首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Isotopes of deuterium and oxygen-18 in thermal groundwater in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Compositions of deuterium and 18O isotopes of 90 representative samples indicate that thermal groundwater in most parts of China is meteoric in origin. Latitude, altitude, and continent effects have significant bearing on the values of δD and δ18O of the hot water samples. Oxygen-18 shift is not significant in most of the thermal groundwater, especially the hot water of low-to-moderate temperature. Slight oxygen-18 shift is only found in some hot springs of high temperature in Tibet and western Yunnan and in thermal groundwater of low-to-moderate temperature in the deep-seated carbonate aquifers in the northern North China Plain (including the Tianjin area). Near-surface boiling may causes the shift of the former and the latter may be attributed to exchange of oxygen-18 between water and carbonates in the geothermal systems of taphrogenic basin-type. Hot springs in Tibet and western Sichuan have very low contents of δD and δ18O, possibly due to recharge of precipitation and snow-melting water of extremely depleted δD and δ18O values at high latitudes of several thousands of meters.  相似文献   

2.
The present work was conducted in the Sinai Peninsula (1) to identify the recharge and flow characteristics and to evaluate the continuity of the Lower Cretaceous Nubian Sandstone aquifer; and (2) to provide information for the aquifer's rational appraisal. Isotopic and hydrochemical compositions combined with the geological and hydrogeological settings were used for this purpose. A considerable depletion in isotopic content (oxygen-18 and deuterium) and low d-excess values exist in the studied groundwater, reflecting the contribution of old meteoric water that recharged the aquifer in pluvial times. Modern recharge also occurs from precipitation that falls on the aquifer outcrops. The wide scatter of the data points around the two meteoric lines, the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and Mediterranean meteoric water line (MMWL), in the δ18O–δD diagram indicates considerable variation in recharge conditions (amount, altitude, temperature, air masses, distances from catchment, overland flow, etc.). The isotopic composition in the El-Bruk area is minimum (18O=–9.53‰), very close to the average value of the Western Desert Nubian Sandstone (18O=–10‰), where the local structural and lithologic conditions retard groundwater flow and the main bulk of water becomes noncyclic. The continuity of the aquifer in northern and central Sinai is evidenced by the isotopic similarity between samples taken from above and below the central Sinai Ragabet El-Naam fault, the distribution of potentiometric head, and hydrogeological cross sections. The combination of isotopic composition in terms of 18O and chemical composition in terms of TDS and salt contents is the basis for separating the studied groundwater into groups that reflect the recharge sources and isotopic and chemical modifications during flow. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

3.
Major element concentrations, stable (δ18O and δ2H) and radiogenic (3H, 14C) isotopes determined in groundwater provided useful initial tracers for understanding the processes that control groundwater mineralization and identifying recharge sources in semi-arid Cherichira basin (central Tunisia).Chemical data based on the chemistry of several major ions has revealed that the main sources of salinity in the groundwaters are related to the water–rock interaction such as the dissolution of evaporitic and carbonate minerals and some reactions with silicate and feldspar minerals.The stable isotope compositions provide evidence that groundwaters are derived from recent recharge. The δ18O and δ2H relationships implied rapid infiltration during recharge to both the Oligocene and Quaternary aquifers, with only limited evaporation occurring in the Quaternary aquifer.Chemical and isotopic signatures of the reservoir waters show large seasonal evolution and differ clearly from those of groundwaters.Tritium data support the existence of recent recharge in Quaternary groundwaters. But, the low tritium values in Oligocene groundwaters are justified by the existence of clay lenses which limit the infiltration of meteoric water in the unsaturated zone and prolong the groundwater residence time.Carbon-14 activities confirm that groundwaters are recharged from the surface runoff coming from precipitation.  相似文献   

