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1.
1961-2016年新疆单站不同等级冷空气过程气候特征及变化 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用新疆1961年1月-2016年12月资料完整的89个国家气象观测站的日最低气温资料,根据中国气象局2017年发布的行业标准《冷空气过程监测指标》（QX/393-2017）的单站冷空气等级,计算近56 a来新疆各单站不同等级冷空气过程的发生频次、降温幅度、持续天数,应用线性趋势、EOF分解等分析方法,对新疆各单站不同等级冷空气过程的时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明：新疆单站不同等级冷空气年平均频次和年累计天数均表现为中等强度冷空气最多、寒潮次多、强冷空气最少,空间分布都呈现为北疆多、南疆少的分布特征;中等强度冷空气和强冷空气区域平均的年平均频次和年累计天数的年际变化均呈不显著减少趋势,寒潮均呈显著减少趋势,而空间分布上不是整体呈减少趋势,甚至个别地区呈显著增加趋势;中等强度冷空气和强冷空气在秋季前期和春季后期发生较多,寒潮则在冬季发生较多;中等强度以上冷空气年累计降温呈现北疆大、南疆小的分布特征,区域平均的年累计降温呈显著减小趋势;新疆年寒潮频次和年累计降温第一模态的方差贡献率分别为33%、39%,远远大于其它模态,第一模态（即主模态）的空间分布二者均表现为整个新疆为一致的正值,说明其变化趋势在全疆具有一致性的特征,另外北疆特征值较大,南疆特征值较小,说明北疆更容易出现异常,南疆不易出现异常。 相似文献
2.
基于1960—2017年2 000多个气象台站逐日降水数据和中国气象局热带气旋(TC)最佳路径资料集,采用客观天气图分析法(OSAT)识别得到TC降水。研究表明,中国TC降水总体呈显著下降趋势,较12年前的研究结果下降趋势变缓;TC盛期(7~9月)降水占到TC总降水的78.5%,TC盛期降水和TC非盛期降水均呈显著下降趋势。TC降水气候趋势在空间分布上以减少为主要特征,并表现出明显的地域差异,自南向北呈"减少—增多—减少"的分布型,减少趋势中心位于广东和海南。按TC影响期最大强度分级(弱TC、中等强度TC和强TC)研究不同强度TC降水的变化,结果显示,强TC降水表现出显著减少趋势,主要决定着TC总降水的影响范围和趋势等主要特征。进一步分析发现,影响TC频数在1960—2017年呈显著减少趋势,并在1995年发生突变;对1995年前后2个时期的对比研究显示,与前一时期(1960—1994年)相比,后一时期(1995—2017年)影响TC活动频次在20°N以南的海域呈现出显著的减少趋势,减少大值中心位于南海北部,而且这一特征也主要由影响TC中的强TC所决定;强TC的这一变化趋势导致了华南地区尤其是广东和海南TC降水日数的减少,进而使得TC降水减少。 相似文献
3.
