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1.
红黏土失水易收缩开裂而诱发工程灾害,为抑制或缓减红黏土的收缩特征,添加4%偏高岭土和5%石灰改善其水敏性。按照最优含水率制备压实试样,养护180 d后抽真空饱和,脱湿到预定含水率,随后开展收缩、无侧限抗压强度、吸力和孔隙分析等试验。结果表明,压实红黏土随着含水率降低,其无侧限抗压强度呈现先增大后减少的变化规律,这是脱湿导致的红黏土衍生微裂隙,进而引起结构性损伤所致。红黏土掺入石灰,尤其是掺入石灰-偏高岭土后,虽然脱湿也会引起强度减小,但接近完全干燥时,其强度又会增大。由此说明,偏高岭土协同石灰可以更加有效地抑制红黏土收缩效应,提高其整体强度。究其原因,是偏高岭土含有大量无定形硅、铝氧化物,且呈现边-面“搭接”的独特结构形态,使其能够快速捕获氢氧化钙溶液中的钙离子,在红黏土团（颗）粒间形成了胶结性水化物。 相似文献
2.
红黏土成团现象突出,导致石灰处治红黏土时难以拌和均匀;同时,红黏土呈弱酸性,石灰与黏土会发生互损作用,最终影响处治效果。首先,从水分子与黏土矿物的电荷分布特征角度,解释了红黏土呈弱酸性的原因;然后,通过酸、碱溶液浸泡石灰处治红黏土,模拟石灰-红黏土的互损行为;最后,提出应用偏高岭土抑制"石灰-红黏土"互损的方法。为此,选择两种团粒尺寸的红黏土,掺入不同比例的偏高岭土和石灰,并评价其无侧限抗压强度。结果表明,与仅用石灰处治的红黏土相比,掺入偏高岭土过多或过少都不利于其强度提高,掺量为5%效果最佳,验证了偏高岭土抑制"石灰-红黏土"互损行为的可行性。偏高岭土与石灰快速反应,不仅生成了以离子键结合的硅、铝酸胶结物,还生成了以共价键结合的网状胶结物,而且后者具有明显的抗酸侵蚀能力,从而解释了偏高岭土能够减少石灰-红黏土互损的内在原因。 相似文献
3.
石灰土作为路基填料代替宕渣是一种较为经济的方案,但灰土初始强度低、硬化速率慢、碳化时间长,不利于快速施工,需要进行改良研究。利用偏高岭土与石灰发生火山灰反应的原理改良灰土,通过单轴压缩试验和三轴压缩试验,分析改良灰土冻融循环条件下力学参数变化规律,利用图像处理技术提取改良灰土图像表面孔隙,建立孔隙率与强度的关系,并通过研究龄期、石灰含量和含水率变化规律,分析偏高岭土改良灰土的机制。结果表明：偏高岭土能够有效提高灰土材料反应速率,改善灰土力学特性;偏高岭土在一定程度上能够恢复冻融循环导致的灰土力学性能损失,降低冰晶体产生的孔隙;灰土强度达到最优后,其强度随着石灰的增加而降低,而经偏高岭土改良后其强度将继续增加;火山灰反应比灰土碳化过程消耗更多的水分,有效提高了灰土的抗冻性能。 相似文献
4.
淤泥富含有机质，分解后产生腐殖酸，进而影响淤泥固化效果。仅掺入12%水泥固化淤泥，当标准养护期超过60 d，其强度不增反减。联合掺入3%石灰和12%水泥，固化淤泥的pH值持续180 d处于10.5以上；无侧限抗压强度由750 kPa（养护期28 d）提升到1 500 kPa（120 d），说明借助石灰营造强碱性环境，可以提高水泥固化淤泥的强度；但养护到180 d后，其强度又降到1 250 kPa；钙离子浓度变化规律表明，这是由于腐殖酸溶蚀水泥和石灰的水化胶结物所致。借助偏高岭土卓越的火山灰反应能力，掺入3.0%偏高岭土，提升石灰（3%）?水泥（12%）固化淤泥的耐久性，发现180 d养护期内，其强度始终处于增长趋势，究其原因是偏高岭土富含无定形硅、铝氧化物，具有快速捕获氢氧化钙溶液中钙离子的能力，形成稳定的胶结物，而且不易受腐殖酸的侵蚀作用，证明偏高岭土能够有效提升石灰?水泥固化淤泥长期强度。 相似文献
5.