4.
刘梦娇  王勇  张耀华  李果 《中国岩溶》2015,34(5):486-494
通过对重庆市北碚区大气降水和马鞍溪上游龙滩子水库水的氢氧同位素进行的一个水文年（2014年）的样品采集监测,研究了降水与水库的水的氢氧同位素之间的变化特征和规律。结果表明:(1)北碚区大气降水线方程为δD=8.82δ18O+18.97,r=0.99,n=101,P<0.01,δD、δ18O相关性极为显著,该区大气降水线斜率和截距大于全球大气降水线和中国大气降水线,表明研究区主要受西南季风和东南季风双重影响所致;(2)大气降水中δD、δ18O具有明显的季节变化,夏半年偏负,冬半年偏正;(3)大气降水中的δD、δ18O与降水量及温度呈现负相关关系,降水量效应显著,并且该效应远远掩盖了温度效应;(4)水库中水的δD、δ18O具有极好的相关性,其δD、δ18O样点落于全球大气降水线和区域大气降水线附近,并且水库中水d的变化趋势与降水d基本一致,表明前者主要补给来源是降水,而水库中水的δD、δ18O和d的变化幅度远远小于降水,表明前者不仅受降水补给,还受土壤水和地下水的补给。   相似文献   

5.
Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope in water bodies is a widely used tracer in hydrological process studies. In order to provide a basis for stable isotopic characteristics in different water bodies at the high mountainous area of northwestern Tibetan Plateau, samples for river water, groundwater, soil water, and plant water were collected from 10 sites in the Qilian Mountains during July and August 2015, and then analyzed for δ18O and δD, respectively. Results indicated that the stable isotope values of soil water were mostly plotted below the global meteoric water line (GMWL), which suggested that evaporation made heavy isotope in soil water enriched. The stable isotope values of soil water were quite different in the top soil layer, but tended to be uniform in the deep soil layer. Furthermore, the stable isotope difference of plant water is related to climatic conditions, water isotopes utilized by plant, plant species, growing season, and so on. Additionally, the variation of δ18O values for river water and groundwater relatively coincided with each other, and this showed the recharge sources of above two water bodies may be consistent. The stable isotope values of river water and groundwater were mainly plotted on the upper left of GMWL, and the lower level of isotopic fractionation due to weak evaporation may accountable for this.  相似文献   

6.
The recharge and origin of groundwater and its residence time were studied using environmental isotopic measurements in samples from the Heihe River Basin, China. δ18O and δD values of both river water and groundwater were within the same ranges as those found in the alluvial fan zone, and lay slightly above the local meteoric water line (δD=6.87δ18O+3.54). This finding indicated that mountain rivers substantially and rapidly contribute to the water resources in the southern and northern sub-basins. δ18O and δD values of groundwater in the unconfined aquifers of these sub-basins were close to each other. There was evidence of enrichment of heavy isotopes in groundwater due to evaporation. The most pronounced increase in the δ18O value occurred in agricultural areas, reflecting the admixture of irrigation return flow. Tritium results in groundwater samples from the unconfined aquifers gave evidence for ongoing recharge, with mean residence times of: less than 36 years in the alluvial fan zone; about 12–16 years in agricultural areas; and about 26 years in the Ejina oasis. In contrast, groundwater in the confined aquifers had 14C ages between 0 and 10 ka BP.  相似文献   

7.
Assessing the seasonal variation of groundwater recharge is important for effective management of groundwater resources. Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen were used to estimate the sources of groundwater and seasonal contributions of precipitation to groundwater recharge in Chih-Pen Creek basin of eastern Taiwan. Based on the isotopes of precipitation (n = 177), two different local meteoric water regression lines (LMWL) can be obtained for the different seasons: δD = 8.0618O + 10.08 for wet season precipitation (May through October) and δD = 8.65δ18O + 17.09 for dry season precipitation (November through April). The slope and intercept of regression line for wet season precipitation are virtually identical to the global meteoric water line (GMWL) of Craig (1961). In contrast to during dry season precipitation due to evaporation effect the intercept of 17.09 is much higher than of the GMWL of 10. The results show the stable isotopes compositions of precipitation decrease with increasing rainfall amount and air temperature, due to the amount effect of precipitation is pronounced. The amount effect is clearly but do not show the temperature effect from January to December 2007. Using a mass-balance equation, a comparison of deuterium excess or d values of precipitation and groundwater indicates the groundwater consist of 76% wet season precipitation and 24% dry season precipitation, representing a distinct seasonal variation of groundwater recharge in study area. About 79% of the groundwater is recharged from the river water of the mountain watershed and 21% is from the rain that falls on the basin.  相似文献   

