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1.
东天山黄山东和黄山西镁铁-超镁铁岩是区域早二叠世大规模幔源岩浆作用的产物,赋存有两个大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床.黄山东和黄山西矿床的主要矿体均赋存于超镁铁岩中,其含矿超镁铁岩的成因机制研究对揭示区域铜镍硫化物成矿作用机制具有重要意义.本文对黄山东和黄山西含矿超镁铁岩进行了详细的电子背散射图像研究,发现其斜长石斑晶存在显著的不平衡结构,并系统进行了电子探针成分剖面分析.结果显示斜长石具有剧烈变化的成分环带,其中黄山东超镁铁岩斜长石An值介于48.6~75.6,黄山西含矿超镁铁岩斜长石An值介于44.9~79.2,表明两个矿床含矿超镁铁岩的母岩浆在侵位过程中发生过显著的成分变化.结合黄山东和黄山西镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体地质特征,本文认为高分异镁铁质岩浆的加入导致了低分异超镁铁质岩浆成分发生显著变化,致使岩浆硫化物熔离,以及黄山东和黄山西大型铜镍硫化物矿床的形成. 相似文献
2.
铜镍硫化物矿床成矿作用及成矿模式研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
铜镍硫化物矿床是典型的岩浆矿床。其成矿岩体是由上地幔的拉斑玄武岩浆在构造动力驱动下，沿深大断裂侵入形成的含矿铁质超基性岩、铁质基性一超基性杂岩和铁质基性岩体。主矿体通常赋存在这些岩体的中下部、底部或根部。主要成矿作用有岩浆熔离作用（包括岩浆就地熔离作用和岩浆深部熔离作用）和硫化作用。其成矿模式为“以岩浆深部熔离作用为主导的脉动式”成矿，形成由多种矿体（包括岩浆就地熔离型、岩浆深部溶离贯入型、晚期贯入型及交代型和岩浆熔离硫化叠加型）构成的复式矿床。 相似文献
3.
含矿岩浆通道对于岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床找矿工作的意义 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
“深部熔离-贯入式”岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床具有矿化比例极高、岩体岩相分带及矿体产状与原地分异、熔离机制不协调的特征.我国对这类矿床深部勘探策略和方法的研究相对滞后,尚未开展深部找矿工作.本文以金川矿床为重点,系统总结和归纳其地质特征和成矿有利部位,对比了与之成因类似的加拿大Voisey＇s Bay超大型岩浆Gu-Ni-Co硫化物矿床的成功勘探经验,阐述了这类矿床沿岩浆通道找矿的前景和巨大潜力.以金川矿床为实例,提出了这类矿床沿含矿岩浆通道开展深部找矿的策略和方法. 相似文献
4.
5.
《西北地质》2020,(3)
东昆仑造山带夏日哈木超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿体全部赋存于Ⅰ号镁铁超镁铁质岩体内,118万t镍,23.8万t铜,4.3万t钴,是迄今为止全球造山带背景发现的规模最大的岩浆镍钴矿床。与传统的大火成岩省、大陆边缘裂谷等成矿构造背景认识明显不同,对其含矿性特点与成矿赋矿机理认识有助于揭示造山带背景岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床形成机制和成矿模式,指示进一步找矿方向和岩体含矿性评价,拓展东昆仑造山带镍钴硫化物矿床的找矿空间,实现找矿新突破。笔者通过对夏日哈木岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床的岩(矿)体地质特点、矿物学及地球化学的研究,并结合前人的区域构造背景研究成果及野外实际,发现地壳S的混染加入是导致夏日哈木镁铁超镁铁质岩浆硫化物熔离的关键因素,斜方辉石含量高的岩相更有利于赋存富矿体。提出夏日哈木超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床是伴随古特提斯洋演化开始大陆裂解、镁铁超镁铁质岩浆多次脉冲叠加硫化物熔离成矿结果的认识,大断裂为地幔岩浆上侵提供了有利条件。东昆仑造山带沿昆北、昆中断裂带于夏日哈木镍钴硫化物矿床北西、南东方位发育的岩体、铁质系列的镁铁超镁铁质岩相是该区域进一步找矿的重要方向。 相似文献
6.