石灰稳定土工程翻修改造后会产生大量的石灰土弃渣,为避免污染环境和节约工程投资,需重新利用破碎的石灰土进行填筑。但石灰土破碎后强度急剧降低,需要添加胶凝材料提升其力学性能。以重塑石灰土为研究对象,通过添加5%石灰或水泥进行再改良,对比分析两种再改良土的强度和压缩性等力学指标,结果表明,石灰再改良土的力学特性优于水泥再改良土。借助粒度分析、电镜扫描、X衍射和热重分析试验手段揭示了石灰再改良土性能优越的内在机制,发现石灰再改良土中的石灰和石灰土团粒能形成很好的胶结;但水泥未能和石灰土团粒形成有效胶结,自身形成了边-面和边-边接触的片状多孔架构。重塑石灰土残存的氢氧化钙是引起水泥再改良土性能劣于石灰再改良土的主要诱因。 相似文献
6.
中原地区处于季冻区,周期性冻结与融化对遗址土体结构有显著影响。为探究石灰偏高岭土(L-MK)在抗冻融循环方面替代天然水硬性石灰(NHL)用于土遗址修复工作的可行性,以石灰、偏高岭土和遗址土为主要原料,对经历不同冻融循环次数的L-MK改良土试样分别进行质量损失测试、无侧限抗压强度试验和劈裂抗拉强度试验,系统研究其强度特性的冻融循环效应;并取部分试样进行X射线衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)、电镜扫描(SEM)等微观试验,揭示L-MK改良土强度劣化规律的内在机制。结果表明：试验配合比下,L-MK改良土的抗冻性能优于NHL改良土,偏高岭土掺量的增加有助于提高L-MK改良土强度;随着冻融循环次数的增加,L-MK改良土应力-应变曲线的应变软化特征呈减弱趋势,无侧限抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度单调衰减,但经历30次冻融循环后L-MK改良土无侧限抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度分别高于NHL改良土3.79倍和1.16倍以上。这与L-MK及NHL改良土生成的水化产物(CSH和C4AH13等)受冻融循环的影响规律基本一致。 相似文献
7.
《岩土力学》2021,(2)
红黏土易成团,难以打散,用石灰等处治时,实际附着于团粒表面,造成内外混合不均匀。以两种团粒尺寸分布的红黏土(D_(max)=5.0 mm和D_(max)=0.5 mm)为研究对象,开展收缩、压缩和直接剪切等水-力特性试验,评价处治红黏土团粒表层的硬化与粒间胶结效应。研究表明,黏土的团粒尺寸、含水率和处治方式显著影响处治效果。与仅用石灰处治方式相比,偏高岭土-石灰联合处治的方式更好,其压缩性降低、黏聚力提高且收缩性减少;不过,红黏土的团粒尺寸大小也会影响处治效果,团粒尺寸大者的水-力性能改善效果不如尺寸小者。由此推测,经过处治后,红黏土团粒表层形成了"硬壳",提高了团粒的抗压缩能力和表面粗糙度;团粒之间形成了胶结,抑制了其收缩行为,而且提高了黏聚力;但当团粒尺寸变大后,偏高岭土-石灰处治的影响范围局限于团粒表层,团粒尺寸效应削弱了偏高岭土-石灰的处治效果。 相似文献
8.
固化铅污染土的干湿循环耐久性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在商用高岭土、膨润土与商业黄砂混合物中加入硝酸铅溶液,添加水泥和石灰两种固化剂,采用室内压实制样方法获得固化的铅污染土试样。进行干、湿循环试验,测试固化体的质量损失和无侧限抗压强度等参数随干、湿循环次数的变化规律,评价固化铅污染土的干、湿耐久性。测试结果表明,本试验8种配比的试样都满足干、湿循环的要求;黏土矿物为膨润土的试样干、湿循环耐久性比黏土矿物为高岭土的试样要差;水泥固化土的干、湿循环耐久性要略优于石灰固化土;加入 8 000 mg/kg的铅可略增大土体的抗干、湿循环耐久性。水泥和石灰固化/稳定化重金属污染土时,土体中含水率是保证加固效果的关键参数之一。土体中含水率应能满足固化剂充分水化、水解、火山灰和碳酸化反应之需要。 相似文献
9.
