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1.
韩沟二长花岗斑岩岩体位于崤山北部,其成因研究不仅可对崤山北部构造演化提供重要约束,而且可为区域找矿提供新思路。对韩沟岩体中黑云母二长花岗斑岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,20个测点的206Pb/238U年龄为142~147 Ma,加权平均年龄为(145.1±0.7)Ma。韩沟岩体具有高硅、富碱高钾、贫镁低钙的特征,属于富钾钙碱性花岗岩类(KCG)。韩沟岩体的稀土配分模式具有右倾、轻稀土富集及重稀土亏损的特征,(La/Yb)N范围为10.41~11.51,显示弱正Eu异常。韩沟岩体样品富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,在微量元素蛛网图上显示明显的Nb、Ta及Ti负异常。韩沟岩体具有高Sr、低Y和低Yb的特征,属于埃达克岩,Na_2O和K_2O含量表明其为C型埃达克岩。韩沟岩体是加厚大陆下地壳的部分熔融形成的,部分熔融源区的残余相矿物包括石榴石和金红石,且无(富钙)斜长石残留。崤山北部至少经历了~145 Ma和~130 Ma两次规模不等的岩石圈拆沉作用,韩沟岩体为~145Ma规模较小岩石圈拆沉作用的产物。韩沟岩体的形成时代与~145 Ma区域成岩成矿期相接近,在岩石圈拆沉作用这一灾变过程中,必然导致深部流体的大规模活动及其快速释放,表明韩沟岩体周缘及深部应具有较大的Au成矿潜力,其周缘11个Au矿床(点)就是最好的找矿证明。 相似文献
2.
《现代地质》2017,(4)
豫西崤山北部内生金属成矿作用较弱,仅有几个规模较小的Au矿床。对崤山北部燕山期酸性小岩体开展岩石成因研究,不仅可对深部动力学过程进行限定,而且为区域找矿思路的转变提供依据。为此,对崤山北部的后河岩体全岩样品进行了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素及锆石稀土元素成分分析。后河岩体具有高硅、富碱高钾、贫镁低钙的特征,岩体样品投点在SiO_2-K_2O图解中落入钾玄岩系列,A/CNK值介于1.04~1.26之间。后河岩体的稀土配分模式具有右倾平滑、轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征,(La/Yb)_N范围为30.95~49.38,无明显Eu异常。后河岩体富集Rb和Th,具有明显的Nb、Ta、P和Ti负异常,高Sr,低Y、Yb,属于埃达克岩。后河岩体是加厚大陆下地壳的部分熔融形成的,部分熔融源区的残余相矿物包括石榴石和金红石,岩浆演化过程中没有经历明显的斜长石结晶分异作用。后河岩体锆石稀土元素具有轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集、Ce正异常及无明显Eu异常的特征,锆石的形成温度介于624~701℃之间,后河锆石/熔体体系中重稀土元素分配系数变化证明了深部岩浆(流体)混合作用的存在。后河岩体是早白垩世崤山北部岩石圈拆沉作用的产物,这有利于成矿流体和埃达克质岩浆快速上升,其周缘出露申家窑Au矿床及岩体自身明显的Au、Ag、Cu、Mo及W高含量异常均表明后河具有较大的成矿潜力,它应当是崤山北部的找矿靶区之一。 相似文献
3.
豫西崤山小妹河岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对豫西崤山北部的小妹河岩体中的黑云母石英二长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,30个锆石测点中有23个测点的U-Pb同位素测定值位于或接近一致线,年龄值集中于2644~2695Ma、2490~2546Ma、2367Ma、1844~1859Ma、143.6Ma和129.6~133.8Ma 6个年龄段内。最新年龄段内的9个锆石测点206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为131.5±0.9Ma,代表了小妹河岩体的形成时代。23颗锆石的U–Pb年龄形成了一个新太古代—早白垩世的锆石年龄谱,区域上均存在与之对应的岩浆热事件。小妹河岩体具有富碱、贫镁的特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列;其稀土元素配分模式显示富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,(La/Yb)N值为18.36~24.78,无明显Eu异常;微量元素蛛网图显示Nb、Ta槽及P、Ti负异常。小妹河岩体样品高Sr、低Yb及Y,具有埃达克岩属性,是加厚大陆下地壳的部分熔融形成的,部分熔融源区残余相矿物包括石榴子石和金红石。小妹河岩体形成的构造背景为早白垩世岩石圈拆沉作用,由此触发的岩浆(流体)混合作用成就了小妹河岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄谱。小妹河岩体的形成时代与小秦岭-崤山-熊耳山地区早白垩世广泛而强烈的成岩成矿时代接近,岩石圈拆沉作用利于深部含矿流体快速释放,小妹河岩体及其周缘应当具有较大的成矿潜力,应当被视为崤山北部的找矿靶区之一。 相似文献
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5.
