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《矿产与地质》2017,(1)
达龙矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,为一大型钨钼多金属矿床,工程控制其倾向延伸超过1000m。文章系统总结了达龙矿床地质特征,矿床类型为受构造控制的脉状矽卡岩型钨钼多金属矿床,研究发现其垂向上蚀变与矿化分带明显,蚀变分带为(硅化)辉石石榴子石磁黄铁矿矽卡岩化带→(绢云母)磁黄铁矿石榴子石辉石矽卡岩化带→石榴子石黄铁绢英岩化带→黄铁绢英岩绿帘石化带→(石榴子石)绿泥石绿帘石化带,矿化分带为:块状钼钨矿化带→脉状钨(钼)矿化带→细网脉状(铜铅锌)钨矿化带→网脉浸染状铅锌矿化带→脉状铜铅锌矿化带,该矿床蚀变与矿化分带的划分可指导冈底斯成矿带东段同类型矿床的深部找矿。 相似文献
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西藏革吉县尕尔穷铜金矿矽卡岩特征及成因意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对矽卡岩岩石学特征、矿物学特征研究,发现矽卡岩主要产于大理岩和石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩接触带上,垂向上多有大理岩-硅化角岩-矽卡岩化大理岩-硅灰石矽卡岩-透辉石矽卡岩-石榴子石矽卡岩-石英闪长岩的分带特征。矽卡岩岩石地球化学特征、稀土元素和微量元素特征显示矽卡岩主要为钙矽卡岩,具有弱Eu负异常和轻稀土富集等特征;同时具有富集Rb、Th、Cs、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Hf、Ti、Y等高场强元素特征。矽卡岩地球化学特征受大理岩和石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩的控制和影响,显示其与大理岩、石英闪长岩和花岗斑岩成因上有密切关系。通过对班公湖-怒江成矿带成矿背景和时空关系的讨论,指示了尕尔穷矿床成因是与岩浆热液有关的接触交代型矿床。 相似文献
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内蒙古朝不楞铁铜锌铋矿床位于二连浩特-东乌旗多金属成矿带的东段,其矿化蚀变沿着花岗岩体与围岩的接触带分布。在外接触带,大理岩热液蚀变形成了进化矽卡岩,由石榴子石、辉石、硅灰石和方解石组成,泥质砂岩蚀变成角岩,由角闪石、黑云母、长石和石英组成。矽卡岩或角岩经退化蚀变形成了铁氧化物矿化,由磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和镜铁矿组成,伴随有绿帘石、方解石、萤石和黑云母蚀变;晚期热液退化蚀变形成了硫化物,由黄铜矿、白铁矿、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、闪锌矿、辉铋矿和自然铋组成,伴随有透闪石、绿泥石、萤石、石英和方解石蚀变。在内接触带,花岗岩的热液蚀变形成了钾化,由钾长石、黑云母和少量石榴子石组成,随后被退化绿帘石、方解石和少量磁铁矿交代;晚期退化蚀变形成了硫化物脉,伴随有黑云母、方解石、石英和萤石蚀变。流体包裹体爆裂温度结果表明,该矿床形成于浅成（1.7~3.5 km）、高温环境,成矿热液具有从高温向低温多阶段演化的冷却史。矿床的地质、矿物组合特征及成矿物理化学条件显示出该矿床属于浅成、高温、近端的矽卡岩型矿床。 相似文献
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安徽池州铜山铜矿床元素地球化学分带特征及意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
铜山铜矿是长江中下游成矿带内安庆-贵池矿集区中的一个中型矽卡岩型矿床,矿体赋存于铜山岩体与下二叠统栖霞组碳酸盐岩间的接触带内.典型剖面系统取样分析结果显示:从岩浆岩、矽卡岩到碳酸盐岩,元素地球化学组成总体上表现为渐变分带特征,即靠近岩体的矽卡岩富集Si、Fe、Mg及亲铁元素Co和亲铜元素Cu、Ag;远离岩体的矽卡岩富集Ca、Mn、Al、Ti、REE和亲铜元素Pb、Zn;远离大理岩带的强硅化蚀变岩富集Si、Fe、Li和Co,而强烈亏损Ca、Sr和REE.这种分带可以依据元素活化迁移理论加以解释.在矽卡岩形成过程中,岩浆热液携带Si、Fe、Mg、Al、Li、REE、大离子亲石元素Rb、Cs、亲铁亲铜元素Co、V、Zn以及高场强元素Ta、Zr、Nb、Hf、Ga、Be向大理岩迁移并富集于形成的矽卡岩中;大理岩中的Ca被活化后进入矽卡岩体系,而Sr、K及Pb则随流体搬运迁出.蚀变及矿化较弱的矽卡岩稀土总量较高(ΣREE=122.0×10-6),LREE富集[(La/Sm)N =3.99],HREE亏损[(Gd/Yb)N=2.85],Eu显示负异常(δEu =0.69),重稀土配分形式与新鲜石英二长斑岩相似,但La、Ce等轻稀土元素相对亏损.矽卡岩剖面元素分带特征及稀土配分模式指示铜山矽卡岩铜矿床为接触交代成因.结合已有氢氧同位素结果,认为铜山铜矿成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液,在矽卡岩退化蚀变和成矿期间有大气降水混入成矿流体. 相似文献
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安庆铜铁矿床系长江中下游铁铜成矿带中一典型矽卡岩型矿床.矿体产于月山岩体与下三叠统南陵湖组碳酸盐岩之间的接触带,外接触带矽卡岩中透辉石富集,以铁铜矿化为主;内接触带矽卡岩中石榴子石富集,以铜矿化为主.岩相学研究表明研究区含铜矽卡岩演化经历了矽卡岩期和热液蚀变期,其中,矽卡岩期包括早期矽卡岩阶段、磁铁矿阶段和晚期矽卡岩阶段;热液蚀变期包括早期热液交代阶段、石英-硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段.大规模的黄铜矿化发生于石英-硫化物阶段.矿物学研究表明,石榴子石均为钙铁榴石,早期矽卡岩阶段的粒状石榴子石发育韵律环带,其FeO和Al2O3含量表现为振荡变化.与粒状石榴子石相比,晚期矽卡岩阶段脉状石榴子石的And组分更高.早期矽卡岩阶段的粒状辉石为透辉石,具有环带结构,由核部到边部MgO含量减少,FeO含量增加;晚期矽卡岩阶段的脉状辉石为钙铁辉石.空间上,从外接触带到内接触带,辉石的MgO含量与石榴子石的Al2O3含量分别减少,而FeO含量均分别增加.岩相学、矿物学,结合已有地球化学研究成果综合表明,安庆铜铁矿矽卡岩为岩浆热液接触交代成因,Mg来自碳酸盐岩,由外带向内带迁移;Fe来自岩浆热液,由内带向外带迁移,由于磁铁矿阶段的温压条件改变,Fe在外接触带以磁铁矿的形式沉淀富集. 相似文献
