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1.
本文研究桂中坳陷西北部中泥盆统页岩氧化还原条件和古沉积环境。利用该区典型页岩气调查井(桂页1井)岩心,通过X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析(ICPMS),对中泥盆统岩心(320.35m~938.5m)以1.5m采样间隔进行了微量元素测试。结果显示,纳标组地层V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr和Ni/Co平均值分别大于0.67、4.65和7.71,且富集竹节石、菊石等生物组合,指示其沉积时期海平面相对上升,处于有利于有机质保存的深水陆棚环境;罗富组和塘丁组V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr和Ni/Co分别为0.38~0.65、0.73~4.10和3.70~6.72,指示沉积阶段海平面相对下降,水体变浅,沉积环境为弱氧化的浅水陆棚环境;同时,有机碳含量(TOC)的变化与Ba元素的富集程度相关性较高,表明缺氧环境有利于机质的富集和保存;此外,通过微量元素指标判别,认为桂中坳陷西北部中泥盆统沉积时期,自下而上经历了海平面的相对上升到相对下降的沉积旋回,纳标组时期相对海平面上升至最高,沉积了厚度稳定且有机质含量高的富有机质页岩,可作为本区有利的勘探目标层段。 相似文献
2.
滇黔桂盆地泥盆系页岩气成藏条件及资源潜力分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过野外露头观察、剖面测量和样品测试,分析了滇黔桂盆地泥盆系页岩气成藏条件。研究结果表明：滇黔桂盆地中、下泥盆统发育两套台盆相暗色泥页岩沉积,泥页岩单层厚度为10~55 m,累计厚度普遍在100~450 m之间;泥页岩TOC一般为1.0%~2.5%,有机质类型为Ⅰ型-Ⅱ1型,处于高-过成熟热演化阶段;储层物性接近于四川盆地威201井寒武系九老洞组页岩,发育多种储集空间类型,脆性矿物含量平均值为46%,具备储集条件;黔南坳陷西南部和桂中坳陷中西部地区地层相对平缓,断裂密度和剥蚀厚度小,且断裂性质以逆冲、压扭为主,页岩气保存条件相对较好。综合考虑暗色泥页岩厚度、埋藏深度、有机碳含量、热演化程度和保存条件等因素,预测滇黔桂盆地泥盆系页岩气有利层段为塘丁组和罗富组,有利区主要分布于天峨-南丹-河池一带以及桂中坳陷中部的鹿寨-来宾-合山-大化地区。利用地质资源丰度类比法计算出该区页岩气地质资源量为0.66×1012~1.09×1012 m3。 相似文献
3.
川西泥盆系观雾山组沉积相研究缺乏横向对比,沉积模式还存在争议。根据川西北部白家乡大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面实测成果,对中泥盆统观雾山组沉积相进行了分析,认为:大木垭剖面与何家梁剖面观雾山组为碳酸盐镶边台地沉积,期间发生短暂的碳酸盐缓坡化;桂溪剖面观雾山组同属碳酸盐台地边缘,观雾山组中段发育开阔台地深水沉积,并不是前人认为的潟湖沉积。研究区碳酸盐镶边台地包括台地边缘和前缘斜坡两种亚相,前缘斜坡亚相发育于何家梁剖面,以塌积岩沉积为标志。碳酸盐缓坡包括深水缓坡和浅水缓坡两种亚相。随着海平面变化,观雾山组碳酸盐岩发育三个沉积旋回,第一、第三沉积旋回为镶边台地沉积,第二沉积旋回为碳酸盐缓坡沉积。观雾山组沉积微相对储层的分布起控制作用:生物碎屑滩和上斜坡微相为有利储层发育相带;生物礁中在油气运移之前形成的溶蚀孔洞已被白云石和方解石充填,滩间微相泥质(泥晶)白云岩不利于溶蚀孔洞形成,这二者均不是有利储层发育相带。 相似文献
4.
