首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
采用实验室模拟的方法研究了松花江自然水体生物膜、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物吸附铅、镉的热力学规律。根据吸附热力学参数(Γmax、k和Kd)综合比较3种固相物质的吸附能力,并讨论吸附能力存在差异的原因。结果表明:Langmuir型及Freundlich等温式可以很好地描述3种固相物质吸附热力学规律,三者吸附铅、镉的能力为生物膜>悬浮颗粒物>沉积物,生物膜、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物对铅的吸附能力均明显高于对镉的吸附能力。  相似文献   

2.
采用实验室内模拟吸附方法,研究不同溶液pH下沉积物、悬浮颗粒物和生物膜吸附重金属的热力学特征。结果表明:在不同pH下,Langmuir方程均可以很好地描述自然水体三种固相介质吸附重金属的热力学过程。在相同pH条件下,三种固相介质对重金属的吸附能力从大到小依次为悬浮颗粒物、生物膜、沉积物,它们对重金属的吸附能力为铅>铜>镉;这三种固相介质对重金属的吸附能力都随着pH值的升高而增大,其中悬浮颗粒物对重金属的吸附能力受溶液pH影响最大;另外,相对于铜和镉,三种固相介质对铅的吸附受溶液pH影响较大。  相似文献   

3.
影响向海湿地草根层土壤吸附铅、镉能力的因素   总被引:2,自引:7,他引:2  
利用向海湿地采集的草根层土壤进行吸附铅、镉的热力学实验,结果表明草根层土壤吸附铅、镉的过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附曲线(n=8,p=0.01).吸附铅、镉存在干扰吸附现象,吸附铅的能力约是吸附镉的能力的3倍.而且草根层土壤吸附铅、镉的最大吸附量与土壤中的有机质和铁、锰氧化物含量存在着正相关性.土壤的理化性质是影响土壤吸附铅、镉能力的内在主要因素;pH等是影响草根层土壤吸附铅、镉能力的外部主要因素.  相似文献   

4.
采用选择性萃取分离技术对沉积物(生物膜)中非残渣态组分(铁、锰氧化物和有机质)进行分离,研究阿特拉津(atrazine,AT)-Cd-Cu系中共存重金属对选择性萃取前后沉积物(生物膜)吸附AT的影响.研究结果表明:共存体系中,沉积物(生物膜)中铁氧化物对AT的吸附贡献最大,其次是有机质,而锰氧化物则抑制AT的吸附;共存镉促进了AT在沉积物(生物膜)原样及各非残渣态组分上的吸附,镉质量浓度为0.2 mg/L时,促进作用最显著,各组分对阿特拉津的吸附贡献增加了3.20%~32.31%(沉积物)和1.61%~17.10%(生物膜),但随镉质量浓度的增加,其促进作用减弱;共存铜抑制沉积物(生物膜)原样及铁氧化物、有机质对AT的吸附,铜质量浓度为75.0 mg/L时,其抑制作用最强,铁氧化物和有机质对阿特拉津的吸附贡献分别降低了29.21%、22.36%(沉积物)和9.46%、77.27%(生物膜),但同时减弱了锰氧化物对AT吸附的抑制作用,其吸附贡献分别提高了28.98%(沉积物)和17.46%(生物膜).  相似文献   

5.
南通近海潮滩表层沉积物重金属含量特征与生态风险评价   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
基于南通近海(洋口港—吕四)潮滩特点布设潮滩断面并采集表层沉积物,根据样品汞、镉、铅、砷、铬等7种重金属元素含量测试结果,分析研究区沿海潮滩表层沉积物主要重金属元素含量特征,并与江苏其他滨岸地区潮滩沉积物的重金属含量进行对比,初步探讨2009—2012年南通沿海滩涂表层沉积物重金属含量变化与元素的相关性。采用潜在生态危害指数法评价南通近海潮滩表层沉积物中7种重金属元素的潜在生态危害系数及潜在生态风险。南通潮滩表层沉积物重金属含量分布均匀,且低于江苏省苏北其他地区沿海潮滩的沉积物含量。7种重金属元素的相关分析表明,Cu与Pb、Zn具有较好的相关性,Pb与Cd、Hg的相关性最差。潜在生态危害指数法评价表明,南通近岸潮滩表层沉积物7种重金属潜在生态危害系数均属低生态危害范畴,近岸海域(洋口港—吕四段)潮滩表层沉积物环境质量总体较好。  相似文献   

