共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
为分析水流交汇区污染物输移扩散规律,开展了交汇区污染物浓度分布规律的实验和数值模拟研究。建立了交汇区污染物扩散的水气两相流数学模型,并采用实验结果进行验证,对交汇区不同流量、动量和交汇角情况进行实验和数值模拟研究。结果表明:含高浓度污染物的支流汇入干流后,在交汇口下游支流侧形成较长的污染带,且支流与干流的交汇角和流量比(动量比)越小,污染带越狭长;在污染带范围内,污染物浓度梯度较大;污染物分布主要受随流输移和扩散的综合作用影响,其中在交汇区污染物的扩散作用明显。 相似文献
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基于波作用量守恒方程建立了波流共存场中多向随机波浪传播变形数学模型,模型中考虑了波浪绕射的影响和水流引起的波浪弥散多普勒效应,应用包含水流和地形影响的激破波模式计算波浪破碎的能量耗散,采用一阶上迎风有限差分格式离散控制方程。分别计算了有无近岸流情况下单向和多向随机波浪的波高分布,考虑水流影响的数值计算结果与物理模型实验数据吻合良好,比较分析表明,所建立的数学模型能够复演由于离岸流引起的波高增大,可用于波流共存场多向随机波浪传播变形的模拟和预报。 相似文献
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针对随机游走水质模型仅考虑污染物对流输移、扩散效应而忽略污染物降解作用的缺陷,基于可降解污染物的一级反应动力学假设,对现有的随机游走水质模式进行了改进,建立了考虑自净作用的二维随机游走水质模型.作为模型检验,构造典型案例,将改进的随机游走模型计算结果与二维对流分散方程的解析解进行了对比分析,模拟结果表明改进的随机游走水质模式与解析解具有一致性.改进的随机游走模型具有既可考虑水污染物的降解特性,又能够形象直观地描述污染物迁移特征的优点. 相似文献
4.
为了更好地研究近岸海域波生沿岸流,建立了基于高阶Boussinesq水波方程的波生沿岸流时域数值模型。控制方程在中等水深范围内具有较好的色散性和变浅作用性能,同时具有二阶完全非线性特征,适合描述近岸区域波浪强非线性运动。通过采用松弛造波方法实现了非线性波浪的无反射入射,采用周期性侧边界条件模拟开敞边界。通过数值试验,讨论了模型中主要参数对数值结果的影响。利用率定后的参数模拟了均匀坡度海岸上产生的沿岸流,通过和实验数据的对比验证了模型的准确性和适用性。利用模型数值模拟了不同波浪入射条件(包括周期、波高和波浪入射角度)对波生沿岸流的影响。 相似文献
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提出一种基于完全非线性Boussinesq方程的改进波浪破碎模型,用于模拟近岸浅水波浪破碎.模型借助水滚的概念,提出一种确定k方程紊动模式中紊动源项的计算公式,通过解k方程计算Boussinesq方程中的涡黏系数,实现对破碎波的模拟.岸边界采用窄缝法,使得模型可用于波浪爬坡的计算.用实验室实测波高和增减水资料对模型进行了验证,得到了一致的结果.紊动源、紊动动能以及紊动耗散率的计算结果表明:①在破波点处紊动源项值最大,随着波浪向岸边传播,逐渐减小;②破波点处,水平方向的对流和扩散在紊动能量输移中发挥重要作用;③岸边附近紊动源与紊动耗散接近平衡. 相似文献
6.
感潮河网水流不仅受径流、潮汐动力的双重影响,还常受水闸调度等人类活动的影响,水动力条件极为复杂。针对水闸调度影响下感潮河网复杂水动力及其伴随物质输移扩散模拟,提出了考虑水闸调度并集成输运对流项的水流-输运通量耦合求解器,建立了基于非结构网格Godunov格式的二维水流-输运耦合数学模型。采用具有时空二阶精度的MUSCL-Hancock预测-校正格式,结合变量重构限制器技术,在保证计算精度的同时避免了数值振荡。运用斜底三角单元网格表达水闸线状地形,并通过地形调整模拟了水闸启闭过程。算例研究表明,该模型计算精度高,可有效模拟水闸调度影响下感潮河网水流运动及污染物输运过程,具有较好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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河口地区感潮河段水动力过程复杂,为在突发水污染事故中合理制定精细化应急方案,基于环境流体水动力模型（EFDC）从水动力学角度对不同水文条件下深圳河口水域突发水污染事故的影响范围、时间及程度进行了数值模拟分析,提出了一种判断河口海湾地区主导水动力因素的分析方法。采用基于傅里叶变换的频谱分析法对事故中污染物输移扩散的主要影响因子进行了准确识别,并采用单因变量多因素方差分析法进行了印证。结果表明,潮流是感潮河段水动力过程的主要驱动因素,但在突发水污染事故中,深圳河各断面特征污染物浓度变化与陆地径流关系密切,径流是感潮河段内突发事故中特征污染物输移的主导动力因素。 相似文献
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建立了基于高阶Boussinesq水波方程的一维波浪破碎数值模型。基于一组具有二阶完全非线性特征的Boussinesq水波方程,建立了交错网格下的高精度差分格式,推导了适用于该组方程的永形波解析解,其和松弛造波技术相结合实现了数值波浪水槽中(强)非线性波浪的无反射入射。通过模拟封闭容器内水体晃动问题对数值格式进行了验证,通过模拟孤立波在斜坡海岸上的浅化过程说明了将方程从弱非线性发展到完全非线性的必要性。采用涡粘方法处理波浪破碎,利用物理模型实验数据,分析了模型中各波浪破碎参数对数值结果的影响并对参数进行了率定。应用该模型对规则波在斜坡海岸上的传播、变浅以及破碎过程进行了数值模拟研究,数值结果同实验数据吻合良好,验证了模型的有效性。 相似文献
9.