Jurassic Black Shales Facies from Qiangtang Basin (Northern Tibet):Rare Earth and Trace Elements for Paleoceanographic Implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CHEN Lan YI Haisheng TSAI Louis Loung-Yie XU Guiwen DA Xuejuan LIN Andrew Tien-Shun 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(2):540-554
The Biluo Co and Amdo 114 station, northern Tibet, cropping out the Early Toarcian and Middle-Late Tithonian (Jurassic) organic-rich black shales, have been a focus to petroleum geologists in discussing their oil-producing potential. This paper first reports the trace elements and rare earth elements to discuss the paleoenvironments, redox conditions and sedimentary mechanisms of those black shales. Both sections exhibit variation in trace element abundances with concentrations <0.1 ppm to 760 ppm, mostly enriched in V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ba and U. Element ratios of Ni/Co, V/Cr, U/Th and V/(V+Ni) plus U were used to identify redox conditions. The shale-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns are characterized by the flat-shale type with instable Ce anomalies and very weekly positive Eu anomalies. Positive Ceanom values are significant with values varying between –0.064 and 0.029 in Biluo Co, which may be interpreted as release of REE and input of riverine terrestrial matter with rich Ce (resulting in pH change) during the anoxic conditions. In the middle parts of Amdo 114 station, distinct negative Ceanom values are observed (?0.238 to ?0.111) and associated surface water warming were interpreted as being related to a major sea level rise. In contrast, the formation of the black shales in the lower and upper part of the studied succession took place during a cooler (Ceanom values >–0.10), lower surface water productivity, and lower sea-level stage. Thus, we emphasize the role of different factors that control the formation of local and regional black shales. The most important factors are sea-level fluctuations and increasing productivity. 相似文献
5.
The study provides the first data on organic matter from Upper Devonian deposits of the Shar’yu River section (Chernyshev Ridge, Northern Urals). Oil shales from the Middle and Middle–Upper Domanik intervals and carbonaceous shales from the Upper Frasnian intervals were analyzed. The biomarker analysis revealed similar characteristics of organic matter from studied samples and Domanik-facies rocks of the Ukhta area. It was also shown that organic matter from the studied Domanik section is characterized by compositional heterogeneity. The biomarker and stable carbon isotope compositions of bitumen extracts, their fractions, and kerogen of the Middle and Middle–Upper Domanik shales are different from those of the Upper Frasnian shale, which may indicate the variation in depositional setting. 相似文献
6.
白果园黑色岩系型银（钒）矿床沉积古环境与银（钒）初始富集 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
白果园银（钒）矿产于震旦系陡山沱组黑色色岩系中。矿床的地球化学和有机地球化学研究表明，黑色页岩含丰富以低等海生生物为主的腐泥型有机质，黑色页岩形成于局限的滞留海盆。 相似文献
7.
Zhaochong Zhang Gang Zhou Timothy M. Kusky Shenghao Yan Bailin Chen Li Zhao 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(2):201
The Eastern Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt includes a Late Paleozoic assemblage of volcanic rocks of mixed oceanic and arc affinity, located in a structurally complex belt between the Siberian plate, the Kazakhstan block, and the Tianshan Range. The early history of these rocks is not well constrained, but the Junggar terrane was part of a Cordilleran-style accreted arc assemblage by the Late Carboniferous. Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the northern part of the east Junggar terrane are divided, from base to top, into the Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Formation (Fm.), Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm., Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm., Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Fm. and Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. We present major element, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of 64 (ultra)mafic to intermediate volcanic rock samples of these formations. All Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies on the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams, and are enriched in more highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones. Furthermore, they have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, and their Zr/Nb and Sm/Nd ratios resemble those of MORBs, characteristics of arc-related volcanic rocks. The Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Fm., Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., and Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. are characterized by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities. In contrast, the Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. contains a large amount of tuff and sandstone, and its volcanic rocks have dominantly calc-alkaline affinities. We therefore propose that the Jiangzierkuduke Fm. formed in a mature island arc setting, and other Devonian Fms. formed in an immature island arc setting. The basalts from the Nanmingshui Fm. have geochemical signatures between N-MORB and island arcs, indicating that they formed in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the Batamayineishan Fm. display geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting after collision. Thus, we propose a model that involves a volcanic arc formed by northward subduction of the ancient Junggar ocean and amalgamation of different terranes during the Late Paleozoic to interpret the formation of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Junggar terrane, and the Altai and Junggar terranes fully amalgamated into a Cordilleran-type orogen during the end of Early Carboniferous to the Middle–Late Carboniferous. 相似文献
8.
9.
四川龙门山地区是中国泥盆系出露较好、研究程度较高的地区。中泥盆统金宝石组发育由碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、混积岩组成的混积沉积。本研究以平武县平驿铺剖面和北川县甘溪剖面为切入点,基于实测资料和薄片观察对金宝石组沉积相开展详细研究,认为龙门山地区中泥盆统金宝石组发育河流、碎屑滨岸、陆棚和碳酸盐岩缓坡4种沉积相,沉积演化经历了2个沉积旋回。金宝石组以相混合和原地混合2种方式形成混合沉积。相对海平面的变化、陆源碎屑的供应、碳酸盐生产速率和古气候是引起相混合的主要控制因素,波浪和风暴浪则是引起陆源碎屑和碳酸盐组分混合沉积的主要作用方式。对金宝石组沉积序列、沉积特征及沉积演化过程的研究,有利于增进对龙门山地区泥盆系沉积古环境的认识。 相似文献
10.