6.
汞等重金属元素在黄浦江中迁移富集研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了探讨生物膜对重金属元素的富集,以及生物膜在水-沉积物交换过程中的影响和贡献,研究了生物膜和沉积物对于汞等重金属的吸附以及吸附前后汞形态的变化.结果表明沉积物中的汞和大部分重金属元素以残渣态为主,可交换态、有机质结合态、碳酸盐结合态百分含量相对较少.生物膜中有机质含量很高,生长时间,光照,季节都是影响生物膜中重金属元素含量的重要因素.可以推断,光照越强,温度越高,生长时间越长,生物膜中重金属元素含量越高.  相似文献   

7.
土壤中铅铜锌镉的吸附特性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以徐州王庄矿(WZK)、奎河(KH)、背景-1(BG-1)和背景-2(BG-2)等4个土壤样品为供试对象,加入不同浓度梯度的铅、铜、锌、镉离子,通过静态实验研究了铅、铜、锌、镉的吸附特性。结果表明,土壤对4个重金属的吸附量与加入到土壤中的重金属离子浓度呈正相关性,它们之间大部分满足线性相关关系。在4个土壤样品中加入铅、铜、锌、镉离子的初始浓度比为10:10:10:1时,平衡浓度为Czn〉Ccu〉CPh〉Ccd,吸附量为Scd〉SPh〉Scu〉Szn,4个土壤样品对铅、铜、锌、镉离子的吸附能力依次为WZK〉KH〉BG-2〉BG-1。在所选实验条件下,土壤对铅、铜、锌、镉的吸附能力受土壤中铅、铜、锌、镉的含量、土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、土壤饱和含水量和土壤的pH值影响较大。  相似文献   

8.
沉积物中的重金属属于持久性污染物,具有富集性、难降解性和毒性,长时间累积会对生态环境和人体健康造成威胁。为研究珍珠湾红树林湿地表层沉积物中的重金属含量分布特征及质量现状,2021年9月在珍珠湾红树林分布区采集13件表层沉积物样品,分析测试重金属含量。结果表明: 与国内其他红树林湿地相比,珍珠湾红树林湿地表层沉积物中的重金属含量处于相对较低水平; 地累积指数法显示大部分表层沉积物样品无重金属污染,仅有2个站位受到Cd和Hg的轻微污染,潜在生态风险指数法表明湾内各站位均为低生态风险; 相关性分析和主成分分析表明,Cd主要受江平江输入和珍珠湾东南部海水养殖的影响,其他元素主要为自然背景的岩石风化沉积,利用主成分-多元线性回归模型对重金属的来源进行解析认为,表明江平江输入的重金属贡献率为57%,海水养殖影响的重金属贡献率为43%。综上所述,珍珠湾红树林湿地整体生态状况良好,但仍需重点关注Cd的输入。  相似文献   

9.
三峡库区消落区表层沉积物磷吸附特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
以三峡库区消落区表层沉积物为研究对象,通过对干湿交替沉积物中磷的赋存形式、吸附等温曲线的分析,揭示了干湿交替过程中沉积物磷的分布规律、吸附特征以及磷的源汇变化。结果表明:上覆水总磷变化呈现11月总磷<5月总磷<8月总磷。消落区覆水到出露沉积物最大磷吸附量、土壤最大缓冲能力在增加,磷零吸持平衡浓度、易解吸磷在降低,表明沉积物在夏季出露落干的过程中,固磷能力增强,释磷能力减弱;消落区土壤首次覆水过程中土壤磷呈现出由源到汇的转变。成库初期,覆水时沉积物主要表现为磷的积累,次年水库开闸放水排沙时,消落区表层富磷沉积物被冲刷排出。  相似文献   

10.
通过长江河口地区水下表层沉积物样品多种化学元素的赋存形态分析测试数据,综合分析重金属元素的赋存形态特征。研究结果显示:镉、汞、铅残渣态所占比例均小于50%,锌、砷、铬、铜、镍残渣态占比均大于50%;8个元素的残渣态与全量呈显著正相关关系。沉积环境和沉积物粒径对重金属元素赋存形态具有重要影响。沉积物的物质来源、矿物组成特征、水动力作用与沉积物粒度和物理化学条件等是长江口地区表层沉积物重金属元素赋存形态的主要控制因素。  相似文献   

