边界断裂为主要控盆断裂。断层的生长指数分析表明,依舒地堑内部的北西向断裂与边界断裂的活动具有一致的规律性,都起到协调边界断裂演化发展的作用。依舒地堑边界断裂转换引张方向是由莫霍面梯度带的倾斜方向所决定,梯度带的倾向与地堑的整体伸展方向相同。 相似文献
5.
X.-M. Yang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(6):755-770
The Gorgon Platform is located on the southeastern edge of the Exmouth Plateau in the North Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia. A structural analysis using three-dimensional (3D) seismic data has revealed four major sets of extensional faults, namely, (1) the Exmouth Plateau extensional fault system, (2) the basin bounding fault system (Exmouth Plateau–Gorgon Platform Boundary Fault), (3) an intra-rift fault system in the graben between the Exmouth Plateau and the Gorgon Platform and (4) an intra-rift fault system within the graben between the Exmouth Plateau and the Exmouth Sub-basin. Fault throw-length analyses imply that the initial fault segments, which formed the Exmouth Plateau–Gorgon Platform Boundary Fault (EG Boundary Fault), were subsequently connected vertically and laterally by both soft- and hard-linked structures. These major extensional fault systems were controlled by three different extensional events during the Early and Middle Jurassic, Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, and illustrate the strong role of structural inheritance in determining fault orientation and linkage. The Lower and Middle Jurassic and Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous syn-kinematic sequences are separated by unconformities. 相似文献
6.
阿尔金北缘索尔库里北山铜银矿床控矿构造分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
索尔库里北山铜银矿床位于阿尔金北缘的索尔库里走廊北侧,属于受推覆构造上盘次级断裂控制的热液型矿床。矿区出露蓟县系金雁山组厚层灰岩段、中层灰岩段和青白口系小泉达坂组薄层片岩段3个岩性段。薄层片岩段所构成的推覆构造原地系统中的紧闭褶皱及面理置换、厚层灰岩段和中层灰岩段构成的推覆构造外来系统中的中等-开阔型褶皱、推覆构造以及晚期陡倾角走滑断裂构成矿区基本构造格架。推覆构造自南向北推覆并被后期阿尔金走滑断裂穿切,推覆构造面转折处上盘发育的次级断裂是主要的赋矿构造;矿化带和矿体的形态、产状、分布和规模均严格受赋矿构造的控制。 相似文献
7.
Mansour S. Alhumimidi Hussein M. Harbi Mohammed S. Alfarhan Kamal Abdelrahman Carlos L.V. Aiken 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(14):306
Khuff Formation is of utmost importance in Saudi Arabia for oil and gas reservoir although it is composed mainly of limestone. This reason refers to the existence of intensive fractures which play a vital role in the increase in porosity and permeability of this formation. The fracture pattern in the study area was verified through 2D and 3D ground penetrating radar (GPR)-defined and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)-defined surveys. In this respect, ten of 2D GPR surveys were collected along an intersected grid of profiles covering the study area while ERT data were collected along three profiles of the GPR grid. The results were interpreted in light of the field-based structural and stratigraphic assessment of the outcropping rocks. The analysis of the inverted ERT and filtered GPR sections revealed the presence of fractures. Several resistivity and electromagnetic reflection anomalies were laterally and vertically identified across the measured sections clarifying fractures that extend to a depth of 24 m in the limestone. Most fractures are oriented vertical to sub-vertical dipping both east-west and north-south. 相似文献
8.