台盆相间是桂东北泥盆纪和石炭纪沉积的重要特色,而D/C界线又是台盆相间沉积最突出的一个时段之一。文章回顾并评述了桂东北D/C界线的研究历程、相序划分、主要代表剖面,认为桂东北D/C界线可划分为碎屑岩相序和碳酸盐岩相序以及它们的过渡类型。通过对20条典型剖面的岩性组合特征对比,恢复了桂东北D/C界线海平面相对下降期的岩相古地理,结果显示桂东北在该时期主要存在柳州、桂林两大台地以及多个小型台地,台地间普遍发育快速相变的台沟、盆地沉积,石炭纪初期海水变浅,台地分布范围显著扩大,江南古陆供给增强,台盆相间格局迅速发展。为了进一步探讨桂东北D/C界线的演化过程和背后的控制因素,文章分析了广西整体的台盆相间演化的阶段性、同沉积构造作用以及海平面变化的影响,梳理了台盆相间演化过程中沉积环境分异与构造运动- 海平面的关系,认为在滇黔桂裂谷盆地在持续断陷发展的前提下,桂东北D/C界线沉积分异的主要原因可能是受冈瓦纳大陆冰川形成与消融导致的海平面异常波动,以及柳江运动引发的局部同沉积断陷强度差异变动影响,且构造和沉积要素在D/C界线的耦合作用达到最强,最终促进桂东北台盆相间格局在D/C界线达到鼎盛。在此模式下,可以将台盆相间的演化划分为4个阶段,早泥盆世中期—晚期为台盆相间格局的孕育期,早泥盆世晚期—中泥盆世晚期沉积开始分异,为台盆相间格局的发展期,晩泥盆世—早石炭世台- 盆出现强烈分割,海平面异常下降和柳江运动同时作用于沉积,为台盆相间格局的鼎盛期,早石炭世之后,台盆相间沉积维持了一定时期的强度,晚石炭世开始海水逐步恢复正常后台盆相间逐渐减弱,为台盆相间格局的衰退期。 相似文献
11.
桂中坳陷泥盆系生物礁分布预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桂中坳陷泥盆系盆地经历了五大演化阶段,包括早泥盆世的初始裂陷和初始扩展,中泥盆世的抬升和裂解,以及晚泥盆世的扩展—萎缩。从早泥盆世埃姆斯期至晚泥盆世早期均有生物礁发育,但以中泥盆世的裂解阶段最为繁盛。泥盆系剩余重力异常总体特征表现为两高两低特点,其中心分别位于宜州、合山和马山、柳江附近。由重力资料划分出研究区的台地、台沟分布,再由地震异常圈定了中泥盆统分层系生物礁分布。在泥盆系应堂组—东岗岭组四个层段共圈出异常体17个,位于忻城县和大塘镇之间的异常体规模最大,面积达307km2。该带距离古断裂较远,油气保存的可能性较大,是未来桂中油气勘探的首选区带之一。 相似文献
12.
The Namurian black shales studied have a good palaeontological control. Pyrite, illite and organic matter are higher in the marine shales, and siderite and kaolinite are higher in the non-marine shales. The distribution of the diagenetic iron minerals is attributed to anionic activities controlled by salinity. The same control could account for the observed clay-mineral distribution by differential flocculation. The major element geochemistry closely reflects the above mineral variation. Mn and Zr are higher in the non-marine shales due to siderite and zircon respectively. Co, Cr, Rb, Y and Ba are not significantly different and a detrital source, mainly clay minerals, is suggested. In the marine shales the elements Pb, Cu, V, Ni, Sr and Zn are significantly higher. Using a discriminant function analysis the palaeosalinity groups are separated and the contribution of each element to the separation is calculated. The present element locations are thought, from correlation analysis, to be pyrite and organic matter. By analogy with experimental work and modern environments, the element enrichment is mainly attributed to reactions involving organic matter and oxyhydroxide material in environments in which salinity and slow rates of sedimentation were important factors. The element enrichment cannot be related directly to seawater concentrations, unlike some black shales, and the accumulation rates for Pb and Cu are thought to be unusually high. 相似文献
13.