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冬瓜山铜矿床是铜陵矿集区狮子山矿田中的主要矿床,对于该矿床中斑岩型成矿作用的研究缺乏。本文对冬瓜山矿床深部是否存在斑岩型矿体、斑岩型矿化特征及其与层状矽卡岩型矿化的关系等问题开展研究。冬瓜山矿床深部具有斑岩型矿化的蚀变类型和蚀变分带特征,矿化可分为钾硅酸盐阶段和石英硫化物阶段两个成矿阶段,斑岩型蚀变分带在空间上向外与矽卡岩化带过渡。斑岩型矿化的石英闪长岩形成年龄为140 Ma,与上部层状矽卡岩型矿化相关的石英/辉石二长闪长岩应为同期闪长质岩浆形成。深部斑岩型矿化的成矿流体具有由高温向中温演化的特点,与浅部层状矽卡岩型矿化的成矿流体具有相似的演化趋势,二者的成矿流体应该为一个热液系统,深部岩体内部流体演化形成斑岩型矿化,而接触带部位流体演化形成矽卡岩型矿化。 相似文献
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青藏高原甲玛斑岩成矿系统首例3000 m科学深钻的初步认识 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
青藏高原碰撞造山带中复杂的地质结构、深部矿产资源潜力和高效的勘查评价技术体系一直是地质学家关注的焦点,也是亟需攻克的重要科学难题.受国家重点研发计划-深地专项资助,在冈底斯成矿带甲玛斑岩成矿系统实施首个3000 m科学深钻.通过多次研讨和反复论证,确定科学施工位置、角度以及施工工艺.历时488天的施工,完成了科学深钻,总进尺3003.33 m.该科学深钻直接揭示甲玛超大型斑岩成矿系统3000 m以浅的地质信息:浅部为角岩型铜钼矿体、中部为矽卡岩型铜多金属矿体、深部为斑岩型钼铜矿体以及核部蚀变与矿化均不发育的无矿核.角岩中主要为细脉浸染状的黄铜矿、辉钼矿化,并发育黑云母化和弱绿泥石化蚀变.矽卡岩中从上到下具有清晰的分带结构,即石榴子石绿泥石角岩、绿泥石石榴子石角岩、透辉石石榴子石矽卡岩、石榴子石矽卡岩、石榴子石硅灰石矽卡岩、硅灰石矽卡岩、矽卡岩化大理岩.矿化主要为浸染状的斑铜矿、黄铜矿、辉钼矿.深部斑岩为复式岩体,主要为二长花岗斑岩,侵位较早,后被花岗闪长斑岩、石英闪长玢岩等以岩脉的形式穿切侵位.花岗闪长斑岩与矽卡岩关系最为密切.多相的复式斑岩体也揭示了甲玛斑岩成矿系统的无矿核.根据现有工业指标,科学深钻共计探获21层矿体,累计厚度583.46 m,以铜、钼矿化为主,局部发育钨矿化,同时伴生金、银矿化.甲玛科学深钻首次直接揭示青藏高原3000 m以浅的地质信息和斑岩成矿系统结构,为青藏高原地质结构研究提了科学样品,也为深部资源探测和勘查技术体系研究提供了关键支撑.后续将针对其开展详细的地球化学分析、地球物理测井、高光谱测量以及指针矿物分析等研究,并结合地表勘查评价成果,建立3000 m以浅的多元信息综合勘查评价模型,进而定位预测深部矿产资源,实现增储示范. 相似文献
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The Tongshan skarn-type copper deposit is located in the Anqing–Guichi ore cluster of the iron–copper metallogenic belt which occurs along the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Valley, China. In the study area, skarnization and mineralization took place along the contact zone between carbonates and granodiorite porphyries. The contact zone shows significant horizontal and vertical variations in alteration and mineralization. In the horizontal direction, the garnet content is high in the skarns near the intrusive body (proximal skarns), the diopside content is high farther from the intrusive body (distal skarns), and hedenbergite is concentrated in the skarns adjacent to the marble zone. Limestones located far from the marble zone experienced a strong silicification. In the vertical direction (from higher to lower levels), the rocks change from hornfels to calcareous skarn to magnesian skarn. Mineralogical studies show that the skarns near the intrusion are relatively oxidized, and the garnet in the skarns is relatively andradite rich. High concentrations of Cu are found in the porphyries with quartz veins, as well as in the calcic skarns, magnesian skarns, hornfelses, and marbles, which are located at distances of 13, 10, 43 and 25 m from the porphyries, respectively. High concentrations of Zn are found in silicified limestones and skarns located even farther from the porphyries. The present findings suggest that the Tongshan deposit was subjected to prograde alteration and mineralization, followed by retrogression. The alteration can be divided into a sequence of stages: contact metamorphism, prograde metasomatism, early retrogression, and late retrogression. The copper mineralization occurred mainly during the early retrogression, and the copper was further enriched in quartz veins within the porphyries during the late stages of magma evolution. 相似文献