近年来水热型、浅层地热能发展产生的缺点问题日益突出,以取热不取水为原则,中深层U型水平对接换热技术成为新的技术方向。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘延安地区地层岩性、地温梯度特征、热储层特征等特征研究,分析了研究区中深层地热资源潜力,研究结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系马家沟组为良好的热传导型热储,深部地温梯度为3.05℃/100m。当马家沟组深度在3157m时,对应温度达到110.67℃。测井及注水试验结果表明,奥陶系马家沟组为极弱含水层,几乎没有流体,属于良好的干热岩型地热资源,具有较高的开采价值。充分确定了该区地热地质条件良好、地热资源潜力巨大。为合理、高效开发利用该区地热资源提供了科学依据,对进一步开发利用该区的地热能具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
Based on the daily precipitation data of more than 2 000 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2017 and the tropical cyclone (TC) best-track data of the China Meteorological Administration, the TC precipitation was identified by the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique (OSAT). The research shows that the TC precipitation in China has a significant downward trend, which is slower than that of the research results 12 years ago. The TC precipitation in the peaking season (July to Sepember) accounted for 78.5% of the total TC precipitation. Both TC precipitation in peaking season and other months showed a significant downward trend. The TC precipitation climate trend is mainly characterized by reduction in spatial distribution, and shows obvious regional differences. From south to north, there is a distribution of “decreasing-increasing-decreasing”, and the decreasing trend centers are located in Guangdong and Hainan. According to the maximum intensity in the TC influence period, we classified TCs into three levels (weak TCs, medium intensity TCs and strong TCs) and studied the variations of TC precipitation in different intensities. The results show that the strong TC precipitation shows a significant decrease trend, which mainly determines the influence range and trend of TC total precipitation. Further analysis found that the frequency of affecting TC showed a significant reduction trend during the time period of 1960-2017 and an abrupt shift occurred in 1995. A comparative study of the two periods before and after 1995 showed that compared with the previous period (1960-1994), the frequency of TCs in the latter period (1995-2017) showed a significant decreasing trend in the south of 20°N. The maximum decreasing center was located in the northern part of the South China Sea, and this feature was mainly affected by the strong TC. It was decided that this trend of strong TC led to a decrease trend in the number of precipitation days in South China, especially in Guangdong and Hainan, which led to a decrease trend in TC precipitation. 相似文献
5.
鄂尔多斯地块南缘处在盆地与秦岭造山带之间这一盆—山结合的过渡部位,由于构造位置的特殊性,自古生代以来其构造及沉积面貌与盆地腹部地区存在较大差异,具体表现在：1）早古生代沉积开始早、结束晚;2）晚古生代沉积开始晚;3）印支期西南部发生局部坳陷沉降;4）燕山晚期盆地南部强烈抬升（远高于盆地东部的同期抬升）;5）喜马拉雅期渭河地区快速沉陷与渭北隆升。盆地南部经历了3次大的构造格局转换：一是晚古生代末—印支期西南部“由隆到坳”的构造转换;二是印支期末—燕山期主体构造走向由北西—南东向到南北向的转换（构造转向）;三是燕山期末—喜马拉雅期渭河地区由强烈隆升到快速沉降的转换（构造反转）。盆地南部在不同时期所表现出的与盆地本部的不同耦合特征均根源于区域大地构造背景的差异：1）早古生代处于活动大陆边缘构造环境;2）海西期—印支期受古特提斯洋开裂—闭合的影响;3）燕山期受古太平洋板块俯冲的影响;4）喜马拉雅期受印度板块俯冲与太平洋板块俯冲的共同制约。鄂尔多斯地块南缘经历强烈伸展与造山过程,引起了其与盆地腹部的构造—沉积分异。 相似文献
6.
1961—2016年东北地区冬季寒潮事件变化特征及其对区域气候变暖的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用东北地区1961—2016年164个气象台站逐日平均气温和最低气温数据,根据国家标准《寒潮等级》（GB/T 21987—2017）的单站冷空气等级,计算近56年来各单站不同等级冷空气过程的频次、强度、持续日数,应用趋势系数、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析、相似系数等统计方法,研究了东北地区三种类型寒潮（超强寒潮、强寒潮、寒潮）的气候变化特征。结果表明：三种类型寒潮日数空间分布存在明显的地区差异,高海拔地区相对偏多,低海拔和平原地区相对偏少。年尺度上,1961—2016年三种类型寒潮日数和站次呈减少趋势,减少速率呈现为超强寒潮＞强寒潮＞寒潮;年代尺度上,三者均在20世纪60年代到70年代末期相对偏多,1980年开始进入一个相对偏少的时段,21世纪00年代中期以后有小幅度增加;寒潮日数和站次均存在明显的3~5 a短周期性变化。1961—2016年东北地区冬季气温在空间变化上全区呈一致的增加趋势,66%的站点增温显著,检测到冬季气温的突变点为1981年。东北地区气候变暖后,三种类型寒潮日数和站次均有明显的减少。 相似文献
7.