阿尔泰山南缘晚古生代火山岩十分发育,从早泥盆世到早二叠世均有发育。其中中泥盆世北塔山组为一套中基性火山岩,并且底部含有厚度超过100m的苦橄岩;中泥盆世蕴都喀拉组为一套浅海相细碎屑沉积岩夹中性、中基性火山岩;晚泥盆世江孜尔库都克组为火山碎屑岩夹中基性和中酸性火山岩组合;而晚石炭世巴塔玛依内山组以玄武岩和玄武安山岩为主,夹凝灰岩、粉砂岩和炭质页岩。对这4个组火山岩的主要元素、微量元素地球化学特征研究表明,北塔山组和蕴都喀拉组为拉斑和钙碱性系列,并且均具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,而高场强元素与MORB相当,说明其为岛弧环境。江孜尔库都克组火山岩为钾玄岩系列,并且具有较高的LILE富集,表明其形成于岛弧演化的晚期阶段;巴塔玛依内山组火山岩为碱性系列,并且具有强烈富集LILE的特征,指示了其形成于大陆板内环境。因此,从火山岩的时间和空间演化来看,本区晚古生代火山岩与准噶尔洋板块向北的俯冲有关,西伯利亚板块和准噶尔板块的碰撞发生在早石炭-晚石炭世。 相似文献
14.
Reinaldo S��ez Carmen Moreno Felipe Gonz��lez Gabriel R. Almod��var 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(5-6):585-614
Black shales and massive sulfides represent reduced lithofacies that require isolation from oxic environments to be preserved. This, together with the sedimentary affinity of both lithofacies, can explain their common concurrence in the geologic record. The present study is based on the comparison of Rammelsberg in Germany, Tharsis in Spain, and Draa Sfar in Morocco, three massive sulfide deposits closely associated with black shales that are distributed along the European and North African Variscan orogen. The study entails geochemical, biostratigraphic, and stratigraphic analyses of the black shale sequences hosting the three deposits and mineralogical and textural analyses of the sulfides. All three deposits were formed in immature, tectonically unstable basins within an active continental margin or continental magmatic arc. Their stratigraphic records consist of a sequence of black shales enclosing massive sulfides and variable proportions of bimodal volcanic and subvolcanic rocks. The major differences among the three deposits concern the size, composition, and mineralogy. Regarding age, they are diachronous and younger southward: Rammelsberg is middle Eifelian, Tharsis latest Famennian, and Draa Sfar late Viséan. The study of redox conditions of the paleoenvironment using organic and inorganic proxies highlights similarities and significant differences among the three ore-hosting basins during massive sulfide and black shale deposition. The black shales generally display low Corg and high Stot contents. At Rammelsberg, the Stot/Ctot ratios provide values typical for normal Middle Devonian marine environments, which suggests that the original reactive organic C is now fixed in carbonates. At Tharsis, most of the samples have Corg >1 and Stot/Corg values equivalent to those of Devonian?CCarboniferous normal marine sediments. However, some pyritic hanging-wall samples have Corg <1 and Stot up to 5?wt.%, suggesting the epigenetic addition of HS?. The Stot/Corg ratio for the Draa Sfar samples resembles that of Middle Carboniferous normal marine environments. Geochemical inorganic proxies used to define the environmental conditions include the enrichment factors of U (UEF) and Mo (MoEF) together with V/Cr and V/(V?+?Ni) ratios. Footwall shales at Filón Norte (Tharsis) show positive and eventually elevated UEF and MoEF values, which suggests anoxic conditions, whereas at Rammelsberg and Draa Sfar oxic bottom water is indicated. The relations V/Cr and V/(V + Ni) in all three cases point to a redox boundary near the sediment?Cwater interface, although at Tharsis some samples indicate anoxic/euxinic conditions (i.e., V/(V + Ni) >0.9). Regarding the environmental conditions of the source areas, feldspar illitization and selective depletion in Na and Ca occurred at the three studies sites. Available sulfur isotopic data from the Rammelsberg and Tharsis sulfide ore indicate that biogenic reduction of marine sulfate was a major sulfur source during massive sulfide generation. Nevertheless, a hydrothermal sulfur source has also been detected. At Rammelsberg, this is indicated from the polymetallic sulfides that replace sedimentary and diagenetic pyrite. At Tharsis, the bacteriogenic sulfur signature is also restricted to sulfide with less evolved textures, whereas a hydrothermal source is more evident in sulfides showing evidence of recrystallization. Both geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the bacteriogenic reduction process was inhibited by rapid burial. The sedimentation rates calculated for Rammelsberg, Tharsis, and Draa Sfar were in the range 7?C13, 8?C14, and 19?C27?cm/ka, respectively. Continuous sedimentation of black shale favored the isolation of the massive sulfides and organic material from bottom waters and hence favored their preservation. Accordingly, the relationships between black shales and massive sulfides are considered to be casual. Nevertheless, the tectono-sedimentary evolution of each basin controlled the deposition of both black shales and massive sulfides and the parameters that favored their coeval deposition. 相似文献