骨头崖花岗岩位于北秦岭构造带东部,西峡县北部,对其开展岩石成因研究有助于深入认识燕山期北秦岭豫西南段深部构造演化。岩体定年样品(GTY01)为中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,30个锆石测点中有25个测点的U-Pb同位素测定值位于或者接近~(207)Pb/~(235)U–~(206)Pb/~(238)U一致线,23个测点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄介于108.4±0.9Ma~114.3±1.0Ma之间,其加权平均年龄为111.7±0.6Ma(MSWD=1.4),代表了骨头崖花岗岩的形成时代。锆石稀土元素具有轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集、Ce正异常及负Eu异常的特征,形成温度介于626℃~769℃之间,岩体的锆石/熔体中重稀土元素特征表明,其形成过程中经历了岩浆混合作用。骨头崖花岗岩为富硅、碱和贫钙、镁的高钾钙碱性系列。岩体富集Rb、Th和亏损Nb、Ta、Ti。岩体的稀土配分模式具有右倾、轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损和负Eu异常的特征,(Eu值介于0.48~0.60之间,(La/Yb)_N范围为5.82~11.19,源区组成和部分熔融程度控制了骨头崖花岗岩的成分变异。骨头崖花岗岩形成于厚度为~40km的地壳内,其部分熔融源区为角闪岩相,部分熔融残余相主要为角闪石和斜长石。骨头崖花岗岩是岩石圈拆沉作用所触发的岩浆底侵作用的产物,从源区岩石部分熔融到最终上侵固结成岩耗时~15Ma,它是岩石圈拆沉作用滞后的岩浆响应。 相似文献
6.
后河岩体位于华北克拉通南缘崤山北部，岩体侵位于太古宙太华超群地层中，主要岩性是黑云母石英二长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩。黑云母石英二长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(131.0±1.8) Ma和(127.3±1.0) Ma。地球化学特征表明二者均具有富钾(K2O/Na2O =1.00~1.51)、过铝(A/CNK =1.12~1.17)、贫镁(Mg#=26~34)的特征，属高钾钙碱性系列的过铝质花岗岩。轻重稀土元素分馏程度较高，富集轻稀土，亏损重稀土，总体富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)而亏损高场强元素(HFSE)，Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.84~0.97)，(La/Yb)N比值高。Hf同位素特征显示，εHf(t)具有明显的负值(-17.8~-9.5)，TDM2主要集中在2.3~1.7 Ga。综上所述，早白垩世后河岩体是华北克拉通南缘加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物，形成于地壳由挤压加厚向伸展减薄转换的阶段。 相似文献
7.
八里甸子地区锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(123.6±2.1)Ma和(126.0±2.8)Ma的早白垩世侵入岩发育.研究表明,岩石为高硅,富钾、钠,低钙、铝、镁的碱钙性—钙碱性系列岩石.微量元素相对高Rb、Sr、Th、Ta、Nb、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ag等碱性元素.以轻稀土富集重稀土亏损为特征.岩石经历了较强的分异作用,是地壳发展演化成熟阶段产物.通过早白垩世侵入岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学与成矿的相关性分析认为:八里甸子地区早白垩世各岩体均为矿化岩体,易形成金矿化,其中钾长花岗岩易形成铅锌矿化、磷钇矿化,是该区寻找金、铅锌和稀土等矿产的重要地区. 相似文献
8.
通过1∶5万区域地质调查,对中亚造山带南缘内蒙古锡林浩特小乌兰沟地区发育的二长花岗岩进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb 同位素年代学、地球化学等研究。LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb测年表明,该花岗岩的侵位年龄为(121.29±0.63) Ma,其形成时代为早白垩世。岩石地球化学研究表明,二长花岗岩具有高硅、富钾、贫镁、贫钙、低磷和低钛的特征,属于高钾钙碱性、过铝质系列岩石;微量元素特征表现为富含大离子亲石元素Rb和高场强元素Th、Ta,而亏损Nb、Sr、Ba;稀土元素以略富集轻稀土、Eu亏损为特征。地球化学特征反映其为A型花岗岩,是陆壳岩石部分熔融的产物。构造环境判别图解表明该岩体具有典型的后造山A2型花岗岩特征,说明早白垩世期间锡林浩特小乌兰沟地区已经处于后造山岩石圈伸展构造环境。 相似文献
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《华北地质》2016,(1)
豫西熊耳山已知的121个内生金属矿床(点)均位于经线112°E以西,其东尚未发现内生金属床(点),对位于经线112°E以东燕山期斑竹寺花岗斑岩开展成因研究有助于区域找矿思路的转变。斑竹寺岩体具有高硅、富碱高钾、贫镁低钙的特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK值介于1.02~1.09之间。它的稀土配分模式具有右倾平滑、轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征,(La/Yb)_N范围为18.48~24.85,无明显Eu异常,微量元素蛛网图中Rb和Th富集,具有明显的Nb、Ta、P和Ti负异常。斑竹寺岩体的Sr含量高、Y及Yb含量低,具有埃达克岩属性,它是加厚大陆下地壳的部分熔融形成的,部分熔融源区残余相矿物包括石榴石和金红石。斑竹寺岩体是早白垩世区域岩石圈拆沉作用的产物,区域上广泛产出与其形成时代相近的成矿作用,它还显示了Au、Pb、Zn等成矿元素的异常富集特征,斑竹寺岩体深部及周缘具有较大成矿潜力。 相似文献
10.