8.
The characteristics of δD and δ18O in precipitation, groundwater and surface water have been used to understand the groundwater flow system in the Ordos Plateau, north-central China. The slope of the local meteoric water line (LMWL) is smaller than that of the global meteoric water line (GMWL), which signifies secondary evaporation during rainfall. The distribution of stable isotopes of precipitation is influenced by temperature and the amount of precipitation. The lake water is enriched isotopically due to evaporation and its isotopic composition is closely related to the source of recharge and location in the groundwater flow systems. River water is enriched isotopically, indicating that it suffers evaporation. The deep groundwater (more than 150?m) is depleted in heavy isotopes relative to the shallow groundwater (less than 150?m), suggesting that deep groundwater may have been recharged during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, when the climate was wetter and colder than at present. All groundwater samples plot around the LMWL, implying groundwater is of meteoric origin. Shallow groundwater has undergone evaporation and the average evaporation loss is 53%. There are two recharge mechanisms: preferential flow, and the mixture of evaporated soil moisture and subsequent rain.  相似文献   

9.
Analyses of environmental isotopes (18O, 2H, and 87Sr/86Sr) are applied to groundwater studies with emphasis on saline groundwater in aquifers in the Keta Basin, Ghana. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of groundwater and surface water of the Keta Basin primarily reflect the geology and the mineralogical composition of the formations in the catchments and recharge areas. The isotopic compositions of 18O and 2H of deep groundwater have small variations and plot close to the global meteoric water line. Shallow groundwater and surface water have considerably larger variations in isotopic compositions, which reflect evaporation and preservation of seasonal fluctuations. A significant excess of chloride in shallow groundwater in comparison to the calculated evaporation loss is the result of a combination of evaporation and marine sources. Groundwaters from deep wells and dug wells in near-coastal aquifers are characterized by relatively high chloride contents, and the significance of marine influence is evidenced by well-defined mixing lines for strontium isotopes, and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, with isotopic compositions of seawater as one end member. The results derived from environmental isotopes in this study demonstrate that a multi-isotope approach is a useful tool to identify the origin and sources of saline groundwater. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

10.
Groundwater is the major source of water and a critical resource for socioeconomic development in semi-arid environments like the Johannesburg area. Environmental isotopes are employed in this study to characterise groundwater recharge and flow mechanisms in the bedrock aquifers of Johannesburg, which is known for polluted surface water. With the exception of boreholes near the Hartbeespoort Dam, groundwater in the study area was derived from meteoric water that has undergone some degree of evaporation before recharge, possibly via diffuse mechanisms. Boreholes that tap groundwater from the Transvaal Supergroup Formation show depletion in δ18O and δ2H values. This is attributed to diffuse recharge through weathering fractures at high elevation that are undergoing deep circulation or recharge from depleted rainfall from the high-latitude moisture sources. The influence of focused recharge from the Hartbeespoort Dam was observed in the boreholes north of the dam, possibly as a result of the north–south trending fault lines and the north-dipping fractures in the bedding planes of quartzites. This is also supported by a reservoir water budget method which indicated a mean annual net flux of 2,084,131 m3 from Hartbeespoort Dam recharging groundwater per annum. Using tritium in the dam and boreholes located at 750 m and 5400 m downstream, average groundwater flow velocity was estimated as 202 m/year. An open system was observed in shale, andesite and granitic-gneiss aquifers indicating soil CO2 as a dominant source of carbon (δ13C) in groundwater. A closed system was also observed in dolomitic aquifers indicating carbonate dissolution as the predominant source of carbon.  相似文献   