Carlo Giraudi 《Quaternary Research》2009,71(1):1-8
The sediments present in some areas of the Orco Valley provide indications on climatic variations that occurred during the last 6000 years on the southern slopes of the Alps. In particular, distribution and ages of peat layers help define periods and extent of glacial fluctuation in the last 2200 years. Sampling of soils involved in periglacial processes provided a basis for development of a chronological framework of late Holocene environmental change. The data indicate a trend toward cooler climate in the second half of the Holocene. A strong relationship exists between phases of River Po flooding and expansion/retreat phases of the Swiss glaciers: major glacial advances were coeval with periods of intense flooding of the River Po, whereas the phases of glacial retreat coincided with periods of little flooding of the Po. Only in three cases do relationships between glacier activity and floods show weak correlations; two of the cases relate to the warmest periods in approximately the last 2200 years, while the third is the present period. Paleoclimatic evidence from the study region indicates the relatively warm Roman Period between about 2200 and 1900 cal yr BP appears to better represent modern conditions than does the Medieval Warm Period. 相似文献
8.
K. R. Muraleedharan P. K. Dinesh Kumar S. Prasanna Kumar Sebin John B. Srijith K. Anil Kumar K. Naveen Kumar S. Gautham V. Samiksha 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(4):1021-1035
Mud bank formation during the southwest monsoon along the southwest coast of India remains an enigma to the researchers and coastal community in spite of several earlier studies. The present study attempts to unravel the mystery through a high-frequency, season-long time-series observation at Alappuzha, located at the southern part of the west coast of India, a region of frequent occurrence of mud bank. Using 7-month-long weekly time-series observation, we identified strong winds and high waves associated with onset of the southwest monsoon and subsequent three episodic atmospheric low-pressure events (LPEs).With the help of in situ time-series data, we show that the strong winds and high waves associated with southwest monsoon pre-conditions the near shore bottom sediment to bring it into suspension. The high amplitude waves associated with the southwest monsoon, while propagating from the deep water to shallow water region, interact with the bottom initiating bottom-sediment movement and its suspension due to wave refraction and shoaling. The sporadic occurrence of the atmospheric LPEs enhances the process of suspension of bottom sediment in the near shore region leading to the formation of fluid mud. Simulations with a cohesive sediment transport model yielded realistic estimates of sediment transport, in the presence of an onshore current, a pre-requisite for transporting the fluid mud toward the coast. The prevailing onshore upwelling current during the southwest monsoon provides the favorable pre-requisite conditions for transporting the fluid mud through depression channel network towards the coast. Once sufficient quantity and thickness of fluid mud is accumulated in the near shore region, it acts as a wave damper for subsequent high monsoon waves, as indicated by the time-series wave data, leading to the formation of tranquil mud bank region. Depression channel networks extending from the shelf to the coast off Alappuzha, Kochi, Ponnani, Beypore, and Ullal were found in the bathymetric charts, thus explaining why mud banks occur only at few locations in spite of the prevalence of similar monsoon conditions. 相似文献
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10.
由于全球显著变暖和水循环加快,使得中国西北主要是新疆地区于1987年气候发生突然变化,随着温度上升,降水量、冰川消融量和径流量连续多年增加,内陆湖泊水位显著上升,洪水灾害也迅猛增加,同时,植被有所改善,沙尘暴日数锐减,从而改变了19世纪末期至20世纪70年代的变暖变干趋势.以降水量增加超过蒸发量增加所导致的径流量增长及湖泊水位上升作为气候向暖湿转型的主要标准,西北地区目前的气候变化可分为3个区域,即1)显著转型区;2)轻度转型区;3)未转型区.作者初步认为,西北气候向暖湿转型可能是世纪性的,预期西北东部在21世纪上半期也会向暖湿转变,但预测有较大的不确定性. 相似文献
11.