超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床的形成多与大陆裂谷或地幔柱活动密切相关,是何种机制促使深部幔源金属元素超常富集于东昆仑造山带而形成超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床呢?文章通过剖析夏日哈木岩体及矿体基本特征,发现赋矿岩体整体呈东宽西窄的楔状体,以富集轻稀土元素、贫重稀土元素以及Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素的亏损为特征,镍钴矿体主要富集于辉石岩和橄榄岩中,西段矿石富,东段矿石贫,矿石品位与橄榄石含量呈正相关关系.精细矿物学研究发现,寄主矿物"巨型"斜方辉石所包裹的橄榄石Fo值及Ni含量从核部到边部均增高,揭示含矿岩相侵入过程中可能存在至少2次岩浆活动.由橄榄石和铬尖晶石成分分析,推测夏日哈木母岩浆为低Ti、高Mg的拉斑玄武质岩浆,可能起源于软流圈地幔.结合区域构造演化和岩体形成时代,认为东昆仑夏日哈木镁铁-超镁铁质岩体形成于伸展环境,深部部分熔融形成的岩浆多次脉冲上涌叠加,地壳混染对硫化物达到饱和具有关键作用,于柴达木盆地南缘东昆仑造山带中构造薄弱部位成岩成矿,可能是伴随古特提斯洋演化开始大陆裂解岩浆镍钴成矿响应的表现.该认识对丰富造山带中的岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床成矿理论研究、拓宽岩浆镍钴矿床找矿空间与潜力、支撑并指导区域找矿新突破,具有重要作用. 相似文献
7.
与幔源镁铁-超镁铁质岩浆密切相关的铜镍硫化物矿床,因深部地幔动力学机制不同在地球表壳的分布极不均衡。中国岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分布不均匀,主要产出于板块内部或其边缘。为认识中国铜镍矿床的形成特点,进一步明确找矿方向,通过综合分析已有典型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,发现该类矿床基本形成于新元古代晚期、早古生代晚期及晚古生代晚期,且均无一例外地就位于板块内部或其边缘的造山带中,是硫化物熔离后的岩浆多期侵位的结果。通过系统研究岩浆铜镍矿床深部过程及地质、物探、化探、遥感有利成矿信息,结合找矿突破的最新勘查进展,指出中国西北部是岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的重要成矿潜力地区,稳定地块边缘仍是主要的找矿方向。 相似文献
8.
中国岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床是国家镍、钴、铂族元素等战略性关键金属资源的主要来源,是需要特别关注的具有未来价值的重要矿床类型。该类矿床来源于上地幔,特别是软流圈的部分熔融形成的镁铁质、超镁铁质岩浆,硫化物液相?硅酸盐熔体的不混溶（熔离）作用是成矿的主要机制。它们主要形成于两种背景:大陆裂谷和造山带中的伸展环境。中国是岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床的产出大国,但与国外相比,形成背景和成矿动力学机制比较独特。世界上绝大多数岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床都形成于古老的克拉通,是地幔柱地球动力作用的结果,太古代—早元古代的科马提岩镍钴硫化物矿床是鲜明的产出特点。中国缺少古老的科马提岩有关的镍钴硫化物矿床,成矿时代相对较晚,主要形成于新元古代、晚古生代早期和晚期三个时期,新元古代以镍金属资源量居世界第三的金川超大型矿床为代表,晚古生代早期以近年来找矿突破发现的夏日哈木超大型矿床为代表。夏日哈木矿床也是迄今世界上特提斯造山带中发现的唯一一例超大型岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床。中国学者基于中国找矿实际提出的“大岩浆?深部熔离?贯入”表现为“小岩体成大矿”的成矿理论,广泛为野外地质勘查工作者接受并应用,取得了重要的找矿突破性成果,同时为国外同行认可,改变了岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床传统的成矿认识。造山带中岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床的广泛分布是中国该类矿床的一个重要特色,按形成造山带演化和成矿历史的不同,可分为特提斯型和中亚型两种重要的类型。特提斯型以夏日哈木矿床为代表,它是特提斯构造转换,原特提斯造山后,古特提斯裂解的产物;中亚型以中亚造山带中东天山?北山、阿尔泰分布的大批晚古生代晚期早二叠世岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床为代表,是板块构造和地幔柱双重地球动力学机制作用的结果。中国岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床找矿潜力巨大,金川矿床作为水平的“岩床”被推覆至地表呈倾斜的“岩墙”产出的结果,深边部仍具有重要找矿潜力,目前已在含矿岩体两端发现了重要的新矿体;夏日哈木矿床所在的东昆仑及其邻区已发现十余处新的矿床（点）。区域上,塔里木陆块东南缘、塔里木陆块北缘、扬子陆块西缘和华北陆块东北缘是亟待加强勘查的找矿远景区,而扬子陆块北缘、华北陆块北缘是急需调查的找矿新区。 相似文献
9.