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The Jiama deposit is a large copper deposit in Tibet. Mineralization occurs in three different host rocks: skarn, hornfels and porphyry. A detailed fluid inclusion study was conducted for veins in the different host rocks to investigate the relationship between fluid evolution and ore-forming processes. Based on examination of cores from 36 drill holes, three types of veins(A, B and D) were identified in the porphyries, four types(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ andⅣ) in the skarn, and three(a, b and c) in the hornfels. The crosscutting relationships of the veins and that of the host rocks suggest two hydrothermal stages, one early and one late stage. Fluid inclusions indicate that the Jiama hydrothermal fluid system underwent at least two episodes of fluid boiling. The first boiling event occurred during the early hydrothermal stage, as recorded by fluid inclusions hosted in type A veins in the porphyries, type a veins in the hornfels, and wollastonite in the skarns. This fluid boiling event was associated with relatively weak mineralization. The second boiling event occurred in the late hydrothermal stage, as determined from fluid inclusions hosted in type B and D veins in the porphyries, type Ⅰ to Ⅳ veins in the skarns, and type b and c veins in the hornfels. This late boiling event, together with mixing with meteoric water, was responsible for more than 90% of the metal accumulation in the deposit. The first boiling only occurred in the central part of the deposit and the second boiling event took place across an entire interlayered structural zone between hornfels and marble. A spatial zoning of ore-elements is evident, and appears to be related to different migration pathways and precipitation temperatures of Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Au and Ag. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1020-1039
The Shizhuyuan deposit is the largest among the economically important polymetallic tungsten deposits in China. The deposit occurs within the thermal aureole of Yanshanian felsic intrusions that were emplaced into Devonian carbonates and marls. The mineralization can be divided into three phases that are genetically associated with three episodes of granitic emplacement-pseudoporphyritic biotite granite, equigranular biotite granite, and granite porphyry. During the emplacement of pseudoporphyritic biotite granite, thermal metamorphism and subsequent skarnization developed around the stock. The pure limestone was transformed to marble, whereas marls and argillite interlayers were changed to a series of metamorphic rocks such as grossular-diopside hornfels, wollastonite hornfels, diopside hornfels, wollastonite-vesuvianite hornfels, muscovite-K-feldspar-anorthite hornfels, and prehnitevermiculite hornfels. Because of the subsequent strong skarn development, most hornfelses later were transformed into skarns. The skarns distributed around the granite stock are mainly calcic. They are massive in structure, and are composed mainly of garnet, pyroxene, vesuvianite, and