Based on the daily minimum temperature data in China from 1961 to 2018, using n-order polynomial fitting, sliding t-test, empirical Orthogonal Function analysis, Morlet wavelet transform and other methods, this paper reveals the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the number of cold surge (CS) day, CS frequency and CS intensity by time and region. The results are as follows. On a national level, the number of CS day, CS frequency, and CS intensity decreased from 1962 to 2000. Specifically, the trend of every element of CS has changed from a previous decrease trend to an increase trend, and the inflection point was around 2000. The CS activity occurred more frequently, became more strengthen, and last for longer time after 2000. There are obvious spatial differences in the number of CS days, CS frequency, CS intensity and their changing trends in China. The number of CS days and CS frequency reach the maximum value in northeast China and northern Inner Mongolia. Meanwhile, the CS intensity value is low in the southeast China and high in the northwest China, with the exception of southern Xinjiang. The changes in the number of CS day and the CS frequency are mainly manifested as the “Northeast, Southwest Reverse Pattern”, the CS intensity is mainly manifested as the “Uniform Change Pattern”. The number of CS day, CS frequency, and CS intensity did not change significantly after, but a significant transition point was detected in 1980. On a regional scale, from 1962 to 2018, the number of CS day, frequency and intensity of cold surge in all regions showed a decreasing trend, while they increased after 2000. In the northern and northeastern of China, mean of three elements of cold surge increased after 2000. The transition year was different in different regions. The transition year of three elements of cold surge in Northeast China were the earliest. Mean value of the number of CS day, CS frequency, and CS intensity have an oscillation period of 3~5 years in total China and all regions. In addition, the periodic oscillations of the number of CS day and CS frequency in all regions are basically the consistent. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
12.
Two types of persistent extreme weather events, the cold–wet spell (CWS) and the persistent wet-freezing event (PWFE), are defined by considering the persistence of both extreme low temperature (ELT) and precipitation. Regional CWS and PWFE are identified based on temporal persistence and spatial contiguity of single-station-based CWS event and PWFE, respectively. Relevant factors are further discussed to reveal the features of spatial distribution and temporal variability of such events. The results indicate that: (1) station-based CWSs are mostly observed in southern China, especially in eastern part of southwest China and south China. PWFEs are relatively frequently observed immediate south of middle reach of the Yangtze River. Both CWS and PWFE of longer duration are frequently observed in the northern part of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. Further analyses indicate that the occurrence of these events in southern China is positively related to elevation. (2) A total of 48 regional CWSs and 21 regional PWFEs are identified during cold season over 1951–2011 in China. The long-lasting ELT and rainy (snowy)/freezing condition render the event in southern China in 2008, the most severe one in the last five decades. (3) Precipitation is the limitation condition for the occurrence of CWS and PWFE in northern China, while ELT is the dominant factor for CWS and PWFE in southern China. 相似文献
13.
利用1961-2011年我国东北地区(包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古东部)的冬季降水资料,分析了东北地区冬季降水量的时空分布和冬季降水日数的时空分布,对比分析了东亚冬季风对我国东北地区冬季降水的影响. 结果表明：东北地区冬季降水量和降水日数分布有明显的区域差异,以内蒙古东南部、辽宁西北部、吉林西部、黑龙江西南部为低值中心,外围辽宁东部,吉林南部,黑龙江东部、中北部、北部,内蒙古东北部等地区为高值区;冬季降水量年际变化呈增加的线性趋势,1980年代中期以后冬季降水量的高值和低值都有明显的增大;年降雪日数年际变化呈线性增加趋势. 1948-2011年东亚冬季风强度指数的结果表明,东亚冬季风呈明显的线性减弱趋势,弱东亚季风主要集中在20世纪80年代中期以后,除内蒙古东南部等少数区域外,我国东北大部分地区的冬季降水量都和东亚冬季风呈负相关. 对应地,东北地区冬季降水量增大,年际变化的幅度变化增大,降水日数增量较小,这可能与东北地区冬季极端降水天气和干旱天气增加有关. 在东亚范围内,我国东北地区冬季降水多年200 hPa U风增强、500 hPa高压减弱、850 hPa东海南风增强,冬季降水少年则相反. 相似文献
14.
