共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
肖港地区位于江汉平原东北部,属于大别山连片贫困区和贫水区,地下水资源较贫乏,且地下水水质不佳,水中铁锰离子含量普遍超过了国家饮用水标准。为查明高铁锰地下水成因及空间分布规律,服务区内地下水开发利用及安全供水问题,系统采集区内岩石、土壤和地下水样品,测试岩土与地下水中铁锰的含量,分析地下水中铁锰含量与含水层沉积物的铁锰含量、地下水的氧化还原条件和酸碱度之间的关系。结果表明:江汉平原东北部地区地下水中铁锰超标现象普遍存在,其中锰的超标率大于铁,第四系孔隙潜水超标最严重,铁锰最大浓度分别达到44.88 mg/L和19.21 mg/L。研究区岩土中铁锰氧化物为地下水中铁锰提供了物质来源,弱酸性、强还原环境为沉积物中铁锰的溶解释放提供了有利条件,总体上从研究区东西两侧（补给、径流区）向中部第四系孔隙潜水含水层（排泄区）,沿地下水流向Eh值、pH值逐渐减小,铁锰含量逐渐增大,形成北北东向带状分布的高铁锰地下水区。 相似文献
2.
准确计算地下水的垂向入渗补给量是合理评价和利用地下水资源的基础.EARTH模型是一种集中参数的水文模型,可刻画水流在包气带中的运移过程,弥补黑箱模型的不足.以中国科学院栾城农业生态试验站的地下水位观测资料以及气象资料为基础,综合运用降水、蒸发、土壤水、地下水动态观测资料,利用EARTH模型计算了河北平原地下水垂向入渗补给量.计算结果表明,2003年1月1日至2005年8月31日期间,栾城农业生态试验站在降水量1404.1 mm、灌溉量1050.0 mm的条件下地下水入渗补给量为487.2 mm,平均年入渗补给量为182.6 mm, 占降水和灌溉总量(2454.1 mm)的19.9%.在模拟结果的基础上,对不同年份的降水量(含灌溉)和入渗补给量分布的对比分析表明,河北栾城地下水补给滞后现象明显,在研究时间段内峰值滞后18～35 d. 相似文献
3.
Huang Xiangui Ping Jianhua Leng Wei Yu Yan Zhang Min Zhu Yaqiang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(6):2149-2170
Studies on groundwater recharge are essential for sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources, especially in areas of extensive groundwater exploitation such as the Anyanghe River alluvial fan (ARAF) in the North China Plain (NCP). However, the recharge sources and processes and the contribution of each recharge flow component remain unclear. This study used hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, and tritium to investigate sources and underlying processes of groundwater recharge, along with the steady flow Mixing Cell Model (MCMsf) to quantify the proportion of each source flow for the shallow confined groundwater system in the medial fan. The results showed that groundwater mainly originates from precipitation occurring on the eastern Taihang Mountain area with average elevation estimated at 700–1,000 m above sea level during the East Asia summer monsoon period since 1952. Recharge mechanisms are: (1) river water seepage for the unconfined aquifers of the proximal and medial fan; (2) lateral flow for the confined aquifers of the medial and distal fan; and (3) precipitation infiltration for the phreatic water system. The MCMsf simulation showed that the shallow confined groundwater system in the central zone of the medial fan mainly recharged by the lateral flow from the proximal fan, a constant and considerable recharge flow from the southwestern and southern hills, and river water seepage in the medial fan; the lateral recharge flow from the Zhanghe alluvial aquifer was insignificant by comparison. The results of this study can act as a valuable reference for sustainable groundwater management in the ARAF.
相似文献4.
淮北平原降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水文地质参数对地下水资源评价起着至关重要的作用。其中,降雨入渗补给系数是影响浅层地下水水量、水质的重要参数。它对研究区域水量转化和水量平衡也十分重要。但是由于受降雨量、土壤类型、植被、地下水埋深等诸多因素的影响,准确判断降雨入渗补给系数存在很大困难。如果没有考虑这些因素的影响,尤其是降雨量和地下水埋深的影响,所推求的降雨入渗补给系数就会存在较大误差。结合安徽省淮北平原区五道沟水文实验站观测的降雨量、地下水补给量、地下水水位资料,利用两种不同的方法推求了不同降雨量等级的次降雨入渗补给系数。根据统计学理论研究了不同降雨量条件下,次降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深变化的分布规律,建立了次降雨入渗补给系数与地下水埋深的回归模型,并进行了相应的检验。研究表明,在控制地下水埋深的条件下,次降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深的变化符合指数分布;在地下水位自由变动的条件下符合伽玛分布。 相似文献
5.
