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1.
峡东宜昌四溪震旦系灯影组多重地层划分   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据四溪灯影组岩石地层和层序地层综合研究结果,并结合遗迹化石组合特征分析,以灯影组石板滩段中部存在的冲刷侵蚀面为标志,灯影组内部可划分为两个不同的沉积层序,其中下部沉积层序的灰岩中含丰富多样的遗迹化石和文德带藻化石,与标准剖面上的石板滩段以及国外伊迪卡拉生物分异大发展时期沉积的地层可以大致对比,本区灯影组石板滩段灰岩的δ^13C值相对较高,变化于3.01‰-4.50‰,上部白马沱段白云的δ^13C为1.80‰-2.30‰。灯影组碳同位素组特点与纳米比亚,西伯利亚地台以及加拿大西北部末前寒武系上部碳同位素组成特点相似,指示灯影组是伊迪卡拉动物分异发展之后,寒武纪之前的沉积产物。  相似文献   

2.
本文系统研究了峡东灯影峡上埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组上部至灯影组石板滩段及其区内与之同期不同相区(或古地理部位)地层岩石、生物、层序和碳同位素地层,结果发现峡东埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组—灯影组界线附近地层横向上存在台地相、高陡边缘台地边缘相和盆地相多种沉积相类型,灯影组的底界和内部划分明显受沉积相的制约,以白云岩出现为标志的灯影组底界是一个明显的穿时面。与灯影组中部存在的两次海进—海退旋回相对应不仅发生了两次δ13C的上升和下降,而且发生了两次重要的生物辐射事件,在石板滩段下部和上部分别出现了具有全球广泛对比意义的叶状埃迪卡拉动物和管状Cloudiniids动物。据此可以将峡东灯影组划分出两个可以进行全球对比的年代地层单位泗溪阶和龙灯溪阶。由于龙灯溪阶上部,继Cloudiniids消失之后,小壳化石出现之前发生了δ13C的震荡下降,并在灯影组白马沱段底部出现了最小δ13C达到-12‰的碳同位素强烈负偏离。因此,生物和碳同位素组成变化特点及其全球对比显示长江三峡地区寒武系的底界应大致与灯影峡剖面上灯影组石板滩段与白马沱段界线一致。  相似文献   

3.
全球末元古系建系研究是当前国际地层学研究的重要课题之一。我国宜昌峡东地区震旦系沿江剖面研究历史悠久,已有相当深入的岩石地层、生物层及层序地层研究,并被推荐为国际未元古系候选层邓剖面之一。为进一步提高其研究精度,本文系统地研究了震旦系沿江剖面碳酸盐岩同位素化学地层,研究结果表明,陡山沱组底部“碳酸盐岩帽”的δ^13C-3.1‰-3-3.7‰,向上为正偏移,至层序Ⅲ(DS3)最大值达+6.7‰。陡山沱组顶部(DS6)再次出现偏移-2.5‰,构成一个完整的变化周期。同时,^87Sr/^86Sr值表现出向上增大的变化,由陡山沱组度部(DS1)的0.707743逐渐增高陡山沱组顶部(DS6)的0.707965;灯影组蛤蟆井段(DS7)的δ^13C值变化在-2.45‰-+5‰之间(DS8),至石板滩段中部再降至+1.7‰(DS),而后基本保持在+1.7‰-3.6‰之间平衡变动。白马沱段顶部δ^13C再次降至+0.5‰,并有向负偏移的趋势。灯影组的^87Sr/^86Sr值依然出现由老至新递增的趋势(0.708244-0.708993)与当前国际末元古系剖面的化学地层特征基本一致。  相似文献   

4.
碳同位素已成为研究震旦纪地质事件的重要手段之一,其特征主要与古海洋生物产率、有机质埋藏量及其氧化程度有关,具体表现为生物产率、有机质埋藏量升高和(或)有机质氧化程度降低,δ13C值增大;反之,δ13C值减小。浙江江山位于扬子地台东南缘,东南以江山-绍兴断裂为界与华夏古陆毗邻。江山震旦系地层出露齐全,顶底完整。通过分析其中48个碳同位素数值特征发现,该区震旦系碳同位素特征有四处异常,这些异常出现在地质界线(系、组、段的分界线)附近,是地质事件的反映,即陡山沱组底部碳同位素负异常是“雪球地球”事件的反映;陡山沱组中部碳同位素负漂移是海平面下降和(或)洋流翻转的反映;陡山沱组顶部与灯影组底部交界附近的碳同位素负异常是海平面下降的反映;灯影组顶部的碳同位素异常是震旦系与寒武系边界时期古气候、古环境强烈变化的反映。  相似文献   