15.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(1):162-177
The non-marine Qaidam Basin is a petroliferous basin in northwest China. The Tuanyushan area is located in the Saishiteng Depression in the northern Qaidam Basin. Coal and oil shales are widely developed in the Middle Jurassic Dameigou and Shimengou formations in this area where the sedimentary sequence and controls on coal accumulation have already been well documented. However, the geochemical characteristics of lacustrine fine-grained sediments, including lacustrine oil shales, in the shale member of the Shimengou Formation and the main controlling factors of the formation of the oil shales are ambiguous. This paper aims to reconstruct the lake evolution history during the Middle Jurassic period and reveal its influence on the formation of the oil shales in this area. Oil shales and fine-grained sediments were systematically sampled to determine their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics (major, trace and rare earth elements; stable carbon and oxygen isotopes). Based on lithological variations and total organic carbon (TOC) contents, a complete third-order sequence is identified and can be further divided into four system tracts (lowstand system tract, LST; transgressive system tract, TST; highstand system tract, HST and regressive system tract, RST) that correspond to four lake evolution stages (A–D). Changes in the lake level show an initial shallow lake, followed by a continuous upward deepening trend, followed by a shallowing trend. Shallow lake facies developed in the LST, TST and RST, whereas semi-deep to deep lake facies developed in the HST. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes indicate that the Shimengou Lake was semi-closed to closed in the Middle Jurassic. Therefore, the water properties responded strongly to climate changes. According to elemental and mineralogical analyses, a moist climate prevailed, except during the early stages of the TST (stage B1) and HST (stage C1) when there was a semiarid climate. The semiarid climate influenced the water properties and detrital input and was the major controlling factor for the formation of the higher quality oil shales within a saline water environment. In comparison, under the moist climatic condition in the HST, the stable semi-deep to deep-water environment was the major controlling factor for the formation of lower quality oil shales within a fresh water environment. 相似文献
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为评价下扬子地区二叠系海相页岩层段页岩气勘探潜力,以皖南宣泾地区3口钻井岩心为例,通过岩心照片、薄片、X射线衍射、总有机碳等测试来分析页岩特征及其沉积环境.结果显示宣泾地区孤峰组中上部为富有机质层段,银屏组为贫有机质层段;宣泾东南地区大隆组中下部为高-富有机质层段,西北地区中上部为富有机质层段.孤峰组早期随着构造沉降和海水加深,宣泾地区形成了高生物生产力和缺氧环境,沉积了较厚硅质岩层;中晚期海平面缓慢下降,生物生存空间减少,高有机质沉降使水体硫化,TS含量增大,TOC含量达10%.银屏组沉积期海平面快速下降,变为浅海氧化环境,TOC含量小于1%.大隆组早期东南浅水斜坡位置受上升流影响,形成高生物生产力和缺氧环境,沉积了硅质岩层,TOC含量大于4%;中晚期海平面下降,TOC含量从东南浅水向西北深水变高. 相似文献
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贵州独山中深盆统不整合的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黔南中泥盆统独山组鸡窝寨段底部存在的古风化壳层和其之上的底砾岩,为一次地亮相对上升、海平面下降的上升运动（独山抬升）,表明独山组内存在着沉积间断。建议将此古风化壳之上的原＂独山组鸡窝寨段＂修订为＂鸡窝寨组＂,代表中泥盆世晚期较独山组更大海侵的以碳酸盐岩为主的沉积。 相似文献
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Carbonate organogenic buildups (reefs) are lithofacies barriers of marine basins separating sedimentation facies zones. Together with seafloor depressions, they make up two-facies systems that are favorable for the formation of stratiform lead, zinc, and copper deposits. Organogenic reefs are formed at the boundary between the littoral zone and the remaining shelf area, as well as on terraces separating the shelf and continental slope zones. The reefs control the stratiform copper mineralization in the first case and the MV-type lead–zinc mineralization in the second case. This work describes the following reef systems of northeastern Asia incorporating base metal deposits: Chencha (Late Riphean) system of the Zhuya–Patom Trough, West Yakutian (Early–Middle Cambrian), Tankhai–Ust'mil (Middle Cambrian), and Lena (Late Cambrian) systems of the Siberian Platform, and Urul'tun (Early Devonian) and Kamenka (Middle Devonian) systems of the Omulev and Kolyma blocks. The two-facies genetic model of the MV-type lead–zinc and stratiform copper deposits is substantiated. 相似文献