利用地下水水化学和同位素测试分析成果,结合区域地质、水文地质条件研究了平谷北山山区侧向补给情况和中桥水源地地区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶水关系。结果表明：研究区第四系松散孔隙水和基岩岩溶地下水均来源于大气降水,地下水化学类型均为HCO-3-Ca2+?Mg2+ 型;平谷北山山前基岩岩溶水侧向补给平原区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶地下水;通过D值估算得到中桥水源地第四系浅层地下水的山区岩溶水侧向补给和垂向降水入渗补给比例为57：43;中桥水源地基岩岩溶水接受山区岩溶水侧向补给和第四系孔隙水垂向越流补给比例为87：13。研究成果为平谷地区地下水资源量评价和地下水动力场数值模型的建设提供了关键参数,为区域地下水的合理开采和有序回补涵养提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
大气降雨是华北平原浅层地下水的主要补给来源。长期过量开采地下水造成地下水位持续下降,使原来处于饱水带的透镜体位移到包气带中,形成了厚度大、非均质性更为复杂的包气带。厚层包气带中弱渗透性黏土透镜体对于降雨入渗补给的影响是关系到降水入渗过程及补给量评价的基本问题。用HYDRUS软件建立数值模拟模型,模拟探讨单次降雨条件下,透镜体埋深、宽度比、厚度等要素对入渗路径、入渗补给时间和入渗补给量的影响。结果表明:入渗过程中弱渗透性黏土透镜体两侧会形成较快的绕流;透镜体会减小补给峰值并延长总体补给时间,但不改变补给起始时间;透镜体埋深与极限蒸发深度的相对关系决定了潜在补给量的大小,透镜体埋深或因透镜体形成的上层滞水处于极限蒸发深度以上会减少潜在补给量。 相似文献
7.
Climatic and sea level controls on Late Quaternary eolian activity on the Agulhas Plain, South Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Located at the interface between the temperate westerly and sub-tropical climate systems, South Africa's winter rainfall zone (WRZ) is a key location in understanding Late Quaternary atmospheric circulation dynamics. Inactive eolian deposits in the WRZ, comprising pan-fringing lunette and coastal dunes, were investigated to establish their depositional ages and utility as paleoenvironmental indicators. The resulting optical luminescence chronology reveals episodic lunette accretion at 60,000-45,000 yr, 12,000-13,000 yr, 2800-2600 yr, 1200 yr, and <1000 yr, with coastal dune ages clustering at 4100-4700 yr.Episodes of lunette and coastal dune accretion on the Agulhas Plain are temporally distinct, reflecting differing fundamental controls on their activity. Comparisons to previously published data also reveal that the lunettes differ in age from more ancient coastal eolianites. Lunette deposition is asynchronous between locations, reflecting the topographic and hydrological setting of the individual pans. In near-coastal settings, with limited surface recharge, lunette accretion appears to be at least partially controlled by sea level induced changes in groundwater levels. Those pans with more significant surface recharge (particularly from fluvial systems) may produce less ambiguous paleoenvironmental records, with pan status more strongly reflecting regional hydrological conditions. Lunette orientation is indicative of strong westerly winds during both the Pleistocene and Holocene. Lunette accretion would have been promoted by reduced on-shore moisture transport during the summer months, enhancing rainfall seasonality. Such conditions would have been promoted by increased continentality as the Agulhas Bank was exposed during low sea level stands. 相似文献
8.
基于清水河平原头营和黑城试验场降雨(灌溉)入渗过程土壤水分运移观测试验数据的分析研究,笔者应用能量观点描述了包气带水分运移的分带性、降雨(灌溉)入渗补给地下水的水分条件和地下水入渗补给过程的基本特征。应用蒸散量模型、土壤水分通量模型,计算了作物生长期的蒸发蒸腾量、土壤贮水量的变化量、400cm深度处的土壤水分渗漏量及渗漏系数。从多年的角度分析了深层土壤水分渗漏量、渗漏系数与地下水入渗补给量和补给系数的关系。它对分析降雨(灌溉)入渗对地下水的补给过程和定量分析地下水入渗补给量、入渗补给系数具有重要价值。 相似文献
9.