铁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩具有镍矿成矿专属性,但并非所有的类似侵入岩都含矿,根据镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩含矿特点可总结成矿规律,有效指导区域找矿实践。青海省化隆地区发育114个镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩体,其含矿性特点与成矿规律是制约该岩带找矿突破的关键因素。本文通过对区内裕龙沟、亚曲、阿什贡及下什堂等岩体地质特征、年代学、岩石地球化学特征及区域对比分析研究,发现这些岩体具有相近的成岩时代,集中于436~449 Ma,可能是同一构造背景的产物。S同位素、Re-Os同位素及Sr-Nd同位素共同揭示了岩体的母岩浆来自一个曾被交代富集的地幔源区,其εNd(t)=-7.74~+8.36,初步表明其岩浆源区应该位于软流圈地幔,并混有一部分被俯冲板片交代的地幔楔物质。而这种交代富集事件可能与祁连、柴北缘在早古生代期间大规模的俯冲有关,是弧岩浆作用的成矿表现。化隆群富硅地层S的混入为硫化物的不混溶创造了条件,致使岩浆中熔离出的硫化物液滴聚集,侵位到理想空间形成不同品位不同类型的铜镍矿体。岩相分异充分、橄榄石富集、基性程度较高的侵入岩体相对易形成镍矿体,对青海省化隆地区镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的含矿性评价具有重要指示作用。 相似文献
10.
核桃树富铂岩浆硫化物矿床位于四川会理县小关河地区,是峨眉山大火成岩省中含较高铂族元素含量的岩浆硫化物矿床之一。本文通过对核桃树岩体及部分硫化物矿石主量元素、微量元素及铂族元素的系统分析,讨论了该岩体的岩浆源区及母岩浆性质、地幔部分熔融程度,并探讨了其成因机制。研究认为,核桃树含矿岩体属拉斑玄武岩成因系列,具有与峨眉山玄武岩相似的微量元素组成特征,是峨眉山大火成岩省构造-岩浆活动的产物;铂族元素的原始地幔标准化配分型式与金宝山铂钯矿相似,没有PGE相对于Ni和Cu的明显亏损,Pt和Pd相对Os、Ir、Ru和Rh富集,为PPGE富集的左倾型式,Pd/Ir=1.5~13.1,低于一般大陆拉斑玄武岩,与原始地幔接近。通过岩石地球化学及模拟分析表明,成矿母岩浆MgO约为11.93%、SiO_2约为49.88%、FeOT约为13.71%、TiO_2约为2.61%,为高Mg拉斑玄武质岩浆,是由类似于洋岛玄武岩岩浆源区成分的地幔经过较高程度(约20.17%)的部分熔融形成的苦橄质岩浆演化而来。与小关河地区主要的几类岩浆硫化物矿床的镍铜铂族元素组成及硫化物熔离模式对比分析发现,核桃树高的PGE含量和低的Cu/Pd比值说明了该矿床的硫化物是从PGE不亏损的玄武质岩浆中熔离出来的,类似金宝山矿床。成岩成矿机制分析认为,部分熔融形成的苦橄质岩浆在上升的过程中,发生了以橄榄石(约12.7%)为代表的镁铁质矿物堆积,并形成残余髙镁玄武质岩浆;部分残余髙镁玄武质岩浆向浅部运移过程中,由于温度降低、混染等因素的影响,导致岩浆S饱和,触发硫化物熔离作用的发生(R值为2000~50000),熔离出硫化物熔体与岩浆通道内晶出的橄榄石构成含矿"晶粥",在构造挤压作用下,在浅部岩浆房中由于重力影响发生堆积作用形成具有较富PGE的含矿岩体,R值较大变化正好与PGE含量较大变化相对应。 相似文献
11.