青海南部冬春季雪灾的气候诊断与预测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据青海省气象台站的历史积雪等资料, 依据气候诊断方法分析了降水、 积雪的变化特征和2012年冬春季雪灾形成的气候成因.结果表明: 2012年后冬~初春北半球乌拉尔山阻塞高压稳定维持、 青藏高原高度场偏低、 高原低槽和印缅槽活跃、 极地冷空气向南不断扩散, 冷暖空气在高原地区汇合, 在青海南部和北部地面温度梯度大、 锋区强的零温度线两侧形成大量的降水和积雪.期间的降雪量与降雪日数突破历史极值, 最高气温偏低, 积雪持续难以融化, 出现了历史少见的冬、 春季两季连续积雪, 导致玛沁、 甘德、 达日、 玛多等县出现不同程度雪灾, 1982年、 1993年、 1995年、 2008年、 2012年1-3月青海南部牧区的雪灾过程都基本属于这种类型. 1961-2009年高原牧区积雪与环流因子的气候诊断分析显示, 在1-3月北半球环流场上, 若北极涛动负值偏大、 乌拉尔山高压脊偏强、 印缅槽和高原低槽偏深时, 青海南部牧区降雪量大、 积雪量多, 积雪持续的时间长、 雪灾也相对比较严重, 在上述环流因子相反的配置下, 青海南部牧区的雪灾则比较轻. 相似文献
15.
白垩-古近纪为华北克拉通东部断陷盆地的形成时期,通过运用盆地分析技术,本次工作得到了这一时期各盆地的各阶段构造沉降曲线及相应的构造沉降量和沉降速率。构造沉降分析表明,华北克拉通东部白垩-古近纪盆地的最强构造沉降峰期为古新世(孔店期),次构造沉降峰期为早白垩世早期(莱阳期)。其中早白垩世早期为华北克拉通东部、南部盆地的最强构造沉降峰期,古新世为克拉通内部渤海湾盆地区的最强构造沉降峰期,而其它时期盆地的构造沉降特征表现为构造沉降峰期前后的弱沉降过渡阶段。结合盆地的分布规律,盆地的主要构造沉降中心在白垩纪集中在华北克拉通的南缘和北缘,而在古近纪则迁移到克拉通内部渤海湾地区,即由华北克拉通边缘向内部迁移。伸展期盆地的演化经历了宽裂谷(莱阳期)→窄裂谷(大盛期)→宽裂谷(孔店期)→窄裂谷(东营期)的循环演化模式,揭示了岩石圈的温度和强度的变化。而这种构造沉降的时空变化更支持华北克拉通破坏以拆沉机制为主。 相似文献
16.
WANG Qingchen LIU Jinsong DU Zhili CAI Liguo State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(1)
South China could be divided into one stable craton,the Yangtze Craton (YzC),and several orogenic belts in the surrounding region,that is the Triassic Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt (QDOB) in the north,the Songpan-Garz(?) Orogenic Belt (SGOB) in the northwest,the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Three- river Orogenic Belt (TOB) in the west,the Youjiang Orogenic Belt (YOB) in the southwest,the Middle Paleozoic Huanan Orogenic Belt (HOB) in the southeast,and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Maritime Orogenic Belt (MOB) along the coast... 相似文献
17.
青藏高原雨季降水的水汽条件研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用1961—2017年青藏高原109站降水量资料、NCEP全球逐月再分析资料,讨论了雨季期间高原的水汽输送特征。结果表明：高原雨季降水呈显著的年际变化特征,高原雨季降水主模态为南北反向型和全区一致型。气候态高原雨季的水汽输送路径为来自阿拉伯海的偏西风水汽输送,在孟加拉湾附近分为三支水汽输送气流：一支向北输送,自高原南缘输入;一支在南海附近转为偏南风水汽输送,自东南侧输入高原;一支受高原大地形的阻挡作用,转为偏西风水汽输送。在全区一致型降水偏多年,高原主体呈现北部弱辐合、南部辐散的分布形态;在全区一致型降水偏少年,来自阿拉伯海偏南水汽输送在25° N附近转为偏东水汽输送,在高原南缘形成较强的水汽辐合中心。雨季期间高原各边界的水汽收支情况表现为西、南、东边界以水汽输入为主,北边界为水汽输出,南边界水汽输入量最大,西边界次之。 相似文献
18.