5.
碳酸盐岩中碳同位素组成的演化对于古环境研究重要意义。笔者研究了浙江煤山剖面的新元古代地层陡山沱组和灯影组中δ13C,δ18O,87Sr/86Sr以及微量元素含量的演化。所分析的87Sr/86Sr值都大于0.714,同时大多数Mn/Sr比值在4~20之间。因为Sr在海洋中的存留时间很长(约3Ma),盖帽碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr可指示冰期海水的Sr同位素组成,而在雪球事件期间87Sr/86Sr不可能这么高。在冰期之后,由于冰期前沉积的大量碳酸盐岩和冰期时喷发的玄武岩与陆壳岩石一起风化,海洋87Sr/86Sr也不会升到如此之高,可以认为所研究地层87Sr/86Sr已被成岩改造。大多数δ13O大于-10,并且δ13O和δ13C之间不存在明显的相关关系,表明大多数样品记录了初始的碳同位素组成。δ13C的演化曲线在碳酸盐盖帽以及陡出沱组-灯影组交界呈现明显的负漂移(-4‰~-3‰),在主要的陡山沱和灯影时期则最高升至+3‰~+4‰。碳酸盐盖帽中的δ13C负漂移可能由多种原因造成,例如:因为在雪球事件时海洋中光合作用几乎完全中止,造成海水与海底热液中CO2(约-6‰)的δ13C值趋同;冰期后即使生物产量已经快速恢复,但是极高的碳酸盐沉积速率仍会造成较低的δ13C值;原来甲烷水合物在冰期后中释放出甲烷;冰期后原来分层的海洋发生垂向洋流。目前尚不能唯一地确定碳酸盐盖幔中的δ13C负漂移是由某一个原因造成的,可能是由几个因素共同作用的结果。随着生物产量、大气中CO2含量和洋流都在雪球事件之后逐渐恢复正常,陡山沱组碳酸盐岩中δ13C也逐渐升高到正常的正值。当大气中巨量的CO2通过风化、碳酸盐岩沉积和有机质埋藏等途径被移除以后,气候开始变冷。当气个冷到某个临界范围时,强烈的温盐环流造成的上升洋流把富集12C的深部海水带到表层海水,造成陡山沱组-灯影组交界处的δ13C表现负漂移,同时使大气中的CO2升高到正常水平。灯影时期的气候要比陡山沱稳定。大气和海洋环境在几乎整个灯影时期都维持在适合生态系统的状态中,因面灯影组的δ13C大多为正值。  相似文献   

6.
全球末元古系建系研究是当前国际地层学研究的重要课题之一。我国宜昌峡东地区震旦系沿江剖面研究历史悠久,已有相当深入的岩石地层、生物地层及层序地层研究,并被推荐为国际末元古系候选层序剖面之一。为进一步提高其研究精度,本文系统地研究了震旦系沿江剖面碳酸盐岩同位素化学地层。研究结果表明,陡山沱组底部“碳酸盐岩帽”的δ~(13)C为-3.1‰~-3.7‰,向上为正偏移,至层序Ⅲ(DS3)最大值达+6.7‰。陡山沱组顶部(DS6)再次出现负偏移-2.5‰,构成一个完整的变化周期。同时,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值表现出向上增大的变化,由陡山沱组底部(DS1)的0.707743逐渐增高至陡山沱组顶部(DS6)的0.707965;灯影组蛤蟆井段(DS7)的δ~(13)C值变化在-2.5‰~+5‰之间(DS8),至石板滩段中部再次降至+1.7‰(DS10),而后基本保持在+1.7‰~3.6‰之间平稳变动。白马沱段顶部δ~(13)C再次降至+0.5‰,并有向负偏移的趋势。灯影组的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值依然出现由老至新递增的趋势(0.708244~0.708993)与当前国际末元古系剖面的化学地层特征基本一致。  相似文献   

7.
华南埃迪卡拉系斜坡相带碳稳定同位素特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为验证碳稳定同位素特征在不同沉积环境的变化,选择了斜坡相带张家界田坪埃迪卡拉系剖面进行碳同位素的研究,系统采集了110件碳酸盐岩样品,并在中国地质调查局同位素地球化学开放研究实验室通过MAT-251质谱仪完成了碳、氧稳定同位素测试。测试结果显示,张家界田坪埃迪卡拉系剖面所记录的碳稳定同位素曲线,除了陡山沱组底部的负异常外,和任何已知的这一时期的碳同位素曲线均有较大的差异。从陡山沱组二段中下部开始,δ13 C表现为长期稳定的正漂移。大致在4.0‰附近波动,变化幅度在2.0‰~6.0‰之间,这一趋势一直延续至灯影组二段的中部,随后δ13 C逐渐减小,并在灯影组三段中部降至负值。从田坪剖面所处的古地理位置等因素的综合考虑,该剖面陡山沱组碳同位素δ13C值既受控于氧化还原界面的迁移,同时,也叠加了碳酸盐岩风化作用的影响;而灯影组的碳同位素δ13C值则更多地受控于海平面的变化。  相似文献   