石灰稳定红黏土强度的长期碳化效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳化效应是石灰稳定土强度增长机理之一,但长期的碳化作用是否对其强度一直起促进作用？如果没有压实作用,碳化效果到底如何？这些关键问题还没有得到充分的论证。采用灰土拌和后击实养护和养护后再击实的不同制样方法,通过承载比CBR试验,探讨压实作用对碳化效应的影响。制备4种初始含水率的击实试样,开展碳酸溶液和纯水浸泡下的CBR试验,论证长期碳化对石灰稳定土强度的作用效果。结果表明,自然养护90 d后再击实试样的CBR值明显低于击实后养护的试样;初始含水率为34%时前者约为后者的12倍。另外,碳酸溶液浸泡15 d后的试样CBR值均小于纯水浸泡的试样CBR值,但初始含水率越大其影响程度越小,当初始含水率大于34%后两者之间的强度基本没有差别。为进一步佐证长期碳化作用能弱化石灰稳定土的强度,开展不同浸泡时间的无侧限抗压强度试验,发现石灰土的强度呈现先增大后减少的变化趋势,再次证实长期的碳化作用弱化石灰稳定土的强度。最后,利用热重分析法测试经过碳酸溶液浸泡前后的石灰稳定土,发现长期碳化溶解了部分石灰土中的碳酸钙和硅酸盐类胶结物。借助扫描电镜图片和孔隙尺寸分布曲线,从微观角度揭示不同击实和养护方式对石灰稳定土强度的影响机制。 相似文献
10.
以活性氧化镁和微生物共同作用固化的黄土试样为研究对象，通过含水率、无侧限抗压强度、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）等试验，研究了活性氧化镁掺量、养护龄期和初始含水率对固化试样含水率、无侧限抗压强度、固化产物和微观结构等的影响。结果表明：固化试样含水率随氧化镁掺量增加和养护龄期增长而降低；无侧限抗压强度随活性氧化镁掺量（5%～20%）增加而增大，随龄期发展总体上不断增大，但当氧化镁掺量为10%和15%时，后期强度稍有降低；当氧化镁掺量为5%和10%时，无侧限抗压强度随初始含水率增加而减小，而当氧化镁掺量为15%和20%时，无侧限抗压强度随初始含水率增加先增大后减小。XRD和SEM结果显示，随着氧化镁掺量增加，水化后未进一步反应的氢氧化镁越多；反应生成的水合碳酸镁具有膨胀性和胶结性，对土颗粒间缝隙进行填充，并将土颗粒胶结在一起。 相似文献
11.
Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid Nima Latifi Christopher L. Meehan Kalehiwot N. Manahiloh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(6):2613-2623
Many tropical residual laterites have relatively poor engineering properties due to the significant percentage of fine-grained soil particles that they contain, which are formed by the soil weathering process. The widespread presence of laterite soils in tropical regions often requires that some form of soil improvement be performed to allow for their use in various civil engineering applications, such as for road base or subbase construction. One of the most commonly utilized stabilization techniques for laterite soils is the application of additives that chemically react with the minerals that are present in soil to enhance its overall strength; effective soil stabilization can allow for the use of site-specific soils, and can consequently result in significant cost savings for a given project. With an increasing focus on the use of more environmentally friendly and sustainable materials in the built and natural environments, there is an emerging interest in eco-friendly additives that are an alternative to traditional chemical stabilizers. The current study examines the viability of xanthan gum as an environmentally friendly stabilizer that can improve the engineering properties of tropical residual laterite soil. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, standard direct shear tests, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (N2-BET) surface area analysis tests and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) tests were used to investigate the effectiveness of xanthan gum for stabilization of a tropical laterite soil. The UCS test results showed that addition of 1.5% xanthan gum by weight yielded optimum stabilization, increasing the unconfined compressive strength of the laterite soil noticeably. Similarly, direct shear testing of 1.5% xanthan gum stabilized laterite specimens showed increasing Mohr–Coulomb shear strength parameters with increases in curing time. From the FESEM results, it was observed that the stabilization process modified the pore-network morphology of the laterite soil, while also forming new white layers on the surface of the clay particles. Analysis of the test results indicated that xanthan gum stabilization was effective for use on a tropical residual laterite soil, providing an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional soil stabilization additives such as cement or lime. 相似文献
12.