Application of HYDRUS-1D in understanding soil water movement at two typical sites in the North China Plain 
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下载免费PDF全文 Recharge and discharge, such as rainfall infiltration and evapotranspiration in vertical direction, are major processes of water cycle in the shallow groundwater area of the North China Plain. During these processes, soil water movement in the unsaturated zone plays an important role in the transformation from rainfall infiltration to groundwater. The soil water movement models were developed by using HYDRUS-1D software at two typical experimental sites in Cangzhou (CZ) and Hengshui (HS) with different soil, vegetation and similar climate conditions. As shown in the results, the comparison in precipitation infiltration features between the two sites is distinct. The soil water experiences strong evaporation after precipitation infiltration, which accounts for 63% of the total infiltration at the HS site where the soil is homogenous. It is this strong evaporation effect that leads to slight increase of soil water storage. At the CZ site, where the soil is heterogeneous, the evaporation effect exists from July to October of the simulation period. The total evaporation accounts for 33% of the total infiltration, and the evaporation rate is slow. At the end of the simulation period, the soil water storage increases and the water table decreases, indicating a strong storage capacity at this site. 相似文献
10.
城市化对地下水补给的影响已严重干扰了区域地下水均衡,引发了各种生态环境问题。在呼和浩特市自然地理及水文地质调查的基础上,运用GIS并结合地下水均衡计算的方法,探究城区扩张下以呼和浩特市为中心的研究区潜水补给量的变化。结果表明：从1986—2014年,研究区城镇面积扩大了约358倍。在城市化引起的地下水开采量增大、土地利用方式改变、景观河改造等因素影响下,研究区潜水疏干面积从119 1 km2扩大到10476 km2,年侧向补给量减少9 06115×104 m3;降水入渗补给量减少84385×104 m3;农灌水回渗补给量减少27944×104m3;河道渗漏补给量减少8638×104m3;城市供水管网漏失入渗量增加1 752×104m3。对比1986年和2014年,研究区潜水补给量从13 22501×104 m3减少至4 70703×104 m3,减少了644%,其中减少比例最大的是侧向补给量和降水入渗补给量。城市化使呼和浩特市潜水补给量大大缩减,迫切需要合理规划城市发展和地下水资源开采。 相似文献
11.
河南平原浅层地下水年龄 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用3H法和CFCs法对河南平原第四系浅层地下水年龄进行计算,为河南平原浅层地下水可更新能力评价和水循环的研究提供依据。结果表明：2种方法计算出的年龄拟合误差较小（2 a）,均可代表河南平原浅层地下水年龄。总体上,河南平原浅层地下水主要为近50 a以来补给的现代水。太行山、伏牛山、大别山山前地区以及开封西部的黄河两岸等地区浅层地下水年龄均小于30 a,并且顺着地下水流向年龄逐渐增大。从山前地区和黄河两岸至平原区,浅层地下水开采潜力逐渐减小。总体上:平原北部地下水系统地下水年龄较小,地下水循环交替较快;平原南部地下水系统次之;平原中部地下水系统地下水年龄最大,地下水循环交替最慢。 相似文献
12.
新疆乌鲁木齐河流域北部平原区水文地球化学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
乌鲁木齐河流域是西北干旱地区内流盆地的典型代表,也是水文地质研究的重点区域。本次研究利用以往工作的资料,并在流域下游北部平原区采集地下水和地表水样品21组,用无机离子作为示踪剂,结合环境同位素的分析,提出乌鲁木齐河流域平原区的地表水普遍溶解有蒸发盐,与晚全新世(近4000年)以来我国西北地区气候不断变得干旱有关;并将北部平原区的地下水划分为三层不同水体:现代水(埋深21~65 m)是乌鲁木齐河河水经蒸发后入渗补给的,而下面二层水为晚全新世初期(埋深179~259 m)和晚更新世末次冰期(埋深~353 m)补给的水都是原地的降水入渗。 相似文献
13.
14.