依据南水北调中线干渠资料,开展了正常输水情况下串联明渠内可溶污染物浓度分布规律数值模拟研究。采用数值模拟、数学归纳和统计分析方法,提出表征污染物输移扩散特征的峰值输移距离、污染带长度和峰值浓度的快速预测公式;通过示范工程验证了快速预测公式的可行性。结果表明:①串联明渠内,峰值输移距离随渠道流速减小而减小,并且污染带长度增加值随明渠内流速减小而减小,但是峰值浓度随明渠流速减小而增加;②快速预测公式计算结果与现场试验实测结果的误差均不到15%,证明了快速预测公式的合理性和可行性。这些研究结果为南水北调中线工程突发可溶性水污染事件应急预警方案的制定提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性分析是研究近岸地区泥沙输运机理和岸滩演变的关键。考虑潜堤修建的影响,对破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性开展研究。运用基于RANS方程的波浪数学模型,选取非线性涡粘性κ-ε紊动传输模型,采用高精度PLIC-VOF方法追踪自由面,并用实验数据验证模型精度。计算分析结果表明,潜堤的修建改变了破波点的位置,破碎区至冲泻区内水动力特性随之变化,入射波波高H、波长L、堤顶水深R和堤顶宽度B是主要影响因素。在相同的入射波条件下,B/R增大,破碎区至冲泻区内出现的最大紊动动能值和最大紊动耗散值减小。用量纲一参数Re,Fr和St来描述破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性,随着RL/BH增大,波浪将在离岸较近处发生破碎,Re和Fr增大,St减小。 相似文献
13.
N. P. Kurian K. Rajith T. S. Shahul Hameed L. Sheela Nair M. V. Ramana Murthy S. Arjun V. R. Shamji 《Natural Hazards》2009,49(2):325-345
Wind waves in the innershelf of the south-central Kerala coast, south-west India were measured at four locations during different
seasons. Simultaneously, numerical models were developed to simulate the wave and sediment transport regime of the innershelf.
Strong monsoonal influence is seen in the wave characteristics with greater amplitudes, lower periods and switch-over from
SW to SWW–W direction. The net annual longshore sediment transport is southerly in the innershelf and northerly in the surf
zone. These counter-directional transports are linked by seasonally reversing the cross-shore transports. In the locations
where the transports in the longshore and cross-shore directions are balanced, stable beaches prevail. Erosion/accretion tendency
prevails in locations where these transports are not balanced. The southern and northern parts of the coast where onshore
transports are predominant could be accreting zones. The erosion/accretion pattern deduced from the sediment transport model
corresponds well with the long-term erosion/accretion trend for this coast. 相似文献
14.
波浪在斜坡沙质海床上破碎会加剧泥沙输移导致海床形态变化,研究破碎波作用下沙质海床形态变化机制对于岸滩演变分析极为重要。在波浪水槽中采用中值粒径0.47 mm原型沙铺设1∶20坡度的底床模型进行试验研究,测量不同波浪条件下床面形态和沙坝顶端悬浮泥沙浓度变化。通过测量和计算破碎带输沙率、沙坝尺度和沙坝移动速度,分析破碎波作用下沙质斜坡海床上床面形态变化规律。试验结果表明,破碎带沙坝顶端的悬浮泥沙浓度与水深和底部床面密切相关,在形成沙坝和沙坝水平方向移动时,悬浮泥沙浓度较大;斜坡上沙坝前后来回运动的周期大小具有随机性,沙坝既有向岸又有离岸移动;在多组波长时间作用后沙坝尺度趋于稳定,底床净输沙量趋于0。 相似文献
15.