西北干旱区近50年气候变化特征与趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20世纪后期全球增暖趋势越来越明显，受全球增暖的影响，西北地区的气候也将受到不同程度的影响。选取了西北干旱区1951-2000年的21个代表站点气温、降水量资料，采用趋势系数法对西北干旱区近50年气温和降水变化进行分析，找出各分区的变化趋势。结果表明：近50年西北干旱区气温呈上升趋势（0．22℃／10a），1986年后气温明显升高；柴达木盆地和新疆北部升温较大；各季都有增温趋势，贡献最大的是秋冬两季。降水变化有增加的趋势（3．2mm／10a），年降水量贡献最大的是夏季；各区降水都有增加，其中新疆北部降水增加最多。西北干旱区近50年气温升高趋势是南北高，中间低；降水量增加趋势从东南向西北呈现递增的格局。 相似文献
19.
青海夏季干旱特征及其预测模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1961-2008年青海非干旱区(除柴达木盆地)地面气象观测资料、 74个环流特征量、 海温资料、 北半球500 hPa高度场网格点资料以及500 hPa高度场遥相关, 对夏季干旱的变化趋势和干旱发生的机理进行了研究.结果表明:1961-2008年夏季青海省非干旱区、 东部农业区分别发生干旱15 a、 18 a, 发生干旱的年几率为31.3%、 37.5%; 东部农业区发生干旱的几率较大, 中轻度干旱发生几率大于特大、 重度干旱.夏季典型干旱年500 hPa欧亚中高纬度上空高度距平分布为正距平, 极涡偏弱; 非干旱年蒙古到青藏高原上由负距平控制, 极涡偏强, 偏向东半球, 印缅低压槽十分活跃.当夏季西大西洋型、 上年秋季欧亚纬向环流指数偏弱, 而4月西太平洋型偏强, 8月青藏高原地面加热场强度距平指数偏强, 夏季容易发生干旱; 反之, 当夏季西大西洋型、 上年秋季欧亚纬向环流指数偏强, 而4月西太平洋型偏弱, 8月青藏高原地面加热场强度距平指数偏弱, 则夏季不易发生夏季干旱. 1961-2008年模拟方程的准确率为83.3%, 2009-2010年预测结果与实况接近, 趋势预测准确. 相似文献
20.
Tectonic Framework and Deep Structure of South China and Their Constraint to Oil‐Gas Field Distribution 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
South China could be divided into one stable craton, the Yangtze Craton (YzC), and several orogenic belts in the surrounding region, that is the Triassic Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt (QDOB) in the north, the Songpan-Garzê Orogenic Belt (SGOB) in the northwest, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Three-river Orogenic Belt (TOB) in the west, the Youjiang Orogenic Belt (YOB) in the southwest, the Middle Paleozoic Huanan Orogenic Belt (HOB) in the southeast, and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Maritime Orogenic Belt (MOB) along the coast. Seismic tomographic images reveal that the Moho depth is deeper than 40 km and the lithosphere is about 210 km thick beneath the YzC. The SGOB is characterized by thick crust (>40 km) and thin lithosphere (<150 km). The HOB, YOB and MOB have a thin crust (<40 km) and thin lithosphere (<150 km). Terrestrial heat flow survey revealed a distribution pattern with a low heat flow region in the eastern YzC and western HOB and two high heat flow regions in the TOB and MOB respectively. Such a “high-low-high” heat flow distribution pattern could have resulted from Cenozoic asthenosphere upwelling. All oil-gas fields are concentrated in the central part of the YzC. Remnant oil pools have been discovered along the southern margin of the YzC and its adjacent orogenic belts. From a viewpoint of geological and geophysical structure, regions in South China with thick lithosphere and low heat flow value, as well as weak deformation, might be the ideal region for further petroleum exploration. 相似文献