11.
Sediments from San Antonio Bay, the northwest Gulf of Mexico, and the Mississippi River Delta were acid leached and analyzed for Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Ni by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In order to account for differences in sediment clay, carbonate, and organic matter content, metal concentrations were normalized to Fe. Significant linear correlations of metals to Fe were obtained for unpolluted sediments and deviations from these “natural” statistical populations were found for areas thought to have metal input caused by man. San Antonio Bay sediments show little evidence of metal pollution despite 70 years of shell dredging in the bay. However, the San Antonio-Guadalupe River system, the bay's prime sediment source, has 10% to 50% higher than natural levels of Pb, Cd and Cu. Sediments from a 1500 km2 area of the Mississippi River Delta have Pb and Cd concentrations 10% to 100% higher than expected levels. The vertical distribution of Pb and Cd in these sediments suggests that inputs have occurred during the past 30 to 40 years. We find no indication of metal pollution in other areas of the Delta or along the continental shelf of the northwest Gulf of Mexico.  相似文献   

12.
黄河包头段不同粒级沉积物中重金属形态分布特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以黄河包头段为研究对象,探讨了该河段不同粒级沉积物中重金属的形态分布特征,并估算了各粒级沉积物对各形态重金属的贡献率。结果表明,铁锰氧化物结合态是黄河干流各粒级沉积物中Cu、Pb和Zn非稳定态的主导形态;总体上,黄河干支流沉积物中3种重金属各形态含量均随粒级增大而减小,表现明显的粒度效应;重金属形态分布的粒度效应是沉积...  相似文献   

13.
The bioavailability and fate of heavy metals in the environment are often controlled by sorption reactions on the reactive surfaces of soil minerals. We have developed a non-electrostatic equilibrium model (NEM) with both surface complexation and ion exchange reactions to describe the sorption of Pb and Cd in single- and binary-metal systems over a range of pH and metal concentration. Mineralogical and exchange properties of three different acidic soils were used to constrain surface reactions in the model and to estimate surface densities for sorption sites, rather than treating them as adjustable parameters. Soil heterogeneity was modeled with >FeOH and >SOH functional groups, representing Fe- and Al-oxyhydroxide minerals and phyllosilicate clay mineral edge sites, and two ion exchange sites (X and Y), representing clay mineral exchange. An optimization process was carried out using the entire experimental sorption data set to determine the binding constants for Pb and Cd surface complexation and ion exchange reactions.Modeling results showed that the adsorption of Pb and Cd was distributed between ion exchange sites at low pH values and specific adsorption sites at higher pH values, mainly associated with >FeOH sites. Modeling results confirmed the greater tendency of Cd to be retained on exchange sites compared to Pb, which had a higher affinity than Cd for specific adsorption on >FeOH sites. Lead retention on >FeOH occurred at lower pH than for Cd, suggesting that Pb sorbs to surface hydroxyl groups at pH values at which Cd interacts only with exchange sites. The results from the binary system (both Pb and Cd present) showed that Cd retained in >FeOH sites decreased significantly in the presence of Pb, while the occupancy of Pb in these sites did not change in the presence of Cd. As a consequence of this competition, Cd was shifted to ion exchange sites, where it competes with Pb and possibly Ca (from the background electrolyte). Sorption on >SOH functional groups increased with increasing pH but was small compared to >FeOH sites, with little difference between single- and binary-metal systems. Model reactions and conditional sorption constants for Pb and Cd sorption were tested on a fourth soil that was not used for model optimization. The same reactions and constants were used successfully without adjustment by estimating surface site concentrations from soil mineralogy. The model formulation developed in this study is applicable to acidic mineral soils with low organic matter content. Extension of the model to soils of different composition may require selection of surface reactions that account for differences in clay and oxide mineral composition and organic matter content.  相似文献   

14.
Solid materials such as suspended particulate matter (SPM), deposited sediment (DS) and natural surface coatings (NSC, composed of biofilms and associated minerals) are important sinks and potential sources of pollutants in natural aquatic environments. Although these materials can exist in the same water body, few studies have been conducted to compare their ability to adsorb trace metals. In this study, the adsorption of Pb, Cu and Cd by these solids, collected from an urban lake, was investigated. In addition, the metal adsorption properties of the main components of these solids, namely Mn and Fe oxides and organics, were also investigated using the method of selective extraction followed by metal adsorption. The solids that co-existed in water showed similarities and differences in their compositions. For each metal, adsorption to the solids occurred in the same order: NSC > SPM > DS. For Pb and Cd, Fe and Mn oxides and organics contributed to the adsorption by NSC and SPM, and the adsorption by DS was dominated by Fe oxides. For Cu, the organics were the main adsorptive phase. The specific adsorption capability of these components decreases in the following order: Mn oxides > Fe oxides > organics. Overall, the results presented herein indicate that different solids and their components played important roles in the adsorption of trace metals.  相似文献   

