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可作为有机相指标的镜质体反射率 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近期许多学者报道了镜质体反射率发生异常变化的现象.本文在笔者研究的基础上,综合国内外最新研究成果,提出了镜质体反射率的原生和次生变化的概念,详细论述了影响镜质体反射率的因素,重点讨论了镜质体反射率与有机质的类型丰度的关系,在此基础上提出镜质体反射率可作为确定有机相的指标. 相似文献
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动物碎屑反射率作为源岩成熟度指标的有效性和局限性探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了笔石,几丁虫,虫牙等动物碎屑的时空分布、光性特征及影响动物碎屑反射率的因素。由于下古生界源岩中缺乏能表征成熟度指标的镜质体,使得动物碎屑反射率无法与目前国际上公认的成熟度指标－－镜质体反射率直接进行对比,而得利用ＣＡＩ、红外参数及沥青反射率等中间媒介质间接地与镜质体反射率进行对比,由此建立起的动物碎屑反射率与镜质体反射率的对应关系的准确程度就受到一定影响。同时由于动物碎屑分布层位有限及本身光 相似文献
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通过分析显微图像的光学性质和测定煤的反射率等方法,研究了新疆中生代煤中半镜质组特征。结果表明:新疆中生代煤中含有一定量的半镜质组;均质半镜质体占总体(均质镜质体与均质半镜质体之和)的49%~64%,均质半镜质体的最大反射率(Rmax)比均质镜质体的高0.08%~0.13%;均质半镜质体的Rmax介于均质镜质体和结构镜质体之间,结构半镜质体的Rmax比结构镜质体的高0.28%~0.34%。由此可以得出:在三大组分划分方案中,应将均质半镜质体归入镜质组的均质体中,同时认为,按显微组分三大组分划分方案中,将结构半镜质体归入惰质组的半丝质体中更合理;在测定煤的反射率时,不能将均质半镜质体作为反射率的测定对象。本项研究结果对于指导本地区煤炭的炼焦配煤、煤炭液化和深加工利用等具有重要意义。 相似文献
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高温超高压模拟实验研究Ⅰ.温压条件对有机质成熟作用的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对不成熟泥炭样品进行了高压（0.1～2GPa）、高温（200℃～400℃）模拟实验,并对实验后样品的成熟度指标--镜质体反射率（Ro）进行了测定。结果显示,同一压力条件下,温度与镜质体反射率呈正相关;相同温度条件下,样品Ro值与压力呈负相关,说明压力同温度一样,是影响有机质成熟作用的一个重要因素,其存在会抑制有机质向高成熟演化。压力的这种作用有其内在的化学动力学机理。实验结果及实际地质现象都说明,压力作用在有机质演化过程中不可忽视。用模拟实验手段探讨压力的作用和影响,具有重要的理论及实际意义。 相似文献
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针对部分应用单位在煤镜质体反射率测定中存在的对测定条件把握不准、对影响测定值准确性的因素理解不深等问题,提出了煤镜质体反射率测定必须遵守的仪器状态一致性与组分定位一致性原则,据此确立了仪器校正、样品测定和结果检验的方法与要求;分析了仪器线性度、稳定性、工作曲线、单色光、温度校正、视频窗口、油浸物镜与浸油、准焦程度和测定样品磨抛质量等对测定值准确性的影响与测定误差控制措施。在此基础上,提出了测定值精密度分级的改进建议,以及用煤镜质体反射率测定结果指导企业生产可简化的仪器条件与测定过程,即:使用50倍干物镜;勿需546 nm滤光片;用有固定反射率值的镀膜玻璃替代宝石标准片;建立工作曲线数据库等。 相似文献
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激光拉曼光谱法分析多种显微组分荧光变化及其应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用激发488 nm激光的氩离子激光器作为RENISHAW inVia型激光拉曼光谱仪的光源,建立了多种显微组分荧光变化(FAMM)分析方法,并对镜质体反射率明显抑制的东营凹陷有效烃源岩进行了测定。结果表明,东营凹陷有效烃源岩的有机质类型越好,镜质体反射率抑制程度越高,有效烃源岩的真实成熟度应主要处于0.64%~1.30%,而不是实测镜质体反射率所反映的0.37%~1.10%。 相似文献
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应用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察和分析了准噶尔盆地侏罗系原油，在国内首次发现这些原油中存在镜质体碎屑。这些镜质体碎屑均具有明显的棱角，其反射率值和侏罗纪煤的反射率值相近，且产出镜质体碎屑的原油均普遍检出了具有高等植物为母质输入的生物标志化合物。因此原油中镜质体碎届的检出为确认准噶尔盆地煤成油的存在提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
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镜质体反射率的演化并不是人们传统意义上认为的随着温度（深度）的增加成指数增加,而是分阶段演化的。通过对有机质热模拟实验数据和自然演化数据进行分析后发现镜质体反射率的演化可以分为明显的3段：1）缓慢变化阶段,随着温度的增加镜质体反射率缓慢地变化,2）中等快速阶段,随着温度的增加镜质体反射率相比较前一阶段增加速率有明显的加大,3）快速增加阶段,随着温度的增加镜质体反射率呈指数快速增加。这种分阶段的演化是由镜质体本身的化学组成和化学结构所决定的。镜质体反射率演化阶段的划分对于热历史的恢复以及认识镜质体的热演化机制和规律具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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为明确适用于南方下古生界海相页岩成熟度评价的沥青反射率与镜质体反射率等效换算关系,利用初始成熟度接近的洪水庄组海相页岩及龙潭组煤样在350~525℃温度范围开展了系列共置热压模拟实验,通过测定各温度下页岩中的沥青与煤中的镜质体反射率的演化规律,建立了两者之间的等效换算关系,并利用模拟样品和实际剖面样品开展了方法验证.结果表明两者满足以下关系:VRo（等效镜质体反射率）=0.879 8Rb（沥青反射率）+0.114 5（适用范围:VRo 0.61%~3.04%）,本次建立的沥青反射率回归公式可以为准确评价缺乏镜质体的高演化海相页岩地层的成熟度判定提供重要参考. 相似文献
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W. Kalkreuth N. Sherwood G. Cioccari Z. Corrêa da Silva M. Silva N. Zhong L. Zufa 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2004,57(3-4):167-185