The three most crucial factors for the formation of large and super-large magmatic sulfide
deposits are: (1) a large volume of mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic magmas that participated in the
formation of the deposits; (2) fractional crystallization and crustal contamination, particularly the input
of sulfur from crustal rocks, resulting in sulfide immiscibility and segregation; and (3) the timing of
sulfide concentration in the intrusion. The super-large magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits around the world
have been found in small mafic-ultramafic intrusions, except for the Sudbury deposit. Studies in the past
decade indicated that the intrusions hosting large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits occur in
magma conduits, such as those in China, including Jinchuan (Gansu), Yangliuping (Sichuan), Kalatongke
(Xinjiang), and Hongqiling (Jilin). Magma conduits as open magma systems provide a perfect environment
for extensive concentration of immiscible sulfide melts, which have been found to occur along deep
regional faults. The origin of many mantle-derived magmas is closely associated with mantle plumes,
intracontinental rifts, or post-collisional extension. Although it has been confirmed that sulfide immiscibility
results from crustal contamination, grades of sulfide ores are also related to the nature of the
parental magmas, the ratio between silicate magma and immiscible sulfide melt, the reaction between
the sulfide melts and newly injected silicate magmas, and fractionation of the sulfide melt. The field relationships
of the ore-bearing intrusion and the sulfide ore body are controlled by the geological features of
the wall rocks. In this paper, we attempt to demonstrate the general characteristics, formation mechanism,tectonic settings, and indicators of magmatic sulfide deposits occurring in magmatic conduits which
would provide guidelines for further exploration. 相似文献
12.
岩浆硫化物矿床研究现状及重要科学问题 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
20世纪90年代,岩浆通道成矿模型的提出为岩浆硫化物矿床成因研究提供了崭新的思路,但对成矿机制和找矿标志的认识依然存在分歧。2000年以来,不同学者从岩浆通道形成的构造因素,外来硫加入的方式和控制因素,硫化物熔离、运移和沉降的热力学条件及动力学机制,区域找矿标志等方面对岩浆通道成矿机理进行了更深入的探讨。最近的研究发现,原来建立在热力学平衡假设基础上的一些认识需要纠正,硫化物熔离的化学动力学机制以及岩浆流体动力学状态对矿床的地质和地球化学特征具有不可忽视的影响,玄武岩铂族元素亏损的形成机制和找矿意义需要重新认识。 相似文献
13.
The Voisey's Bay nickel–copper deposit and the Pants Lake sulfide occurrences are the most important mineral systems discovered
to date within the Nain Plutonic Suite in northern Labrador. There are many intriguing similarities at both locations. Both
are hosted by relatively small troctolite/gabbro bodies that intrude the sulfide-bearing paragneiss of the Churchill Province,
and these intrusions contain inclusions of the paragneiss. Similar chemical reactions of the gneissic inclusions with the
host magmas are observed at both locations. The reactions resulted in the addition of SiO2, K2O, Na2O and sulfur to the magmas, and are responsible for sulfide-saturation and resultant segregation of immiscible sulfide liquids
from the magmas. The initial sulfide liquids in both cases were relatively poor in metals, containing <2.5 wt% Ni and 2 wt%
Cu. The sulfides at Pants Lake remained poor in metals because of a lack of subsequent interaction with new, chalcophile-undepleted
magma. At Voisey's Bay, the initial sulfides segregated in a dynamic conduit, and were subsequently upgraded in metals to
∼6 wt% Ni and 3 wt% Cu by a new surge of undepleted magma using the same conduit. These sulfides were then concentrated to
form large sulfide bodies in the wider parts of the conduit and its entry to an upper chamber in response to a sudden change
of liquid velocity in these environments. This study confirms three of the most important factors for the formation of magmatic
sulfide deposits in an evolved magma system: (1) contamination of magma with sulfide-bearing country rock to achieve sulfide
saturation; (2) a dynamic magmatic system such as a magma conduit to transport large volume of sulfide liquid and to concentrate
them in limited localities, and (3) upgrading of metals in the sulfide by new, chalcophile-undepleted magma.