wollastonite, with interstitial fluorite, scheelite, and bismuthinite. Although there is no cassiterite in the early skarns, their tin contents average 0.1%. The distribution and compositional and mineralogical relationships of skarn minerals suggest that they formed as a result of progressive reactions of a hydrothermal solution with a limestone of generally constant composition, and that the dominant process was progressive removal of Ca and addition of other constituents to the rocks. Following the primary skarn formation, some of the assemblages were retrograded to new assemblages such as fluorite-magnetite-salite rock, magnetite-fluorite-amphibole rock, and magnetite-fluorite-chlorite rock. The retrograde alteration of the skarns is characterized by a progressive addition of fluorine, alkali components, silica, tin, tungsten, and bismuth. A zonation from garnet-pyroxene skarn or garnet skarn, through fluorite-magnetite-salite rock, to magnetite-fluorite-chlorite rock frequently can be recognized in the deposit. All retrograde-altered rocks contain scheelite, cassiterite, molybdenite, and bismuthinite. During the emplacement of equigranular biotite granite, skarn veins several tens of centimeters wide were developed; they contain large crystals of garnet and vesuvianite, and interstitial scheelite, wolframite, cassiterite, and molybdenite. This second stage of mineralization occurs predominantly as coarse and fine stockwork greisens, which were superimposed on the massive skarns and surrounding marble. Such W-Sn-Mo-Bi-bearing greisens can be divided into topaz greisen, protolithionite greisen, muscovite greisen, and margarite greisen. Besides calcic skarn veins and greisens, manganese skarn veinlets also were developed; they consist of rhodonite, spessartine-almandine solid solution, spessartine, and helvite. The distribution of greisens is responsible for a metal zonation—i.e., W-Sn-Mo-Bi and Sn-Be-Cu-F zones from the contact boundary between the granite stock and skarns outward in the deposit. A third stage of mineralization is represented by lead-zinc veins, which also are accompanied by manganese skarns consisting of spessartine, rhodonite, manganese-rich pyroxene, helvite, tephroite, fluorite, tourmaline, and manganese-rich phlogopite. 相似文献
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青海省兴海县赛什塘铜矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赛什塘铜矿位于东昆仑造山带东端的鄂拉山地区,是中国西部重要的矽卡岩型铜矿之一。矽卡岩形成于印支期石英闪长岩与中—下三叠统地层Tb2 1-2岩性段的接触带,矿体主要呈似层状、透镜状产于外接触带矽卡岩中。Tb2 1-2岩性段由中性火山岩、大理岩及变质粉砂岩构成,其中变安山质凝灰岩及安山岩与铜矿化有着密切的空间关系。岩相学研究表明,含铜矽卡岩的形成经历了矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、石英-硫化物阶段及石英-碳酸盐阶段。矽卡岩阶段形成石榴子石、辉石及硅灰石,退化蚀变阶段则形成绿帘石、角闪石及磁铁矿,石英-硫化物阶段大量金属硫化物发生沉淀。电子探针分析表明,石榴子石与辉石矿物组分分别为Gro0.00~91.00And7.02~100.00(Pyr+Alm+Spe)0.00~4.27与Di12.80~98.08Hd2.41~79.80(Jo+Jd+Opx)0.00~13.47,表明其属于典型的钙矽卡岩类。空间上,靠近石英闪长岩与安山岩接触带处,钙铝榴石和绿帘石更富集,而向大理岩的一侧以钙铁榴石为主,并常见硅灰石及含Mn的钙铁辉石。矿物学特征及矿物成分的变化显示:从矽卡岩阶段到石英-硫化物阶段,流体性质呈幕式的变化,成矿流体至少经历了2次氧化还原性质的转变,这种变化可能与成矿流体中大气降水的不断加入有关。赛什塘铜矿属于矽卡岩型矿床,以石英闪长岩为主的岩浆活动携带了大量的热量及流体,侵入到中—下三叠统地层中,与围岩地层发生物质交换的同时,引起了大理岩、变质粉砂岩与中性火山岩之间的双交代作用,是导致矽卡岩和矿体形成的重要机制。 相似文献
15.