滇西高黎贡造山带始新世岩浆活动及其对印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞的响应 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
高黎贡构造带构成腾冲地块的东部边界,其内出露的新生代花岗岩与印度板块和欧亚大陆的碰撞有关。本文通过岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素示踪对腾冲地块东缘――高黎贡构造带内3个始新世花岗岩体进行了研究,结果表明其形成时代为43~47Ma。岩石具有高钾钙碱性、高硅、富钾、低钙、低磷,A/CNK值介于1.05~1.14之间,LREE富集以及Eu、Sr、Ba、Nb、P和Ti强烈负异常等特征。锆石Lu-Hf同位素测试结果表明九斤粮岩体和大中山岩体的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值特征相近,分布于-8.4~-0.8之间,对应的t_(DMC)值为1317~1730Ma;董家园岩体的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值则分布于球粒陨石线两侧(-7.0~+5.7),对应的t_(DMC)值为907~1531Ma。这些特征说明九斤粮岩体和大中山花岗岩岩浆来源于中-新元古代变沉积岩部分熔融的产物,董家园花岗岩岩浆来源于中-新元古代变基性岩和变沉积岩的部分熔融。岩石地球化学特征和构造环境判别图解显示该期花岗岩形成于同碰撞的构造环境,是腾冲地块内晚白垩世和古新世岩浆活动的延续,是对印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞的响应。 相似文献
11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
12.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2017
This article advances critical geographies of youth through examining the spatiality implicit in the imagined futures of young women in rural India. Geographers and other scholars of youth have begun to pay more attention to the interplay between young people’s past, present, and imagined futures. Within this emerging body of scholarship the role of the family and peer group in influencing young people’s orientations toward the future remain underexamined. Drawing on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork, my research focuses on a first generation of college-going young women from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds in India’s westernmost state of Gujarat. I draw on the “possible selves” theoretical construct in order to deploy a flexible conceptual framework that links imagined post-educational trajectories with motivation to act in the present. In tracing the physical movement of these young women as they navigate and complete college, my analysis highlights the ways in which particular kinds of spaces and spatial arrangements facilitate and limit intra- and inter-generational contact, and the extent to which this affects young women’s conceptions of the future. I conclude by considering the wider implications of my research for ongoing debates surrounding youth transitions, relational geographies of age, and education in the Global South. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
16.
Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability. 相似文献
17.
I. Bejarano-Ramirez Jose M. Jurado R. Muñiz-Valencia Á. Alcázar Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña A. Olivos-Ortiz O. Rangel 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(6):1333-1342
The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments). 相似文献
18.
The shape of sedimentary particles may carry important information on their history. Current approaches to shape classification
(e.g. the Zingg or the Sneed and Folk system) rely on shape indices derived from the measurement of the three principal axes
of the approximating tri-axial ellipsoid. While these systems have undoubtedly proved to be useful tools, their application
inevitably requires tedious and ambiguous measurements, also classification involves the introduction of arbitrarily chosen
constants. Here we propose an alternative classification system based on the (integer) number of static equilibria. The latter
are points of the surface where the pebble is at rest on a horizontal, frictionless support. As opposed to the Zingg system,
our method relies on counting rather than measuring. We show that equilibria typically exist on two well-separated (micro
and macro) scales. Equilibria can be readily counted by simple hand experiments, i.e. the new classification scheme is practically
applicable. Based on statistical results from two different locations we demonstrate that pebbles are well mixed with respect
to the new classes, i.e. the new classification is reliable and stable in that sense. We also show that the Zingg statistics
can be extracted from the new statistics; however, substantial additional information is also available. From the practical
point of view, E-classification is substantially faster than the Zingg method. 相似文献
19.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
20.
Pools,riffles, and channelization 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Edward A. Keller 《Environmental Geology》1978,2(2):119-127
The addition of regularly spaced deeps (pools) and shallows (riffles) that provide a variety of flow conditions, areal sorting
of stream-bed material, cover for wildlife, and a positive aesthetic experience, may be desirable in many channel projects.
Such designs will reduce adverse environmental impacts of stream channel modifications.
Analysis of variance for pool-to-pool spacing data suggests that there is no significant difference with respect to channel
width between pools that form in natural streams and those in streams affected by a variety of human uses. Short of channelization,
which changes the channel width, pools and riffles, within limits, are not particularly sensitive to environmental stress.
Experiments in Gum Branch near Charlotte, North Carolina, support the hypothesis that channel form and process evolve in harmony
and that manipulation of cross-channel morphology can influence the development of desired channel processes. Planned manipulation
of its channel form induced Gum Branch to develop as desired. Morphologic stability consisting of incipient point bars, pools,
and riffles was maintained over a period of high magnitude flood events, only to be degraded later by a wave of sediment derived
from upstream construction and stream-bank failures. Thus, environmentally desirable channel morphology in urban streams cannot
remain stable if changes in the sediment load or storm-water runoff exceed the limits of the stream's ability to make internal
adjustments while maintaining morphologic stability. 相似文献