8.
贵州瓮安陡山沱组剖面碳同位素生物地球化学研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在对扬子地台贵州瓮安陡山沱组剖面干酪根碳同住素组成进行分析后发现其变化显示了一定的规律性。碳同住素规律变化反映了最初的沉积信息,特别是有机质埋藏量的变化。获得的陡山沱期沉积岩中碳同位素组成研究结果初步反映了震旦一寒武交变期沉积环境的面貌;碳同位素组成变化规律可以用于反映扬子地台沉积层序和世界同期地层全球碳循环的对比和参考。为扬子区陡山沱期环境变化和生物演化提供了证据。δ^13Cker值在-32.3‰和-24.5‰(PDB)间漂移与δ^13Ccarb值在-4.9‰和3.6‰(PDB)间的变化,反映了当时海水的碳同位素组成。无机和有机碳同位素组成之差的△δorg-carb值沿剖面不断变化,是由于沉积有机质中有促进发酵功能的细菌数量比例变化所致。  相似文献   

9.
关成国  王伟  周传明 《地质学报》2024,98(3):712-724
湖北宜昌地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组记录了多次显著的无机碳同位素(δ13Ccarb)波动事件,它们可以在华南乃至全球范围内进行广泛对比。然而,在一些特定剖面中,陡山沱组底部盖帽碳酸盐岩记录了δ13Ccarb极负值(<30‰,VPDB),以及上覆陡山沱组二段底部地层中δ13Ccarb在正负值之间频繁波动的现象。一般认为,成岩作用中形成的碳酸盐矿物导致了这些分布不规律的δ13Ccarb波动,并对利用碳酸盐岩全岩无机碳同位素(δ13Cbulk)数据进行古海洋碳同位素组成恢复的可靠性造成了干扰。为了评估成岩作用对δ13Cbulk的影响,本文利用宜昌雾河地区埃迪卡拉系的一口钻井岩芯,对陡山沱组下部地层进行了详细的岩石学观察和碳同位素分析。研究结果表明,陡山沱组下部的碳酸盐岩中存在形成于成岩过程中的方解石矿物,而碳酸盐岩中的白云石组分并未遭受严重的后期成岩作用改造,白云石组分的碳同位素(δ13Cdolo)组成能够更加准确地反映沉积时的海水信息。为获得样品的δ13Cdolo信息,本研究首先将全岩粉末样品与30%磷酸反应2 h,去除其中的方解石组分,然后测试残余样品的碳同位素。实验结果显示,该方法可以有效去除岩石粉末中的方解石组分,最终获得的数据能够准确地反映δ13Cdolo特征。陡山沱组二段下部样品δ13Cdolo为连续稳定的正值,且明显高于δ13C bulk,δ13Cdolo 曲线更加真实地反映了新元古代冰期结束之后海洋碳同位素组成的变化特征。  相似文献   

10.
危凯  刘安  李海  李继涛 《地质通报》2017,36(5):800-810
对湖北长阳两河口ZK04钻孔岩心进行了详细的碳酸盐岩C、O同位素分析,识别了埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组4次明显的δ~(13)C负偏离,分别位于陡山沱组一段、二段中上部、二段上部和三段上部至四段。其中第1、2和4次δ~(13)C负偏离与黄陵背斜周缘的剖面能够很好地对应,具有重要的区域和全球地层对比意义。在第1次δ~(13)C正偏离区域内并未发现明显的δ~(13)C负偏,分析认为WANCE事件可能仅代表了峡东部分地区一次短暂的δ~(13)C降低事件。第3次δ~(13)C负偏离表现最显著,然而在秭归泗溪和青林口以外的其他地区未见报道,可能是由于水体较浅的区域发生了地层缺失,未能保存此次δ~(13)C负偏离。长阳ZK04孔陡山沱组顶部的第4次δ~(13)C负偏离表现较弱,考虑到陡山沱组四段的黑色页岩较少发育,推测长阳两河口地区在陡山沱晚期处于浅水台地或台地边缘。DOUNCE可能是地史时期最大的一次全球性C同位素负偏离事件,其与大型具刺疑源类化石群和埃迪卡拉生物群的发展演化有紧密的联系,对于全球埃迪卡拉纪统级地层对比具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

11.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

12.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

13.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

14.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应PH值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。  相似文献   

16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

17.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

19.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997  相似文献   

20.
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.  相似文献   

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