湖南柿竹园矽卡岩-云英岩型W-Sn-Mo-Bi矿床地质和成矿作用 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
柿竹园钨多金属矿床由三个阶段不同成矿作用复合叠加而形成。它们分别与似斑状黑云母花岗岩、等粒黑云母花岗岩和花岗斑岩脉有着成因联系。第一阶段矿化包括含矿块状外质矽卡岩和含矿退化蚀变岩；第二阶段为云英岩矿化，在空间上叠加于块状矽卡岩及外部的大理岩；第三阶段为与锰质矽卡岩相伴生的铅锌银矿化。本文详细地描述了前两阶段矿化的地质和成矿地球化学特征，并探讨了其成矿过程。在此基础上，建立了柿竹园矿床的多阶段成矿模 相似文献
16.
17.
江西永平铜矿床蚀变矿化分带、矿石组构及成矿过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
江西永平铜矿床位于江山-绍兴断裂带南缘、北武夷山燕山早期岩浆岩与海西期-印支期信江断裂坳陷带接合带,是一个伴生S-W-Pb-Zn多矿种的层状铜矿床。逆冲推覆构造控制着矿区内晚古生代地层、燕山期岩浆岩及矿体的空间分布,即基底周潭群逆冲推覆到晚古生界地层上,燕山早期黑云母花岗岩-花岗闪长岩、石英斑岩、花岗斑岩等沿逆冲推覆断面侵入,矿体呈层状产在矽卡岩化石炭系叶家湾组中。矿体围岩主要是石榴石矽卡岩、千枚状页岩及矽卡岩化大理岩。本文从矽卡岩分带、矿石组构等方面来刻画永平铜矿成矿精细过程。永平铜矿矿区的探采工程揭示,以火烧岗岩体为中心向外,蚀变矿物组合、石榴石颜色及矽卡岩的含矿性等表现出明显的分带规律,即从岩体到围岩有:石榴石→透辉石→硅灰石矽卡岩矿物分带;红色→棕色→绿色的石榴石颜色分带;矽卡岩含矿性先增加后降低,其中矿体主要在(红)棕色石榴石矽卡岩呈条带状或网脉状产出。矽卡岩型和变质砂页岩型矿石的矿石矿物组成均与硫化物-石英大脉(～10m)中矿石矿物组成相同或相似,均为黄铁矿-白钨矿-(方铅矿)-闪锌矿-黄铜矿,且生成顺序一致,说明矿区内不同类型的矿石是同一成矿热液体系在不同围岩类型及控矿构造中的产物。永平铜矿成矿过程可划分为石榴石、(磁)赤铁矿阶段、白钨矿阶段、铁铜硫化物阶段、铅锌硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段等六个阶段,其中石榴石阶段形成矽卡岩分带,在该阶段晚期形成磁黄铁矿-铁闪石-(黄铜矿)-石英块状矿石;(磁)赤铁矿阶段发育磁铁矿、赤铁矿;白钨矿阶段形成白钨矿及少量黑钨矿;铁铜硫化物阶段是铜硫矿主要矿化阶段,形成块状及脉状黄铜矿矿石;铅锌硫化物阶段是成矿晚期阶段;碳酸盐阶段代表原生成矿过程结束。 相似文献
18.