Combining vitrinite reflectance (VR) and fluorescence alteration of multiple macerals (FAMM) analyses provide insights into the chemical nature of vitrinites (i.e., perhydrous vs. orthohydrous vs. subhydrous compositions) in Permian Gondwana coals of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. The FAMM-derived equivalent VR (EqVR) values and relationships with VR can be determined according to calibration curves based largely on Permian Gondwana coals of eastern Australia.The analytical results indicate that vitrinites in the Paraná Basin coals studied generally range from orthohydrous to perhydrous, with interpreted VR suppression ranging up to 0.2% absolute for the most perhydrous case. The EqVR values of the Santa Catarina coals, which range from about 0.85% to 0.95% differ from VR values by about 0.10–0.15% absolute, potentially having significant implications on coal utilization.The causes of vitrinite reflectance suppression in the Paraná Basin coals are as yet poorly understood, but are likely to be related to a combination of factors. 相似文献
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Importance of the study of the influence of coal oxidability on vitrinite reflectance (VR) as a criterion of the quality of coals and indicator of paleogeothermal regime is shown. Overview of relevant concepts demonstrates that this issue remains debatable. Carboniferous coals of the Dobrudja foredeep, which belong to the class of helitolites in terms of their microcomponent composition, were studied. They were subjected to oxidation during storage outdoors. Consequently, the VR value of high volatile bituminous (long-flame and gas ranks, according to the Russian classification) coals decreased, but this parameter remained virtually unaltered for medium volatile bituminous (fat) coals. Bulgarian researchers obtained similar results for Carboniferous coals of the Dobrudja basin represented by helitolites and mixtohumolites. In our opinion, the VR decrease in the course of coal oxidation is caused by decrease in the condensation and density of aromatic structures and increase in the share of nonaromatic carbon atoms. 相似文献
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Review of River Bank Erosion Research 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Riverbank erosion is a critical style of lateral channel change. It threatens the arable land, ecological environment, as well as the people’s lives and properties along the river. Through review on the research process of riverbank erosion globally, four aspects were classified and described: ①Riverbank erosion processes and mechanisms. The occurence and development of riverbank erosion is quite complicated, composed by multiple processes, which are hard to separate with each other. Therefore, the scholars have proposed a lot of theories to describe the processes. Among the theories, “Riverbank Stability Theory” has been widely recognized and developed. ②Factors of riverbank erosion. The key factors that affect riverbank erosion include hydrology conditions of the river, soil properties, geomorphology, vegetation of the river bank and meteorology. However, it should be noted that the importance of different factors in the collapse process is not equivalent and effects of the same factor on different rivers are various. ③Riverbank erosion estimation. With the tremendous improvement of quantification recently, time interval of erosion measurement is shortening continuously, while spatial scale is larger and larger. At the same time, resolution is becoming increasingly high. Erosion pin was commonly used in early studies because of its easy use and low cost, whereas remote sensing and digital photogrammetry have more advantages in