Field observations are made of the formation of backwash ripples on the beach face, formed by undular hydraulic jumps generated by backwash down the beach face colliding with wave bores. Measured ripple wavelengths range from set averages of 48 to 70 cm. Within a particular set of ripples the spacing tends to decrease in the offshore direction. These observations are compared with laboratory experiments where undular jumps are generated in a flume, and with a computer simulation model which calculates both the flow within an undular hydraulic jump and the resulting sediment transport which gives rise to the backwash ripples. The computer model involves a numerical solution of the Bousssinesq equations which govern the fluid flow, and sediment transport equations which relate the sand transport rate to the local mean flow velocity. The model permits a study of the detailed time-history of the undular jump development and the formation of the backwash ripples and shows good agreement with the field observations of backwash ripples, predicting an offshore decrease in their spacings. The laboratory experiments showed a similar result so long as the Froude number of the supercritical flow before the jump occurs is small (c. 1–4). Small differences between the computer model and experiments arose principally from the neglect of internal friction and surface tension in the model. 相似文献
16.
受波浪及沿岸流影响,在滨岸地区形成的滩坝砂体是滨海（湖）带发育的主要砂体类型。目前国内外学者对滩坝沉积砂体的认识多来自于现代沉积和油气地质特征,对滩坝砂体的沉积机制和内部结构研究相对较弱。基于沉积水槽实验,采用规则波浪对沙质斜坡滨岸带进行模拟实验,观测波浪作用下滨岸带滩坝形成过程和波浪运动特征,记录波浪作用下滨岸带沙质滩坝在不同浪带平面时空演化规律。实验结果显示:波浪是改造湖岸原有沉积物的关键驱动力,波浪作用下沙质岸滩床面泥砂将发生输移运动,而滩坝是陆湖（海）泥沙在水动力驱动下搬运沉积的结果,水动力的强弱及水流结构引起泥沙在空间上的不均匀输运和分布,进而塑造不同的滩坝形态。与强波浪相关的高水位可以加速滩坝系统的形成并最终形成大规模的滩坝砂;相比之下,与较弱波浪相关的低水位只能略微改变初始沉积物形态。根据不同的沉积物特征可将实验中的滩坝系统分为三类:冲浪带和碎浪带滩坝系统近端部分的大规模厚层坝砂,破浪带和升浪带滩坝系统中部分布广泛的薄滩砂,以及位于滩坝系统中远端的弧形或平行排列的脊状、砂纹坝砂。建立了水槽实验模式下滩坝沉积模式,可用于指导油气勘探开发。 相似文献
17.
Wave–current interaction (WCI) is important in modulating hydrodynamics and water mixing in estuaries, and thereby the transport of water-borne materials. However, the effects of WCI on salt transport and salt intrusion in estuaries during storm events have been rarely examined. In the present study, we use a coupled atmosphere–ocean–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system to investigate the effects of WCI on salt intrusion in the highly stratified Modaomen Estuary during Typhoon Hagupit (2008). The model is validated by the measured wave, water elevation, and surface salinity data, and several diagnostic model experiments are conducted. WCI increases the storm surge by 0.8 m at the peak surge (25% of the total surge height). The wave-breaking-induced momentum flux and the Stokes drift increase the magnitude of the landward flow by 0.3 m s?1 (30% of the total landward flow). In addition, the waves increase water mixing by 2–4 times compared with that without waves. Hence, WCI significantly increases the landward advective salt transport and decreases the steady shear transport. The net effect of the WCI is a significant increase of salt import and salt intrusion during the typhoon event. However, in the aftermath of the storm, the imported salt water is rapidly flushed out by the increased river discharge, and the estuary regains its stratification within one day. 相似文献
18.
Storm extreme levels and coastal flood hazards: A parametric approach on the French coast of Languedoc (district of Leucate) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Brice Anselme Paul Durand Yves-François Thomas Alexandre Nicolae-Lerma 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(10):677-690
Coastal flooding is a significant risk on the shores of Languedoc-Roussillon. The storms that periodically hit the coast can generate strong swells and storm surges. Most beach resorts, built on a low elevation dune ridge, are periodically flooded during major storms. Although risks zoning regulations take into consideration coastal flood hazards, the delineation of vulnerable areas is still insufficient and the commonly accepted threshold is regularly exceeded during most severe storms. This paper presents a method to improve the assessment of extreme storm-related water levels. It relies on fieldwork carried out in the Leucate commune (Aude), which is particularly exposed to the risk of sea level rise. It considers both storm surges and wave phenomena that occur within the surf zone (set-up and swash), calculated from the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN®) numerical wave model and the Stockdon formula. Water levels reached during several recent storm events have been reconstructed and simulations of submerged areas were carried out by numerical modelling. 相似文献
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各种类型的沉积物床面形态及层理构造大量保存在沉积岩中,成为恢复古沉积环境和古地理的重要标志之一。1981年,作者在山东白沙口海岸,对海岸带不同地貌条件下的床面形态系列及层理构造进行了观测,并对其形成过程进行了探讨。 相似文献