山东惠民凹陷伸展构造及调节带特征 总被引：30，自引：12，他引：30
综合应用地震、钻井等资料 ,对山东惠民凹陷的伸展构造及调节带特征进行了系统的分析。认为惠民凹陷的总体构造特征是正断层发育 ,构造类型以伸展断块构造 (半地堑和半地垒 )为主。凹陷内一级正断层主要控制着凹陷的沉积和构造特征 ,二级断层控制着构造带(凹陷内的半地垒 )的形成 ,三级及四级断层控制着局部构造的形成或对局部构造起复杂化作用。惠民凹陷具有分区块断构造特征 ,即呈南北分带、东西分块的构造格局 ,纵向伸展断块之间为调节带所调节。分析认为惠民凹陷内发育 2个一级调节带和 5个二级调节带 ,它们多是油气聚集的有利地区。 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2003,25(10):1645-1658
A reservoir that appears to lack faults at one scale of resolution or at one sampling density may nevertheless contain faults that are below the resolution of the observations. The area–depth relationship from a balanced cross-section is shown to contain the necessary information for predicting the sub-resolution fault heave. Existing area–depth theory is extended to include growth units, allowing structural length and thickness changes to be separated from the depositional changes. The technique is validated with a numerical model of a growth full graben and a sand-box model of a half graben; then field tested in the Gilbertown graben, a growth structure within the regional peripheral fault trend along the northern margin of the Gulf of Mexico. A cross-section developed from wells alone is used to infer the abundance of sub-resolution faults by the area-balance technique. A small but significant amount of sub-resolution extension is predicted and then confirmed with a high-resolution seismic line. 相似文献
10.
The Finne fault zone, located in central Germany to the southwest of the Harz mountains, was studied by means of detailed map analysis, investigations of fault displacement and balanced cross-sections for the most strongly deformed area in the center of the fault zone (ca. 50?% of total fault zone length). The system of the Finne fault zone shows a nearly 100-km-long straight flexure that symbolizes the morphological and geological northeastern border of the Thuringian basin. In the central part, which should be surveyed here, the fault zone corresponds to a distinctive narrow band of highly deformed Triassic sedimentary rocks. The northwestern and especially the southeastern parts of the research area are developed as several parallel branch faults. In the southeastern elongation of the fault zone, which is not part of our survey, the sedimentary cover is missing. Here, it is possible to gain insight to the fact that the basement is also involved to the kinematics of the fault zone. Based on our results, we propose a subdivision of the fault zone into four sectors. From the northwest to the southeast, we interpret the structure of these sectors to reflect (1) a compressional flexure, (2) an overthrust graben, and (3) a partially inverted and folded half graben. In the extreme southeast (4), the fault zone is characterized by an anticline with some strike-slip movement parallel to the fold axis. This segmentation is caused by a thrust fault system whose strike direction deviates slightly from that of the earlier formed graben system. The structural configuration can be explained by a two-phase deformation, in which the contractional strain exceeded the preceding extensional deformation. In the investigated area, the horizontal shortening attains a maximum of ca. 1?km. The present study confirms many earlier hypotheses, presents new results on the deformation history of the fault zone, and attempts to evaluate the deformation in a regional geological context. The results of earlier studies were refined and revised using modern methods, and a unified structural and kinematic model of the Finne fault zone was created. 相似文献
11.
施洞口断裂位于贵州东部,曾作为贵州大地构造的分界,但马号段构造样式历有争议,为了探讨施秉县金钟山非典型丹霞地貌成因,即金钟山白垩纪断陷盆地及其“红层”非典型丹霞山体地貌形成的控制因素,对施洞口断裂带马号段、台盘段和舟溪段等多个重要剖面进行调查研究,结合区域地质资料,否定“巴团飞来峰构造”,认同1:20万镇远幅区域地质图划定的构造透镜体形式,同时查明了金钟山白垩系南东边界的沉积关系其实是断层接触,构成施洞口断裂马号地区较大规模构造透镜体的南东边界,使施洞口断裂在整体的平剖结构展布上呈现分支联合的构造透镜状普遍规律特征,另外认为马号—金钟山公路沿线寒武系白云岩为不整合沉积覆盖于青白口系之上,而东侧一带的青白口系又以逆冲断层“推覆”于寒武系白云岩之上,从而成为导致施洞口断裂带在马号段构造特征较为复杂的主要原因,据此本文对施洞口断裂构造特征进行了再次调查梳理,具有较重要的基础地质科学意义,并从地质演化角度解释了施秉金钟山白垩纪断陷盆地及其“红层”非典型丹霞地貌山体的形成,可为金钟山的旅游开发提供地学科普参考依据。 相似文献
12.
