共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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矿物环境属性与无机界天然自净化功能 总被引：7，自引：11，他引：7
鲁安怀 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2002,21(3):192-197
本将矿物学研究从岩石圈拓展到水圈、大气圈、生物圈与土壤圈之间交互作用的矿物环境属性范畴，研究表明，矿物可成为记录环境演变信息的载体；防止矿物的破坏与分解有可能减少甚至避免由此所造成的对人体健康的影响与生态环境的破坏；矿物与生物交互作用的研究与天然矿物治理污染物的是建立在充分利用自然规律的基础之上，体现了天然自净化作用的特色。天然矿物对污染物的净化功能主要体现在环境矿物材料基本性能方面。天然铁的硫化物，铁的氧化物，锰的氧化物、钛的氧化物。蛭石，有机蒙脱石和含高价阳离子蒙脱石，以及黄钾铁矾等均在处理无机与有机污染物方面展现出良好效果，矿物与其环境界面原子尺度相互作用过程研究，矿物内部结构缺陷影响矿物表面活性规律研究，矿物晶体结构中不同维次连通性孔道效应研究,矿物化学活性作发化污染物方法研究，以及矿物晶芽与生物细胞层次上交互作用净化污染物机理研究等，将是近期着力开发无机界矿物天然自净化功能的重点研究内容。 相似文献
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鲁安怀 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(Z1)
矿物孔道效应表现为孔道离子交换作用,体现为孔道分子筛与离子筛效应.重新审视矿物晶体结构细节,可以发现多数天然矿物均具有孔道结构特征.倡导与加强矿物学环境属性研究,为开发利用这些矿物孔道特性带来可能. 相似文献
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重点阐述环境矿物材料基本性能，包括矿物表面吸附、孔道过滤、结构调整、离子交换、化学活性、物理效应、纳米效应及与生物交互作用等，旨在发掘、凝炼并新提出物理方法和化学方法之后与有机界生物同效的无机界矿物天然自净化功能的基础理论与应用方法，以发展和完善无机矿物与有机生物所共同构筑的自然界中存在的天然自净化系统，并就目前笔者在黄铁矿、锰钾矿、金红石、蛭石、蒙脱石、苋铁铁钒等天然矿物方面已经完成和正在开展的一系列环境矿物材料研究工作进行了举例说明。 相似文献
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天然矿物材料在废水处理中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用天然矿物进行废水处理优势明显。当前,层状(粘土矿物)、架状(沸石)、链状(硅灰石)、岛状(电气石)硅盐酸矿物及锰的氧化物、氢氧化物和铁的硫化物在废水处理方面已有许多研究成果和成功应用的实例,其发展前景广阔。今后,有关金属矿的矿物学特征及其在环境净化中的应用、天然矿物应用条件和再生条件的研究工作应进一步加强。 相似文献
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金属矿物材料在废水处理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从环境矿物学角度，对金属矿物材料(铁氧化物与氢氧化物、锰氧化物和氢氧化物、铁硫化物)在废水处理中的应用现状进行了综述，分析金属矿物材料在水环境保护方面存在的问题，并对其应用前景进行展望。 相似文献
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国内矿物治理重金属废水研究进展与展望 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
综述了我国利用天然矿物治理重金属废水方面的研究新成果。天然铁的硫化物、天然铁锰的氧化物、方解石与磷灰石等具有良好的表面吸附与氧化还原化学活性；不同介质中它们能不同程度地表现出对Cr^6 、Pb^2 、Hg^2 、Cd^2 等重金属离子的吸附作用，可广泛用于重金属废水处理。矿物吸附重金属离子机理的研究表明，矿物对重金属的吸附是矿物表面与无机重金属离子之间的表面作用过程，包括矿物表面功能基与重金属离子的配位反应、矿物表面氧化还原反应和沉淀转化作用，以及矿物表面离子交换吸附作用等。 相似文献
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天然锰氧化物矿物氧化废水中苯酚的动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用天然锰氧化物矿物在酸性条件下的强氧化性,研究其氧化水中苯酚的动力学,模拟锰氧化物矿物氧化苯酚的反应过程。通过测定初始浓度为100~1000 mg/L,pH值为1~2,温度为293~333 K时不同氧化时间锰氧化物矿物对苯酚的氧化结果,比较伪一级和伪二级反应方程的线性拟合情况;结果表明,该反应动力学曲线用伪二级反应模型拟合时相关系数高于用伪一级反应方程线性的拟合,所以这个反应可用来模拟伪二级反应。根据动力学数据得出Arrhenius反应活化能Ea为11.62 kJ/mol,说明温度对该反应影响不显著,且是一个扩散控制反应。 相似文献
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通过XRD和IR对湖南湘潭锰矿中含锰氧化物进行物相分析，确认其主要物相为单斜晶系锰钾矿。利用锰的磁性质计算得到锰以Mn^4 、Mn^2 组合形式存在，结合电子探针微区化学成分分析计算出矿物的晶胞参数和样品的晶体化学式。该天然锰钾矿结晶粒度属于纳米级，其晶体结构中存在孔径不一的两种孔道，K^ 位于由[MnO6]八面体所构筑的较大孔道内。天然锰钾矿具有表面吸附，氧化还原、离子交换、孔道效应和纳米效应等良好的环境属性。 相似文献
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土壤和沉积物中天然有机质(NOM)稳定性问题受到关注,主要是因为NOM的稳定性直接影响到大气中CO2的平衡与全球气候变化。此外,天然有机质还影响着土壤和沉积物中矿物的表面反应性、污染物的环境行为与生物有效性。因此,本综述在详细介绍土壤和沉积物中NOM稳定性矿物学机制研究的理论与方法的同时,也简略介绍了NOM的组成结构与反应性,并着重强调NOM/矿物微界面过程作用机制的重要性。许多研究表明,土壤和沉积物中NOM稳定性的矿物学机制主要包括矿物表面吸附和物理包裹。本综述目的是,介绍矿物保护的稳定NOM的分离、特性及其分析测定方法与技术,并且强调NOM稳定性矿物学保护机制系统性研究的重要性,以搞清矿物学保护机制在土壤和沉积物中NOM稳定保持中的贡献与重要性以及矿物学保护机制对天然有机质稳定性的调控作用,从而提高对土壤和沉积物环境生态的地球化学、矿物学的认识水平。 相似文献
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铁(氢)氧化物矿物对有机污染物的光催化氧化作用 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19