Received: 20 February 2000 / Accepted: 14 September 2000 相似文献
14.
寄主岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体对比分析与成矿过程评述 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体是世界上岩浆硫化物(Ni-Cu-PGE)和氧化物(Fe-Ti-V-P)矿床的主要载体.全球主要岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床均可以产于大火成岩省、克拉通区的裂谷带或伸展环境、褶皱带内的后碰撞伸展环境.寄主岩浆硫化物矿床的岩体规模相差甚大(从6×104km2到＜0.1km2),既有超镁铁质岩石组合也有镁铁质岩石组合,但其原生岩浆主要为拉斑玄武质岩浆.含镍铜的铂族元素矿床主要赋存于规模很大的层状岩体中,而镍铜硫化物矿床主要赋存于小岩体中.寄主钒钛磁铁矿或磁铁矿矿床的岩体主要是以辉长岩为主的层状杂岩体.寄主钛铁矿-磷灰石矿床的岩体均为层状的斜长岩-纹长二长岩-紫苏花岗岩岩体.尽管其岩石组合相差很大,但其原生岩浆均属拉斑玄武质.寄主硫化物矿床的岩体相对富Si、Mg、Cr、Ni,而寄主氧化物矿床的岩体相对富Fe-Ti-P-V,造岩矿物晶体化学也反映了这种差异.对全球主要含矿岩体的对比分析表明,导致这种反差的主要控制因素应该是岩浆生成时的压力状态,源区性质和熔融程度的差异可能只在局部范围内起作用.对岩浆硫化物矿床成矿过程的认识集中体现在金川模式和岩浆通道模式上,对岩浆氧化物矿床成矿过程的认识体现在氧化物和磷灰石是堆晶相还是从不混溶的矿浆中结晶的.对比分析表明,成矿过程具有多样性,试图用一种模式概括所有同类矿床成矿过程的想法未必可取.毫无疑问,适宜的氧化还原环境是形成岩浆矿床的必要务件,伴随岩浆演化及成矿过程的氧速度变化及其诱因问题尚待进一步探索. 相似文献
15.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000595 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Mei-Fu Zhou Wei Terry Chen Christina Yan Wang Stephen A.Prevec Patricia Pingping Liu Geoffrey H.Howarth 《地学前缘(英文版)》2013,4(5):481-502
Magmatic oxide deposits in the～260 Ma Emeishan Large Igneous Province(ELIP),SW China and northern Vietnam,are important sources of Fe,Ti and V.Some giant magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits, such as the Panzhihua,Hongge,and Baima deposits,are well described in the literature and are hosted in layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Panxi region,the central ELIP.The same type of ELIP- related deposits also occur far to the south and include the Anyi deposit,about 130 km south of Panzhihua,and the Mianhuadi deposit in the Red River fault zone.The Anyi deposit is relatively small but is similarly hosted in a layered mafic intrusion.The Mianhuadi deposit has a zircon U-Pb age of～260 Ma and is thus contemporaneous with the ELIP.This deposit was variably metamorphosed during the Indosinian orogeny and Red River faulting.Compositionally,magnetite of the Mianhuadi deposit contains smaller amounts of Ti and V than that of the other deposits,possibly attributable to the later metamorphism.The distribution of the oxide ore deposits is not related to the domal structure of the ELIP.One major feature of all the oxide deposits in the ELIP is the spatial association of oxide-bearing gabbroic intrusions,syenitic plutons and high-Ti flood basalts.Thus,we propose that magmas from a mantle plume were emplaced into a shallow magma chamber where they were evolved into a field of liquid immiscibility to form two silicate liquids,one with an extremely Fe-Ti-rich gabbroic composition and the other syenitic.An immiscible Fe-Ti-(P) oxide melt may then separate from the mafic magmas to form oxide deposits.The parental magmas from which these deposits formed were likely Fe-Ti-rich picritic in composition and were derived from enriched asthenospheric mantle at a greater depth than the magmas that produced sulfide-bearing intrusions of the ELIP. 相似文献
16.