利用地下水数值模型MODFLOW和非饱和带水平衡模型对处于半干旱半湿润沙丘地区(Sand Hills)地下水位进行了模拟,并分析了含水层补排水量,河流与地下水补排关系,以及区域水平衡过程。揭示了独特沙丘地形和土壤特性对地下水补排量的影响。模拟结果表明,入渗率大、非饱和带厚的沙丘有利于降水入渗补给,减少了地下水蒸散发损失。加上下覆含水层具有良好的地下水储水空间,是该地区储存丰富的地下水量,以维持河流稳定流量,供给众多湖泊和湿地的原因。该研究对我国地下水资源评价和生态环境脆弱地区水资源保护具有指导意义。 相似文献
15.
第四系地下水是民乐山前地区居民清洁饮水的重要水源,而复杂的隐伏构造对区内地下水的运移和更新具有重要的控制作用。本文应用环境同位素技术,深入讨论了该区地下水的补给、更新能力以及隐伏构造对地下水更新的影响。结果表明:(1)民乐山前第四系地下水的补给来源包括出山河水渗漏和当地降水入渗,二者对地下水补给的贡献分别为89%和11%;(2)地下水更新能力由山前向下游变差,山前一带地下水更新周期在20～30年之间,下游的六坝北部一带地下水更新周期大于50年;(3)隐伏构造具有明显的阻水作用,导致地下水径流速度减缓。 相似文献
16.
Dewashish Kumar G. B. K. Shankar Setbandhu Mondal V. Venkatesam K. Sridhar P. N. Rao Pandith Madhnure R. Rangarajan 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(1):29-38
Two dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) investigation along with Time Domain Induced Polarization (TDIP) investigation covering 1.6 km line were carried out at 3 natural recharge sites in a overexploited groundwater granite watershed, situated in a semi arid region in the state of Telangana, India. At these sites, shallow and/ or deep moisture influx measurements were also carried out using injected tritium tracer and neutron moisture probe. The watershed is covered by sandy loam to silt loam soil, receives an average annual rainfall of 620 mm with the pre monsoon groundwater level ranging from 8m to 29m bgl. The spot investigations were done to assess and understand the recharge process and groundwater potential in terms of resistivity/conductivity and moisture characteristics of the subsurface rock formation. 相似文献
17.
Groundwater recharge is a complex process reflecting many interactions between climate, vegetation and soils. Climate change will impact upon groundwater recharge but it is not clear which climate variables have the greatest influence over recharge. This study used a sensitivity analysis of climate variables using a modified version of WAVES, a soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer model (unsaturated zone), to determine the importance of each climate variable in the change in groundwater recharge for three points in Australia. This study found that change in recharge is most sensitive to change in rainfall. Increases in temperature and changes in rainfall intensity also led to significant changes in recharge. Although not as significant as other climate variables, some changes in recharge were observed due to changes in solar radiation and carbon dioxide concentration. When these variables were altered simultaneously, changes in recharge appeared to be closely related to changes in rainfall; however, in nearly all cases, recharge was greater than would have been predicted if only rainfall had been considered. These findings have implications for how recharge is projected to change due to climate change. 相似文献
18.
内蒙古鄂尔多斯西北土壤水流动示踪实验及自流井群补给源讨论 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
降水模拟实验证明,鄂尔多斯北部沙土层单次降水入渗最大深度小于1 m,降水在土壤中受到蒸发后排泄到大气中。实验证实,只有当土壤含水率达到最大田间持水率,吸附在土颗粒表面的薄膜水才能克服电磁引力转化为重力水,在重力的作用下继续下渗。鄂尔多斯北部的年降水量小而蒸发量大,降水入渗土壤不能形成累积效应,无法形成连续下渗的重力水流。同位素示踪分析表明,土壤水主要来源于地下潜水,结合土壤含水率与TDS分析证实,地下水是通过薄膜水与蒸发-凝结方式补给到土壤水中,薄膜水从高温区向低温区流动,对于等温的薄膜水而言,薄膜水从厚层向薄层流动。同位素分析表明,都思兔河流域的河水、泉水、井水、湖泊、土壤水接受相同的外源水补给。鄂尔多斯盆地降水比地表水与地下水明显富集重同位素,不符合补给区降水同位素特征。鄂尔多斯盆地地下水分水岭与基底断裂带重合,据此推断,外源水以深循环方式通过基底断裂带补给鄂尔多斯盆地,在干旱地区形成自流井群。 相似文献
19.