高液限红黏土用于路基填筑时,因其不良的水理特性,需要掺石灰或水泥改良。但红黏土成团现象十分突出,进行灰土拌和时不易达到均匀状态,影响预期改良效果。通过对不同直径的红黏土土团及石灰改良土土团进行承载比试验,结果表明：干密度随着土团直径尺寸的增大呈现先增大后减小的特征,红黏土和石灰土的最大干密度对应的土团直径处在0.2～ 5 mm范围内;而最大承载比CBR值对应的土团直径分别处在5～10 mm和2～5 mm的范围内。石灰土和红黏土的吸水率、膨胀率均随着土团尺寸的增大,呈现先减小后增大的整体变化趋势。在2～10 mm的范围内,两种土的膨胀量最小。石灰改良只对直径小于5 mm的土团的膨胀特性起到明显的抑制作用。可见,现场施工中严格控制土团的大小对保证土体的强度和水稳定性具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
13.
Seyed Esmaeil Mousavi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(1):77-87
Silica fume is identified as a pozzolan and supplementary cementitious material that can utilize to improve the mechanical properties of stabilized soil with cement. Silica fume wherein mixes with cemented soil in a proper dosage, it is susceptible to induce pozzolanic effect in cemented soil due to its fineness and high content of SiO2 and Al2O3. The pozzolanic effect is vital to ensure ongoing strength of stabilized soil with cement. Up to now, stabilization of clay with cement and silica fume is not completely explored. This paper investigates: (i) the capability of utilizing the silica fume as a supplementary material for cement to maximize the filler and pozzolanic effects of compacted and stabilized soil (ii) the mechanical properties of compacted and stabilized clay with various proportions of cement and silica fume. For this purpose, a total of 120 untreated and stabilized soil admixtures were prepared by replacing ordinary Portland cement with silica fume. The influence of partial replacement of cement with silica fume on the bearing capacity, shear and compressive strength of compacted and stabilized soil was investigated. To achieve such aims, the stabilized soil specimens were examined in laboratory under direct shear, unconfined compression and California bearing ratio tests. Based on the findings of this paper the 28-day UCS of the stabilized soil with 2% partial substitution of cement with silica fume is almost 3.5-fold greater than that of the untreated. It was found that the optimum mix design for the stabilized soil is 6% cement and 2% silica fume. In conclusion, a notable discovery is that the partial substitution of cement with 2% silica fume in the optimum mix design significantly refined the pore spaces as a result of pozzolanic activity and filler effect of silica fume. 相似文献
14.
Classification,shear strength,and durability of expansive clayey soil stabilized with lime and perlite 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of perlite and perlite–lime admixtures on classification, shear strength, and durability properties of an expansive soil containing smectite clay minerals. Two types of mixtures, namely soil–perlite and soil–perlite–lime, were prepared with different percentages of perlite and compacted with standard Proctor energy at their optimum water contents. Samples of 38 mm diameter and 76 mm height for durability tests and square samples of 60 mm edge for shear box test were taken and preserved until test time in a desiccator. Disturbed samples were also taken to determine liquid and plastic limits. The expansive soil shows behavior of fine sand and silt due to pozzolanic reactions in microstructure caused by addition of lime and perlite. Although apparent cohesion of treated soil decreased with increasing amount of perlite for both types of samples, perlite–lime-treated samples had higher apparent cohesion than only perlite-treated samples. Large increments in angle of shearing resistance were obtained with increasing usage of perlite. Samples stabilized with only perlite could not show enough durability at the durability tests based on volumetric stability and unconfined compression strength. However, samples stabilized with lime and more than 30 % perlite proved to have enough durability and shear strength. 相似文献
15.
Long-term behavior of lime-stabilized kaolinite clay 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Clay soils create many problems for highway construction and they have to be replaced or improved by stabilization for satisfactory performance. Lime stabilization is a well-established technique to improve the performance of clays. Cementitious minerals form upon mixing of clay with lime causing an improvement in strength and durability. In the study, the changes in the microfabric of long-term cured lime-stabilized kaolinite clay using X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscope and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is presented. Unconfined compression test samples at two different lime contents (4 and 12% by weight) were prepared and cured in a humidity room for long time curing. The UCS of pure kaolinite was originally 125 kPa, which increased to 1,015 kPa after 1 month and to 2,640 kPa (21 times the initial value) after 10 years for cured lime-stabilized kaolinite samples. Similar long-term strength increases were also observed for stabilized kaolinite with 12% lime. Calcium aluminate silicate hydrate minerals were detected in the structure of the kaolinite. This suggests pozzolanic reactions with lime stabilization may continue in the long-term for up to 10 years. 相似文献