11.
The Caohai Wetland serves as an important ecosystem on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and as a nationally important nature reserve for migratory birds in China. In this study, surface water, groundwater and wetland water were collected for the measurement of environmental isotopes to reveal the seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ18O, δD), sources of water, and groundwater inflow fluxes. Results showed that surface water and groundwater are of meteoric origin. The isotopes in samples of wetland water were well mixed vertically in seasons of both high-flow (September) and low-flow (April); however, marked seasonal and spatial variations were observed. During the high-flow season, the isotopic composition in surface wetland water varied from ?97.13 to ?41.73‰ for δD and from ?13.17 to ?4.70‰ for δ18O. The composition of stable isotopes in the eastern region of this wetland was lower than in the western region. These may have been influenced by uneven evaporation caused by the distribution of aquatic vegetation. During the low-flow season, δD and δ18O in the more open water with dead aquatic vegetation ranged from ?37.11 to ?11.77‰, and from ?4.25 to ?0.08‰, respectively. This may result from high evaporation rates in this season with the lowest atmospheric humidity. Groundwater fluxes were calculated by mass transfer and isotope mass balance approaches, suggesting that the water sources of the Caohai Wetland were mainly from groundwater in the high-flow season, while the groundwater has a smaller contribution to wetland water during the low-flow season.  相似文献   

12.
Stable isotope data for the Hueco Bolson aquifer (Texas, USA and Chihuahua, Mexico) distinguish four water types. Two types relate to recharge from the Rio Grande: pre-dam (pre-1916) river water with oxygen-18 and deuterium (δ18O, δD, ‰) from (?11.9, ?90) to (?10.1, ?82), contrasts with present-day river water (?8.5, ?74) to (?5.3, ?56). Pre-dam water is found beneath the Rio Grande floodplain and Ciudad Juárez, and is mixed with post-dam river water beneath the floodplain. Two other types relate to recharge of local precipitation; evidence of temporal change of precipitation isotopes is present in both types. Recharge from the Franklin and Organ Mountains plots between (?10.9, ?76) and (?8.5, ?60) on the global meteoric water line (GMWL), and is found along the western side of the Hueco Bolson, north of the Rio Grande. Recharge from the Diablo Plateau plots on an evaporation trend originating on the GMWL near (?8.5, ?58). This water is found in the southeastern Hueco Bolson, north of the river; evaporation may be related to slow recharge through fine-grained sediment. Pre-dam water, recognizable by isotope composition, provides information on groundwater residence times in this and other dammed river basins.  相似文献   

13.
成都地区大气降水稳定同位素组成反应的气候特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
吴旭东 《四川地质学报》2009,29(1):52-54,58
分析了1986-1998年成都地区大气降水的稳定同位素组成。夏季降水的δD和δ^18O值比冬季降水轻,反映了季风气候的降水特点。成都地区的大气降水线方程是：δD=1．42＋7．530δ^18O,与全球和中国降水线方程相比,表明了成都地区的蒸发程度稍大于降雨,说明成都地区大气降水的不平衡蒸发程度弱,反映了海洋性气候特征。成都地区大气降水δ^18O与降雨量、温度和水汽压之间都是负相关关系。但是降雨量对大气降水δ^18O的影响最大。  相似文献   

14.
用氢氧稳定同位素评价闽江河口区地下水输入   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
通过分析闽江河口区降水、地表水和地下水的氢氧稳定同位素特征,揭示降水的环境同位素效应和地下水的形成演化规律,定量评价河口区多种水体的混合过程及地下水输入量。夏季的降水氢氧同位素组成相对贫化,呈现出降雨量效应。在δ18O与δD关系图上,闽江北岸基岩裂隙水、平原及丘陵区浅层地下水均落在福州降水线上,而南岸平原及丘陵区浅层地下水大部分落在福州降水线右下方,其拟合线与降水线交点与5~9月农灌期降水氢氧同位素加权值接近,表明北岸地下水主要来自降水补给,而南岸地下水同时接受灌溉水和降水补给,并在入渗过程中经历了不同程度的蒸发作用。闽江河口段除接受两岸地下水补给外,局部河段还接受断裂带裂隙水补给。将线性端元混合模型、数字高程模型和地下水文分析法结合起来定量评价地下水的输入和各水体的混合过程,结果显示,在河口段淡水区,地下水混合比率上限为8.8%,其中包括0.4%的断裂带裂隙水;在河口段淡咸水混合区,淡水(河水、地下水)和海水的混合比为53:47,其中地下水的保守混合比率为1.7%;枯水期闽江河口段地下水保守输入量为87.0 m3/s,是闽江径流量的12.8%。  相似文献   