宁夏香山含煤区掩盖面积大,勘查程度低,空白区多。通过对已有地质资料分析,线驮石煤矿区边界断层为倾向北东的正断层,在东部土坡组露头附近有一倾向南西的正断层,两断层形成地堑使区内的含煤地层得以保存。根据矿区边界断层以西勘查资料推测,断层以东至土坡组露头区域太原组发育较稳定的中厚煤层及部分不稳定的厚煤层,煤种为无烟煤,全区可采煤层预测资源量约3．8亿t,此外在深井预测区以西大范围掩盖区也可能赋存可观的煤炭资源,如果上述两区资源量得以证实,将会改变对香山含煤区煤炭资源的评价。 相似文献
13.
伊通地堑断层系统与构造样式 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
与走滑相关的盆地构造一般比较复杂,主要表现为断层系统较复杂和构造样式类型丰富。通过对三维地震资料进行系统的构造解析,结合区域地质和钻井资料的分析表明,伊通地堑的断层系统在平面上主要由近东西向的张性正断层和北东走向的张剪性断层组成,反映盆地具右旋走滑的应力体制;断层在演化序列上分为4个类型,与盆地的形成和演化之间存在良好的对应关系。地堑构造样式以"基底卷入型"为主,从盆地的动力学机制的角度,它属于"走滑—拉分型",进一步可将它概括为5种类型的构造样式,而且每一个断陷都以一种构造样式占主体,其展布具有明显的规律性。构造样式的差异是造成不同断陷具有独特油气分布规律的主导因素。 相似文献
14.
地质雷达探测以其分辨率高、定位准确、快速经济、灵活方便、剖面直观、实时图像显示等优点,成为地质调查中广泛使用的一种探测方法。本次宁夏青铜峡地区1∶5万新构造与活动构造区填图中运用地质雷达探测技术对第四系和隐伏断层进行了探测。结果表明,40 MHz地质雷达可以有效地探测地表以下30 m内的第四系结构,可清晰地识别出3套第四纪地层。这一地层结构划分被第四系浅钻证实,其为第四系全新统灵武组,自下而上由泥岩、砂砾石层和含砾的砂或泥等3套地层组成。对测区主干断裂——柳木高断裂南段的地质雷达探测表明,断裂带表现为近地表发散向下汇聚的正花状结构,这与探槽揭露的特征一致,表明地质雷达探测可以准确标定隐伏断层平面位置与垂向精细结构。本次宁夏地质填图证实,地质雷达技术是浅覆盖活动构造区进行隐伏断裂调查和第四纪地层层序划分的可行、高效、便捷的技术方法之一。 相似文献
15.
《Geodinamica Acta》2001,14(1-3):57-69
There is a N–S lying narrow strip of Neogene outcrop between the towns of Kuşadası and Söke in western Anatolia. It contains remnants of successive Neogene graben basins. The first graben began to form under the control of a N40–70°E-trending oblique fault system during the Early Miocene. At the initial phase of the opening coarse clastic rocks were deposited in front of the fault-elevated blocks as scree deposits and fanglomerates. Later the graben advanced into a large lake basin. Towards the end of the Middle Miocene the lacustrine sediments of the Early–Middle Miocene age underwent an approximately N–S compressional deformation and elevated above the lake level, and were partly eroded. During the Late Miocene a new graben basin began to form as a consequence of the development of E–W-trending normal faults, formed under the N–S extensional regime. This graben also turned later into a lake environment. The lake extended far beyond the limits of the fault zones, and covered the entire regions stretching from the south of Bafa Lake in the south to Kuşadası and beyond in the north. Micritic clayey limestones were predominantly deposited in the lake. A severe erosional phase followed the termination of the lake basin. This corresponds to the cessation of the N–S extension. When the N–S extension regenerated during the Pliocene(?)–Pleistocene, the Büyük Menderes graben system began to form. In the western part of the graben, a conjugated pair of oblique faults, the Priene–Sazlı fault and the Kuşadası fault, have formed. The faults having important strike-slip components, bounded a tectonic wedge, which began to move westward into the Aegean Sea region. Major morphological features of the region were formed under the effective control of these fault zones. 相似文献
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17.