对水溶液中(氢)氧化铁的光催化氧化反应的发展与机理研究进行了总结,着重对近十年来应用针铁矿／过氧化氢进行光催化氧化环境中有机物的研究进展及其环境矿物学意义作了概述和探讨。采用天然生物矿化的纳米针铁矿／过氧化氢以偶氮染料甲基橙为光解模型物进行了光催化氧化的初步研究,结果表明铁细菌形成的针铁矿具有降解生物难降解的有机污染物的能力。在甲基橙溶液初始浓度为30mg／L,铁细菌矿化的针铁矿用量2．5g／L,反应体系H2O2的初始浓度97mmol／L,pH值为6．92,15W紫外灯照射2h后,甲基橙浓度可降低33％。 相似文献
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There are increasing concerns with elevated levels of Cr(VI) in the environment because it is a strong oxidant, corrosive, and carcinogenic. The concerns extend to the presence of Cr(VI) in many aquifers in California and elsewhere, where relatively high levels have been attributed to both industrial pollution and natural processes. The authors have, therefore, determined if natural redox processes contribute to the presence of high Cr(VI) concentrations (6–36 μg L−1) in an aquifer in central California relative to non-detectable concentrations (<0.1 μg L−1) in an adjacent aquifer. Specifically, the distribution and the redox speciation of dissolved (<0.45 μm) Cr have been compared with those of particulate Mn and Fe oxy-hydroxides in sediments, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mn and Fe L-edges. The analyses show a correlation between the presence of dissolved Cr(VI) and Mn (hydr)oxide minerals, which are the only common, naturally occurring minerals known to oxidize Cr(III) in laboratory experiments. This covariance substantiates the results of those experiments and previous field studies that indicate natural oxidation mechanisms might account for the relatively high levels of Cr(VI) in the study site, as well as for elevated concentrations in other aquifers with similar biogeochemical conditions. 相似文献
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S. Babel M.Sc. Ph.D. E. M. Opiso 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(1):99-107
The possibility of using volcanic ash soils (VAS) or Andisols as a low-cost and natural adsorbent is investigated in this study for the removal of Cr (VI) from synthetic wastewater. Andisols can be used as adsorbent because they are characterized by the presence of non-crystalline secondary minerals such as allophane and imogolite that show variable charge characteristics and have the ability to retain cations and anions. The adsorption of Cr on to two VAS from Mt. Isarog and Mandalagan (B-Horizon), Philippines, was carried out at ambient temperature using batch adsorption studies. The effects of different parameters such as amount of adsorbent, contact time, initial Cr concentration and pH of the solution were investigated. The results showed that the VAS from Isarog is more effective in the removal of Cr than in Mandalagan. The maximum removal efficiency of the Isarog soil for a Cr concentration of 10mg/L reached 89% with a dose of 20 g/L at a moderately acidic pH of 3. The Mandalagan soil on the other hand could remove only 65% at the same pH conditions and parameters. The difference in the removal of the two soils may be attributed to their physico-chemical properties in which the Isarog soil has higher clay content, porosity and lower bulk density. Isarog soil has fine particles with higher surface area and more active non-crystalline minerals and thus has higher removal efficiency than Mandalagan soil. Based on the results, the use of VAS from Isarog appears to be economical and an alternative to commercially available adsorbents for the removal of Cr from contaminated wastewater. 相似文献