15.
黄土丘陵区降水-土壤水-地下水转化实验研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文
通过对黄土丘陵区燕沟流域2005~2007年雨季的多次降水、0~400 cm土层土壤水、沟道地表水、地下水(泉水、井水)水样中D和18O采样分析,研究了该区降水、土壤水、地表水、地下水的转化关系.结果认为:燕沟流域的降水线与中国、世界的降水线有明显区别,斜率和截距偏小;降水、地表水、土壤水、地下水逐渐富集δD和δ18O,且δ18O富集速度高于δD,由D和18O的蒸发分馏差异所致,可利用各类水体的δD和δ18O变化情况甄别水体之间的水量转化;土壤水δD和δ18O剖面在200 cm深度处出现低值区,应是降水补给到达该深度且土壤蒸发影响逐渐衰减共同作用的结果,其在200 cm以下逐渐升高则因为降水补给影响逐渐降低、土壤水本底同位素影响增强所致.由于380~400 cm深层土壤水的δD和δ18O对降水事件的响应存在,因此认为降水-地下水的转化存在,降水补给泉水的滞后期小于35 d.而对井水的补给滞后时间以及土壤水对地下水的补给量还需进一步研究.  相似文献   

16.
In this study, combining interpretations of conservative dissolved ions and environmental isotopes in water were used to investigate the main factors and mechanisms controlling groundwater salinization and hydrogeochemical processes in the Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic study has been carried out for 61 water samples from the study area. Total dissolved solid (TDS) contents of groundwater are highly variable rising along flowpath from the south (410 mg/L) to the north (14,784 mg/L), implying significant deterioration and salinization of groundwater. Based on TDS and ionic ratios, groundwater samples were classified into three groups. In low-saline groups, water chemistry is greatly influenced by cation exchange, mineral dissolution/precipitation, anthropogenic pollutants and mixing with surface water. Whilst, in high-saline groups, water chemistry is affected by salt-water intrusion, reverse cation exchange and evaporation. The chemical constituents originating from saline water sources, reverse ion exchange and mineral dissolution are successfully differentiated using ionic delta and saturation index approaches. The δ18O–δ2H relationship plots on a typical evaporation line, suggesting potential evaporation of the recharging water prior to infiltration. Isotope evidence concludes that the groundwater have been considerably formed by mixing between depleted meteoric water recharged under different climatic conditions and recently infiltrating enriched surface water and excess of irrigation water. The δ18O data in conjunction with chloride concentrations provide firm evidence for impact of dissolution of marine-origin evaporite deposits, during past geologic periods, on groundwater salinity in the northern region. Moreover, the relation between 14C activities and Cl? concentration confirms this hypothesis.  相似文献   

17.
Groundwater recharge and evolution in the Quaternary aquifer beneath the Dunhuang Basin was investigated using chemical indicators, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon data to provide guidance for regional water management. The quality of groundwater and surface water is generally good with low salinity and it is unpolluted. The dissolution of halite and sylvite from fine-grained sediments controls concentrations of Na+ and K+ in the groundwater, but Na+/Cl− molar ratios >1 in all samples are also indicative of weathering of feldspar contributing to excess Na+. The dissolution of carbonate minerals yields Ca2+ to the groundwater, thereby exerting a strong influence on groundwater salinity. The δ18O and δ2H values in unconfined groundwater are enriched along the groundwater flow path from SW to NE. In contrast, confined groundwater was depleted in heavy isotopes, with mean values of −10.4‰ δ18O and −74.4‰ δ2H. Compared with the precipitation values, all of the groundwater samples were strongly depleted in heavy isotopes, indicating that modern direct recharge to the groundwater aquifers in the plains area is quite limited. The unconfined water is generally young with radiocarbon values of 64.9–79.6 pmc. In the northern basin, radiocarbon content in the confined groundwater is less than 15 pmc and an uncorrected age of ∼15 ka, indicates that this groundwater was recharged during a humid climatic phases of the late Pleistocence or early Holocene. The results have important implications for inter-basin water allocation programmes and groundwater management in the Dunhuang Basin.  相似文献   