15.
城市内陆型湖泊湿地对城市生态系统具有重要的作用。以武汉市武湖为例,采用数理统计、营养盐指数、地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数等方法,对武湖表层沉积物中的氮、磷、有机质和重金属的平面分布特征、影响因素、富集污染程度、生态风险进行评价。结果表明: 武湖西北部表层沉积物中总氮、总磷和有机质的含量明显高于东南部,武湖周边地表径流和农田是营养元素的主要来源,旱地较水田有利于沉积物中总磷的富集; 武湖沉积物中有机质为内源水生植物和外源陆生植物的混合来源,与总氮具显著正相关关系; 沉积物中重金属含量总体较低,局部呈现高镉,平面上总体北部高于南部; 沉积物中重金属富集程度和潜在风险较低,局部地区镉和铅为轻微富集,镉和汞具中等潜在风险; 沉积物的潜在生态风险为低至中等,潜在生态风险与沉积物中镉的分布高度一致。  相似文献   

16.
The adsorption behavior and solution speciation of Cu(II) and Cd(II) were studied in model systems containing colloidal alumina particles and dissolved natural organic matter. At equilibrium a significant fraction of the alumina surface was covered by adsorbed organic matter. Cu(II) was partitioned primarily between the surface-bound organic matter and dissolved Cu-organic complexes in the aqueous phase. Complexation of Cu2+ with the functional groups of adsorbed organic matter was stronger than complexation with uncovered alumina surface hydroxyls. It is shown that the complexation of Cu(II) by adsorbed organic matter can be described by an apparent stability constant approximately equal to the value found for solution phase equilibria. In contrast, Cd(II) adsorption was not significantly affected by the presence of organic matter at the surface, due to weak complex formation with the organic ligands. The results demonstrate that general models of trace element partitioning in natural waters must consider the presence of adsorbed organic matter.  相似文献   

17.
对中国南方的3个水稻土样品进行了Cd、Pb单一离子和混合离子吸附特点的研究。结果表明,3个水稻土样品中Cd、Pb的吸附特点都相似,Langmuir等温方程可很好地描述Cd、Pb的吸附等温线。3个土壤样品中,有较高pH值和较低有机物、CEC浓度、粘土含量、高岭石含量的2个土壤样品对Cd、Pb有较大的吸附量,且其等温吸附拟合的最大吸附量(B)也较大。在两组分混合溶液中,尽管共存离子的存在影响了土壤对单一离子的吸附,同时土壤对Cd的吸附在一定程度上受影响的程度大,但3个土壤样品都表现出对Pb有强的吸附能力。在3个土壤样品中,Langmuir等温方程中Pb的健合能常数(K)都大于Cd的健合能常数(K),混合溶液中的K值高于单一溶液的K值,表明2种金属离子对吸附位点的竞争提高了特定吸附位点的保持力,使金属离子在土壤中特定位点的吸附更加坚固。  相似文献   

18.
对中国南方的3个水稻土样品进行了Cd、Pb单一离子和混合离子吸附特点的研究。结果表明,3个水稻土样品中Cd、Pb的吸附特点都相似,Langmuir等温方程可很好地描述Cd、Pb的吸附等温线。3个土壤样品中,有较高pH值和较低有机物、CEC浓度、粘土含量、高岭石含量的2个土壤样品对Cd、Pb有较大的吸附量,且其等温吸附拟合的最大吸附量(B)也较大。在两组分混合溶液中,尽管共存离子的存在影响了土壤对单一离子的吸附,同时土壤对Cd的吸附在一定程度上受影响的程度大,但3个土壤样品都表现出对Pb有强的吸附能力。在3个土壤样品中,Langmuir等温方程中Pb的健合能常数(K)都大于Cd的健合能常数(K),混合溶液中的K值高于单一溶液的K值,表明2种金属离子对吸附位点的竞争提高了特定吸附位点的保持力,使金属离子在土壤中特定位点的吸附更加坚固。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号