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A 2D horizontal reactive transport model of a chromate-contaminated site near Rivera, Switzerland, was developed using the computer code CrunchFlow to evaluate site remediation strategies. Transport processes were defined according to the results of an existing hydrological model, and the definition of geochemical (reactive) processes is based on the results of a detailed mineralogical and geochemical site characterization leading to a comprehensive conceptual site model. Kinetics of naturally occurring Cr(VI) reduction by Fe(II) and natural solid organic matter is quantified by fitting measured Cr isotope ratios to a modeled 1D section along the best constrained flow line. The simulation of Cr isotope fractionation was also incorporated into the 2D model. Simulation of the measured present day Cr(VI) plume and δ53Cr value distribution was used for the 2D model calibration and corresponds to a situation where only monitored natural attenuation (MNA) is occurring. Other 2D model runs simulate alternate excavation scenarios. The simulations show that with an excavation of the top 2–4 m the groundwater Cr(VI) plume can be minimized, and that a deeper excavation depth only diminishes the plume if all the contaminants can be removed. A combination of an excavation of the top 2–4 m and monitoring of the ongoing natural Cr(VI) reduction is suggested as the most ecological and economical remediation strategy, even though a remaining time period with ongoing subsoil Cr(VI) contamination in the order of 1 ka is predicted. 相似文献
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This paper present the possible alternative removal options for the development of safe drinking water supply in the chromium-affected
areas. The Cr (VI) state is of particular concern because of its toxicity. The mordenite has suitable mineralogical properties
that enable them to be used for ion-exchange processes. This includes total cation exchange capacity. However, in the present
work, the modified-natural zeolite was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. The ability
of modified natural zeolite (mordenite) to remove inorganic anion was investigated. Laboratory experiments were conducted
examining the effect of the sorption of cationic surfactants. On the basis of the results of this study, the HDTMA-HSO4 modified zeolite appears suitable as a sorbent for hexavalent chromium whereas EHDDMA-modified zeolite were not removed with
the same efficiency. The sorption of chromate on HDTMA-zeolite results from a combination of entropic, coulombic, hydrophobic
effects, and HDTMA counterion. 相似文献
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铬(Cr)属于氧化还原敏感元素,在岩浆过程中是一种中度相容和轻度亲铁元素。Cr在硅酸盐地球中主要有三种价态:Cr2+、Cr3+和Cr6+。Cr存在于不同来源的矿物和岩石中,其氧化还原状态和同位素组成可以为其成因、氧化还原条件和相关成矿历史提供有价值的信息。近年来,铬同位素越来越多地应用到现代环境、古环境、行星的演化以及高温地质过程等领域中,而高温地质过程中储库的铬同位素及其分馏机理研究是其他工作的基础。尤其是随着质谱技术的发展,Cr同位素在高温环境中的分馏机制及行为也引起了更多的关注。本文主要介绍不同储库的Cr同位素组成及高温岩浆过程中Cr同位素研究的最新进展。 相似文献