Usama Abu Risha Sayed Mosaad El Sayed El Abd Abdel Mohsen Hasanein 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(21):461
The groundwater extracted from the unconfined Quaternary aquifer is the main source of water supply in El-Tur area. The area is bounded from the east by the elevated basement complex of Southern Sinai and from the west by El-Qabaliyat Ridge. The wadis dissecting these highlands form effective watersheds of the Quaternary aquifer. These wadis form areas of focused recharge. Recharge also occurs directly via the Quaternary sediments covering El-Qaa Plain. Subsurface lateral groundwater flow from the fractured basement contributes significant recharge to the aquifer as well. The aquifer sediment facies affect the type and quality of groundwater. In the eastern part where the aquifer is composed mainly of gravel and coarse sand with fragments of weathered basement, the Na-Cl-SO4 water dominates. In the west where the facies change is rapid and complex, many water types arise. The base exchange index (BEX) is positive in this part reflecting the role of clay minerals in changing the water types via cation exchange. In the east where clays are insignificant in the aquifer, the BEX is negative. In the western part next to El-Qabaliyat Ridge, the wells discharging from the calcareous sand zone have low groundwater salinities compared to the wells discharging from the alluvium. In general, the groundwater salinity increases in the direction of groundwater flow from the northeast to the southwest which reflects the dissolution of aquifer sediments. The concentration relationships between the major ions on one hand and chloride on the other reflect the dissolution of calcium carbonates, precipitation of K- and Mg-bearing minerals, and cation exchange of Ca for Na on clay minerals. The hydrochemical models support these reactions. In addition, they show that the effect of evaporation on the recharge water in the western catchment is about four times its effect on the eastern recharge water which reflects the rapid recharge through the wadis draining the fractured basement. Moreover, the contribution from the eastern catchment in sample No. 23 is more than four-folds the contribution from the western recharge area. The stable isotopes (2H and 18O) show that the Quaternary aquifer is recharging from recent rainfall. However, upward leakage of Paleogene groundwater (depleted in 18O) also occurs. The groundwater level map shows strong overpumping impact especially in the areas close to El-Tur city. 相似文献
20.
Geologic framework and isotope tracing of the arsenious Quaternary Aquifer of the southwestern North Bengal Plain,West Bengal,India 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The aim of the paper is to understand the geological control of groundwater, the recharge sources, the relative age of groundwater
and the interaction between surface water and groundwater of the southwestern part of North Bengal Plain in the alluvium filled
gap between the Rajmahal hills on the west and the Garo hills on the east. The area is covered by Quaternary alluvia of two
different ages, viz. the Older Alluvium and the Newer Alluvium. The Older Alluvium of Pleistocene age is made up of argillaceous
bed reddish brown in color and interspread with ‘kankar’ and laterite debris and the Newer Alluvium is dark, loosely compacted
and has a high moisture content. A hydrostarigraphic model of the top 120 m geological column has been built by direct field
observation, constructing Fence diagram, lithofacies and isotope analyses. The model indicates an oscillating environment
of deposition of sediments from bottom to top with oxidizing at the bottom followed by reducing and then oxidizing environment
at the top. The hydrogeochemistry of groundwater also suggests a predominantly reducing condition of the aquifer with high
HCO3
−, low SO4
2− and NO3
− concentrations. The shallow groundwater at places contains heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, manganese, iron, chromium
and arsenic. The δ18O and tritium values of groundwater are within the range of monsoon precipitation composition which indicates that groundwater
is probably recharged primarily from precipitation. The plots of δ18O and δD show slight deviation from the Local Mean Water Lines suggesting that some evaporation of rainfall occurs prior to
or during infiltration. Therefore groundwater occurs under unconfined condition. Lithofacies analysis indicates that the sediments
below the depth of 40 m are the potential water bearing formation. Depletion or enrichment of δ18O and δD with depth was not observed and tritium content is also similar at various depths indicating possibility of mixing
of groundwater from various depths due to pumping which may lead to contamination of the deeper aquifer by heavy metals and
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