胶东是中国探明金资源量最多的地区,其中焦家金矿带已探明金资源量>1000t。金矿床(体)严格受焦家主断裂及其下盘次级断裂/裂隙系统控制,构建断裂构造控矿模式长期以来都是胶东金成矿系统理论与勘查系统实践亟待突破的关键问题。本文通过典型剖面构造-蚀变-矿化岩相填图、露头尺度构造解析、三维结构模型及有限元数值模拟,剖析典型金矿床(体)分布与不同级别、序次和型式的控矿构造的关系,初步总结焦家金矿带控矿规律,构建断裂带三维结构模型及其控矿模式,并应用有限元数值模拟取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
18.
三维构造建模是构造研究的前沿手段和发展方向,具有实用性、精确性、可视性等多种优势,在国内外应用越来越广泛,但目前主要以局部油藏和断块为研究对象,针对全盆地尺度的三维构造建模比较少。尼日尔Termit盆地在早白垩世和古近纪发育两期裂谷,导致盆地断裂发育,构造复杂,构造研究的难度大。本文通过摸索和研究,利用大量二维和三维地震以及100余口井资料,将Termit盆地(约30 000 km2)作为一个整体进行三维构造建模,克服断层多、构造复杂、数据量庞大等难题,采用层位模拟、断层三角网格剖分、断层自动命名、断面交切关系处理、闭合边界自动生成等技术,在Termit盆地实现了盆地级三维构造建模,该模型可提取全盆地任意方向、任意层位的构造剖面以及任意连井剖面,同时可以任意提取每个区带及局部构造的三维立体模型,以便进行更精细的构造分析。该建模技术为大范围工区精细构造研究提供了新的技术手段,可应用于构造单元的划分、区带评价、目标优选及井位论证等许多方面。Termit盆地三维地质构造模型显示该盆地具有断坳叠置、下大上小的盆地结构,早期晚白垩世坳陷期海相烃源岩广泛分布,后期古近纪叠置裂谷坐落在晚白垩世坳陷期海相烃源岩之上,有利于后期古近纪叠置裂谷聚集油气。基于建立的盆地构造模型,进一步明确了该盆地各区带的构造特征及成藏潜力。研究认为Fana低凸起位于Moul凹陷和Dinga凹陷之间,断裂较为发育,有利于油气的运移、聚集和成藏,是盆地最有利的勘探区带;Dinga断阶带紧邻Dinga凹陷,断裂最发育,也是有利的勘探区带;Araga地堑断裂发育,成藏条件较好;而Moul凹陷和Dinga凹陷虽然油源条件好,但构造活动较弱,断裂不发育或较弱,不利于油气的向上运移,勘探潜力较差。此外,基于盆地构造模型可以对两期叠置裂谷形成的构造样式及断裂进行精细分析,研究其对油气聚集成藏的控制作用,从而优选出有利的目标,为井位部署提供决策建议。该成果和认识在Termit盆地的勘探中取得了很好的应用效果,进一步促进了古近系上组合和白垩系下组合的勘探突破。 相似文献
19.
ＧｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃａｎｄＤｙｎａｍｉｃａｌＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＳｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｉｎＹｉｔｏｎｇＧｒａｂｅｎ￥ＸｉｅＸｉｎｏｎｇ；ＳｕｎＹｏｎｇｃｈｕａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｉｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓ... 相似文献
20.
Hasan Hüseyin Aksu Mehmet Zakir Kanbur Muhittin Görmüş 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(17):387
A ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey was performed on the E?irdir Lake to obtain the structural properties of Kumdanl? and surrounding faults. GPR data was collected along ten profiles in various directions by using 100–200-MHz GPR antennas. The radar sections showed that the Kumdanl? Fault, SW-NE in direction, and also some other neighboring NW-SE normal faults have played an active role in forming the E?irdir-Hoyran Lakes. The deformation and the geometry obtained from the results show that the Kumdanl? Fault is a sinistral strike-slip fault including oblique and segmented displacements. The other faults (Kemerdam? and Akkeçili) have mainly normal fault systems. Their trends are generally NW-SE in direction. It is also observed that they are younger than the Kumdanl? Fault system. These fault properties demonstrate the E?irdir Lake side has an extensional structure trending SW-NE. 相似文献