岩浆铜镍矿床100%硫化物中的Ni含量与赋矿岩石和成矿过程紧密相关,记录岩浆成分、分异程度与硫化物演化过程。硫化物异常高镍(高镍硫化物)往往被认为与科马提质岩浆或者后期热液作用密切相关。近年研究结合勘查证实,赋含高镍硫化物的矿床(高镍铜镍矿床)不仅限于科马提岩,还与苦橄质、玄武质岩浆有关,另外,热液富集作用并不是必要因素。本文总结了世界上高镍铜镍矿床的基本特征和形成机制,分析提出了不同机制的判别标志,并展望了其勘查前景。详细对比高镍铜镍矿床的产出环境、赋矿岩相、矿石特征、矿物组合等特征,该类矿床往往产于大陆裂谷和造山带环境,与基性程度较高的岩浆有关,以橄榄岩赋矿为主,含镍硫化物组合主要为镍黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿组合,少数为针镍矿-镍黄铁矿-黄铁矿组合。科马提岩相关矿床可将Ni含量大于16%的硫化物定义为高镍硫化物,苦橄质-玄武质岩浆相关矿床的硫化物可分为高镍硫化物(Ni10%)、中镍硫化物(5%～10%)和富铜硫化物(Ni5%,CuNi)。原生高镍硫化物可由富镍岩浆熔离、硫化物从橄榄石中吸取Ni、硫化物结晶分异、硫化物与硫不饱和岩浆反应等机制形成。苦橄质-玄武质岩浆相关的矿床,硫化物与橄榄石的Fe-Ni交换反应是高镍硫化物形成的重要机制。辉石岩源区地幔部分熔融形成富镍岩浆是否为高镍硫化物形成的必要条件尚存争议。不同机制形成的高镍硫化物具有迥异的岩石-矿物组合和地化特征。硫化物矿物组合、橄榄石成分(Fo值、Ni含量、Fo值-Ni含量的相关性)、伴生元素(铜、铂族元素)丰度-配分模式等特征可作为区分不同高镍硫化物形成机制的有效指标。我国新疆黄山南、坡一和青海夏日哈木矿床(部分浸染状矿化橄榄岩)以赋含高镍硫化物为特征,新疆喀拉通克矿床的硫化物则以富铜为特征,中国其余矿床的硫化物均属中镍硫化物。目前研究指示中国的高镍铜镍矿床与母岩浆相对富镍、硫化物与橄榄石Fe-Ni交换作用密切相关,后者可使硫化物Ni含量提升3%～5%。在铜镍矿床勘查方面,稀疏-中等浸染状高镍硫化物矿石即可达到工业品位,稠密浸染状-块状高镍硫化物矿石可达到很高的Ni品位(10%),是高品位镍矿勘查的一个重要方向。造山带环境富水、相对高氧逸度(可高达QFM+1)的岩浆可能是形成高镍硫化物的有利条件,该环境橄榄石Fo值较高(87mol%)的岩体有利于形成高镍硫化物。 相似文献
17.