The Nanling Range in South China hosts numerous world-class W–Sn deposits and some Fe deposits. The Mesozoic Tengtie Fe skarn deposit in the southern Nanling Range is contemporaneous with the regional Sn mineralization. The deposit is composed of numerous ore bodies along the contacts between the late Paleozoic or Mesozoic carbonate rocks and the Yanshanian Lianyang granitic complex. Interaction of the magma with hosting dolomitic limestone and limestone formed calcic (Ca-rich) and magnesian (Mg-rich) skarns, respectively. The Tengtie deposit has a paragenetic sequence of the prograde stage of anhydrous skarn minerals, followed by the retrograde stage of hydrous skarn minerals, and the final sulfide stage. Magnetite in the prograde and retrograde skarn stages is associated with diopside, garnet, chlorite, epidote, and phlogopite, whereas magnetite of the final stage is associated with chalcopyrite and pyrite. Massive magnetite ores crosscut by quartz and calcite veins are present mainly in the retrograde skarn stage. Laser ablation ICP-MS was used to determine trace elements of magnetite from different stages. Some magnetite grains have unusually high Ca, Na, K, and Si, possibly due to the presence of silicate mineral inclusions. Magnetite of the prograde stage has the highest Co contents, but that of the sulfide stage is extremely poor in Co which partitions in sulfides. Magnetite of magnesian skarns contains more Mg, Mn, and Al than that of calcic skarns, attributed to the interaction of the magma with compositionally different host rocks. Magnetite from calcic and magnesian skarns contains 6–185 ppm Sn and 61–1246 ppm Sn, respectively. The high Sn contents are not due to the presence of cassiterite inclusions which are not identified in magnetite. Instead, we believe that Sn resides in the magnetite structure. Regionally, intensive Mesozoic Sn mineralization in South China indicates that concurrent magmatic–hydrothermal fluids may be rich in Sn and contribute to the formation of high-Sn magnetite. Our study demonstrates that trace elements of magnetite can be a sensitive indicator for the skarn stages and wall-rock compositions, and as such, trace elemental chemistry of magnetite can be a potentially powerful fingerprint for sediment provenance and regional mineralization. 相似文献
19.
João Adauto Souza Neto Jean Michel Legrand Marcel Volfinger Marie-Lola Pascal Philippe Sonnet 《Mineralium Deposita》2008,43(2):185-205
The Seridó Mobile Belt (SMB) is located in the Borborema Province in northeastern Brazil and consists of a gneiss basement
(Archean to Paleo-Proterozoic), a metasedimentary sequence (marble, quartzites, and schists), and the Brasiliano igneous suite
(both of Neo-Proterozoic age). In this region, skarns occur within marble and at the marble–schist contact in the metasedimentary
sequence. Most of the skarn deposits have been discovered in the early 1940s, and since then, they have been exploited for
tungsten and locally gold. Recently, the discovery of gold in the Bonfim tungsten skarn has resulted in a better understanding
of the skarn mineralization in this region. The main characteristics of the SMB skarns are that they are dominantly oxidized
tungsten skarns, with the exception of the Itajubatiba and Bonfim gold-bearing skarns, which are reduced based on pyrrhotite
as the dominant sulfide, garnet with high almandine and spessartine component, and elevated gold contents. In the Bonfim deposit,
pressure estimates indicate that the skarns formed at 10- to 15-km depth. The mineralized skarns present the prograde stage
with almandine, diopside, anorthite, and actinolite-magnesio-hornblende, and titanite, apatite, allanite, zircon, and monazite
as accessory minerals. The retrograde stage is characterized by alkali feldspar, clinozoisite–zoisite–sericite, calcite, and
quartz. Scheelite occurs in four ore-shoots distributed within the marble and at the marble–schist contact. The main ore body
is 5–120 cm wide and contains an average of 4.8-wt.% WO3, which occurs in the basal marble–schist contact. Fold hinges appear to control the location of high-grade scheelite. The
late-stage gold mineralization contains bismite (Bi2O3), fluorine-bearing bismite, native bismuth, bismuthinite (Bi2S3), and joseite [Bi4(Te,S)3], and also chlorite, epidote, prehnite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. This gold–bismuth–tellurium mineralization exhibits
a typical late character and occurs as a black fine-grained mineral assemblage controlled by conjugate brittle-ductile faults
(and extensional fractures) that crosscut not only the banding in prograde skarn but also the retrograde alkali feldspar and
clinozoisite–zoisite–sericite assemblage. The Au–Bi–Te-bearing minerals are intergrown with retrograde epidote, prehnite,
chlorite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite, indicating that gold mineralization at Bonfim is linked to a late-stage skarn event.
The polymetallic nature of the Bonfim deposit can be used as an important guide for the exploration of this type of skarn
deposit in the Borborema Province, which potentially contains significant new, undiscovered gold and polymetallic deposits. 相似文献