modern measurement. ④Modeling of riverbank erosion. At present, the models are mainly based on the fundamental theories of hydraulics and soil mechanics, to study river bank stability. According to the review of the four aspects above, problems of recent researches and prospects of possible development in the future were discussed. The researchers should pay much attention to temporal spatial distribution of riverbank erosion first before further research. The study would be greatly helpful to the researchers for the specific river reach when choosing the proper theories as well as technologies for measurement and quantification, study the riverbank erosion through both macroscopic and microscopic views, and predict the erosion for management purpose. 相似文献
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The assessment of traffic accident risk based on grey relational analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The traffic accident risk includes three aspects, traffic accident probability, traffic accident severity, and traffic accident trend respectively. In this paper, nine indicators are selected to evaluate the traffic accident risk. The grey relational analysis method was used to determine the weights, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to calculate the risk. These methods were applied to assess the comprehensive risk of traffic accident in 31 provinces in China. The results show that the average value of traffic accident risk is 55.17. Nine provinces which are located in the northwest area and southeast area belong to the high-risk level. The medium-risk areas are widely distributed in the central, northeast, and southwest regions. The low-risk areas are Jilin, Neimenggu, Guizhou, and Beijing. The results have great significance for the measurement and management of regional traffic accident risk. 相似文献
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从技术特点与实践应用二方面着手,详细介绍了虚拟现实、JAVA等技术。从开发环境、系统性能、技术要点等方面,对自行开发的一套基于WEB方式的VR展示系统进行了详细地论述,并对该虚拟现实展示系统在地质综合信息数据库中的应用,特别是在岩芯图文资料综合应用上作了深入的研究。 相似文献
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Yasemin Sisman 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(3):1223-1231
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become a popular sensing system for positioning because it is free and always available and can be used in all weathers. However, the accuracy of GPS is dependent on the measurement factors selected by the surveyor. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the optimal factors of the GPS positioning process. The selected process variables were measurement time and duration, recording interval, and mask angle. To determine the optimum conditions of these factors, a three-level Box–Behnken design was utilized. The results indicated that the optimum conditions of the experimental factors are 13 h as measurement time, 21.77 min as the measurement duration, 22.43 s as the range interval, and 8° as the mask angle. 相似文献
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为了使测量结果更加科学,其不确定度的评定就越来越重要。在运用X射线荧光光谱法检测贵金属质量分数的过程中,测量系统以标准曲线法为基础,测量仪器直接给出测量结果,故可将该测量方法等同于直接测量。以样品Au750为例,探讨了测量不确定度的评定过程与步骤。结果显示,该方法测量结果的不确定度来源主要与测量系统有关,其主要的不确定度分量有标准样品的给定值与误差、仪器的分辨率、准确度以及校准不确定度等,忽略了环境及操作不当的人为影响因素。该评定过程简化,评定方法趋干合理。 相似文献
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近年来,在对国内广泛分布的老粘性土、红土等土体的研究过程中发现,这些土均为＂超固结土＂,其先期固结压力（Ｐｃ）值不仅与土的受荷历史有关,而且还与土的物质组成和结构特征有着十分密切的关系。研究结果表明,影响Ｐｃ值大小的因素很复杂,红土和下蜀土中对Ｐｃ值大小起决定作用的为游离氧化物的胶结连结,而黄土状土中土自重压力则为主导因素。可见土的先期固结压力并非唯一由上覆荷载所致。 相似文献