Tang Zhongli 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1999,10(1):2
Deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits form a major type of magmatic sulfide deposit in China. The reserves of nickel and copper in this type of deposit may attain several hundred thousand tons (e.g.Hongqi 7 and Karatunggu) to nearly ten million tons (e.g.Jinchuan). Those deposits can be classified as large or superlarge deposits. The ore grade is relatively high, commonly with w(Ni)＞1 %.The mineralized intrusions are small in size, generally only 0.0n km2 to 0.n km2, with the largest one not exceeding a few km2. Before intruding, the primary magmas have undergone liquation and partial crystallization at depth; as a result, the magmas have partitioned into barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma, which then ascended and injected into the present locations once or multiple times, to form ore deposits. The above-mentioned mineralizing process is known as deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection mineralization. The volume of the barren magma is generally much larger than those of the ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma. In the ascending process, most of the barren magma intruded into different locations or outpoured onto the ground surface, forming intrusions or lava flows. The rest barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magmaand ore magma may either multiple times inject into the same place in which rocks and ores are formed or separately inject into different spaces to form rocks and ores. Such deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits have a much smaller volume, greater ore potential and higher ore grade than those of in-situ magmatic liquation deposits. Consequently, this mineralizing process leads to the formation of large deposits in small intrusions. 相似文献
18.
岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE矿床研究现状及发展趋势 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从全球视野分析研究了世界岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的大地构造分布和成岩成矿类型,特别是通过上世纪末新发现的加拿大Voisey′s Bay矿床与俄罗斯Noril′sk等世界级矿床特征的对比研究,突出强调了大火成岩省(LIPs)对大规模岩浆硫化物矿床形成的意义,从更加宏观的角度审视了世界级岩浆硫化物矿床形成的地质背景和岩浆作用条件,为中国金川等岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床的深入研究提供了参照背景。评述分析了当代岩浆硫化物矿床成矿研究中,幔源岩浆中硫化物液相不混溶(熔离)的演化轨迹,对岩浆萃取地壳中的硫改变硫化物饱和度促成不混溶作用发生的可能性和条件进行了探讨,进一步讨论了岩浆演化过程中,亲铜元素(Ni、Cu、Co、Pt和Pd等)进入硫化物液相成为金属硫化物或先期进入先结晶的橄榄石、辉石矿物成为氧化物的物理化学行为,并通过加拿大Sudbury陨石撞击构造成因矿床复合热液对硫化物矿体形成贡献的讨论,提出了热液作用对岩浆硫化物矿床成矿的可能贡献。分析判断了中国岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床的成矿特点和金川超大型岩浆Cu-Ni-PGE矿床外围的找矿潜力。 相似文献
19.
The Portneuf–Mauricie Domain (PMD), located in the south-central part of the Grenville province, contains Mesoproterozoic
Ni–Cu ± platinum-group element (PGE) prospects hosted in a variety of plutonic intrusions (layered, with simple structures,
or zoned) and emplaced in a mature island arc setting. A two-stage model is envisaged to explain the formation of magmatic
sulfides. An early loss of a small amount of sulfides in the conduits of primitive, hydrous mantle-derived melts under high
fO2, resulted in depletion of the magmas in chalcophile and precious metals (Cu/Pd ratios vary from initial mantle values up
to 1.6 × 106). Then, nearer the mineralized zones, the magmas interacted with sulfide-bearing country rocks, resulting in felsification
of the magmas, assimilation of crustal sulfur (δ
34S values up to +5.5‰), and the formation of an immiscible sulfide liquid. Liquid-sulfide formation was followed by variable
interactions between the silicate and sulfide magmas, which were responsible for the enrichment of sulfides in Ni, Cu, and,
locally, PGE. Indeed, low R factors are found for prospects hosted in intrusions with a simple internal structure and in layered intrusions whereas high
R factors are found for prospects hosted in zoned intrusions. Finally, sulfide melt may have been partly incorporated into
later pulses of magma and injected into shallow magma chambers to form the PMD prospects. The PMD prospects share common characteristics
with other well-known deposits (Aguablanca, Vammala, Stormyrplunen, and deposits in Alaskan/Ural-type intrusions), attesting
to the Ni, Cu, and PGE potential of deposits associated with subduction-zone settings. 相似文献