18.
The area of the Bida basin is lacking in essential data for effective groundwater management. Hydrological studies using environmental isotopes (2H,3H,13C,18O) were carried out in the basin during the 1987–1988 hydrological year on samples of rainfall, streams, springs, and groundwater. The results obtained results do not indicate the presence of paleowaters; rather all groundwaters in the basin are found to be of meteoric origin as bothD and 18O values of the samples, plotted in the conventional way, align with the meteoric water line (MWL). Moreover, these data show the deeper, and apparently older, groundwater to be more depleted in the heavy stable isotopes than the shallower, relatively younger groundwaters, indicating recharge under cooler climatic conditions for the former. Measured tritium values range from 0.7 to 23.8 TU and show a variation with both depth and lithology, while at the same time indicating that active recent recharge is taking place basin-wide. The few13C data available were used to illustrate the effect of pumping on the carbonate geochemistry of the groundwaters. Also, the stable isotope data from the basin were compared with similar data from other parts of the country to show the continental effect.  相似文献   

19.
Ayadi  Rahma  Trabelsi  Rim  Zouari  Kamel  Saibi  Hakim  Itoi  Ryuichi  Khanfir  Hafedh 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(4):983-1007

Major element concentrations and stable (δ18O and δ2H) and radiogenic (3H and 14C) isotopes in groundwater have proved useful tracers for understanding the geochemical processes that control groundwater mineralization and for identifying recharge sources in the semi-arid region of Sfax (southeastern Tunisia). Major-ion chemical data indicate that the origins of the salinity in the groundwater are the water–rock interactions, mainly the dissolution of evaporitic minerals, as well as the cation exchange with clay minerals. The δ18O and δ2H relationships suggest variations in groundwater recharge mechanisms. Strong evaporation during recharge with limited rapid water infiltration is evident in the groundwater of the intermediate aquifer. The mixing with old groundwater in some areas explains the low stable isotope values of some groundwater samples. Groundwaters from the intermediate aquifer are classified into two main water types: Ca-Na-SO4 and Ca-Na-Cl-SO4. The high nitrate concentrations suggest an anthropogenic source of nitrogen contamination caused by intensive agricultural activities in the area. The stable isotopic signatures reveal three water groups: non-evaporated waters that indicate recharge by recent infiltrated water; evaporated waters that are characterized by relatively enriched δ18O and δ2H contents; and mixed groundwater (old/recent) or ancient groundwater, characterized by their depleted isotopic composition. Tritium data support the existence of recent limited recharge; however, other low tritium values are indicative of pre-nuclear recharge and/or mixing between pre-nuclear and contemporaneous recharge. The carbon-14 activities indicate that the groundwaters were mostly recharged under different climatic conditions during the cooler periods of the late Pleistocene and Holocene.

  相似文献   

20.
The stable isotopic characteristics were used together with the total chloride to assess changes in groundwater from recharge zones into the carbonate aquifer in an arid environment. The aquifer under study represents a major source of groundwater and thermal springs in Al-Ain city, which are located at the northern part of Jabal Hafit in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The relationship between oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of groundwater is established and is described by δD?=?2.2δ18O???9.96. The lower slope and y-intercept of groundwater samples relative to the local meteoric waterline suggests that the isotopic enrichment is due to the evaporation of shallow groundwater after recharge occurs. The majority of the shallow groundwater samples have a negative deuterium excess (d-excess) which might be ascribed to high a degree of evaporation, while most of the groundwater samples from deep wells, have a positive value of d-excess which may be related to a low degree of evaporation. The δ18O values of the thermal waters suggest enrichment towards δ18O of the carbonate rocks because of the exchange with oxygen at higher temperatures. A possible mixing between thermal or hot water and shallow groundwater is evident in some samples as reflected by δD vs. Cl and d-excess vs. δ18O plots.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号